Power quality assessment in different wind power plant models considering wind turbine wake effects

The intense increase in the installed capacity of wind farms has required a computationally efficient dynamic equivalent model of wind farms.Various types of wind-farm modelling aim to identify the accuracy and simulation time in the presence of the power system.In this study,dynamic simulation of equivalent models of a sample wind farm,including single-turbine representation,multiple-turbine representation,quasi-multiple-turbine representation and full-turbine representation models,are performed using a doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine model developed in DIgSILENT software.The developed doubly-fed induction generator model in DIgSILENT is intended to simulate inflow wind turbulence for more accurate performance.The wake effects between wind turbines for the fullturbine representation and multiple-turbine representation models have been considered using the Jensen method.The developed model improves the extraction power of the turbine according to the layout of the wind farm.The accuracy of the mentioned methods is evaluated by calculating the output parameters of the wind farm,including active and reactive powers,voltage and instantaneous flicker intensity.The study was carried out on a sample wind farm,which included 39 wind turbines.The simulation results confirm that the computational loads of the single-turbine representation(STR),the multiple-turbine representation and the quasi-multiple-turbine representation are 1/39,1/8 and 1/8 times the full-turbine representation model,respectively.On the other hand,the error of active power(voltage)with respect to the full-turbine representation model is 74.59%(1.31%),43.29%(0.31%)and 7.19%(0.11%)for the STR,the multiple-turbine representation and the quasi-multiple representation,respectively.

A novel controllable crowbar based on fault type protection technique for DFIG wind energy conversion system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

This paper proposes a novel controllable crowbar based on fault type(CBFT)protection technique for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)wind energy conversion system connected to grid.The studied system consists of six DFIG wind turbines with a capacity of 1.5 MW for each of them.The operation mechanism of proposed technique is used to connect a set of crowbar resistors in different connection ways via activation of controllable circuit breakers(CBs)depending on the detected fault type.For each phase of DFIG,a crowbar resistor is connected in parallel with a controllable CB and all of them are connected in series to grid terminals.The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)networks are designed to detect the fault occurrence,classify the fault type,activate the CBs for crowbar resistors associated with faulted phases during fault period,and deactivate them after fault clearance.The effectiveness of proposed CBFT protection technique is investigated for different fault types such as symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults taking into account the single-phase to ground fault is the most frequently fault type that occurs in power systems.Also,a comparison between the behaviours of studied system in cases of using traditional parallel rotor crowbar,classical outer crowbar,and proposed CBFT protection techniques is studied.The fluctuations of DC-link voltage,active power,and reactive power for studied system equipped with different protection techniques are investigated.Moreover,the impacts of different crowbar resistance values on the accuracy of proposed technique are studied.The simulation results show that,the proposed technique enhances the stability of studied wind turbine generators and contributes in protection of their components during faults.

Adaptive Frequency Responsive Control for Wind Farm Considering Wake Interaction

With the increasing share of wind power,it is expected that wind turbines would provide frequency regulation ancillary service.However,the complex wake effect intensifies the difficulty in controlling wind turbines and evaluating the frequency regulation potential from the wind farm.We propose a novel frequency control scheme for doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbines,in which the wake effect is considered.The proposed control scheme is developed by incorporating the virtual inertia control and primary frequency control in a holistic way.To facilitate frequency regulation in timevarying operation status,the control gains are adaptively adjusted according to wind turbine operation status in the proposed controller.Besides,different kinds of power reserve control approaches are explicitly investigated.Finally,extensive case studies are conducted and simulation results verify that the frequency behavior is significantly improved via the proposed control scheme.