Bacterial or viral infections,such as Brucella,mumps virus,herpes simplex virus,and Zika virus,destroy immune homeostasis of the testes,leading to spermatogenesis disorder and infertility.Of note,recent research shows...Bacterial or viral infections,such as Brucella,mumps virus,herpes simplex virus,and Zika virus,destroy immune homeostasis of the testes,leading to spermatogenesis disorder and infertility.Of note,recent research shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect male gonads and destroy Sertoli and Leydig cells,leading to male reproductive dysfunction.Due to the many side effects associated with antibiotic therapy,finding alternative treatments for inflammatory injury remains critical.Here,we found that Dmrt1 plays an important role in regulating testicular immune homeostasis.Knockdown of Dmrt1 in male mice inhibited spermatogenesis with a broad inflammatory response in seminiferous tubules and led to the loss of spermatogenic epithelial cells.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)revealed that Dmrt1 positively regulated the expression of Spry1,an inhibitory protein of the receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK)signaling pathway.Furthermore,immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry(IP-MS)and co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)analysis indicated that SPRY1 binds to nuclear factor kappa B1(NF-κB1)to prevent nuclear translocation of p65,inhibit activation of NF-κB signaling,prevent excessive inflammatory reaction in the testis,and protect the integrity of the blood-testis barrier.In view of this newly identified Dmrt1-Spry1-NF-κB axis mechanism in the regulation of testicular immune homeostasis,our study opens new avenues for the prevention and treatment of male reproductive diseases in humans and livestock.展开更多
Sex determination is composed of somatic and germ-line sex differentiation hierarchies whose interaction is poorly understood. A single gene known to control somatic sex determination, the DM-domain containing （Doubl...Sex determination is composed of somatic and germ-line sex differentiation hierarchies whose interaction is poorly understood. A single gene known to control somatic sex determination, the DM-domain containing （Doublesex/Mab-3 DNA-binding motif） gene, is highly conserved across species. Vertebrate DMRT1 （DM-related transcription factor 1） expression occurs predominantly in the testis. Here, however, isolated two distinct DM-domain cDNA from Oreochromis aurea ovary and testis have been named DMRT4 （DM-related transcription factor 4） and DMRT1 by BLAST, respectively. Despite high homology in the DM-domain there is little similarity outside the DM-domain.To better understand the structure, function, and possible roles of DMRT4 and DMRT1 as potential candidates for sex differentiation and sex determination, the intact regions encoding DMRT4 and DMRT1 obtained by PCR were sub-cloned into the vector pMAL-c2x and introduced into the Escherichia coli TB1 cell for efficient fusion expression. After purification and cleavage, DMRT4 and DMRT1 proteins were used to immunize adult rabbits following standard protocols. Consequently, it was found by using Western blot analysis that polyclonal antibodies against DMRT4 and DMRT1 had high specificity. The relative expression levels of DMRT4 and DMRT1 mRNA were determined by fluorescent Real-time RT-PCR in female and male Oreochromis aurea with 13-actin as the internal standard. DMRT1 was expressed only in testis, whereas DMRT4 was over expressed in the ovary, but in both female and male, a slight expression in the brain was also detected. Statistical analysis showed that in the brain, mean DMRT4 mRNA levels in female were significantly higher than in male. Meanwhile, the expression of DMRT4 and DMRT1 protein was also analyzed using the purified antibodies through Western blot and immunohistochemistry. It was found that DMRT4 was exclusively expressed in the ovary and DMRT1 in the testis. Study on DMRT4 and DMRT1 expression facilitated the elucidation of their roles and the understanding of sex differentiation of fish.展开更多
脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主...脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主要参与性别决定和性腺分化,也参与某些非性腺组织器官的发育:Dmrt1主要参与精巢分化,也与卵巢发育有关;Dmrt2主要参与体节的发生、分化以及非对称器官的形成;Dmrt3,4,5可共同参与或依次调控嗅器和脑的发育;Dmrt7为雄性配子发生所必须;Dmrt8属雄性偏向表达基因。Dmrt1在各脊椎动物的遗传性别决定通路中的位置和作用位点不同。展开更多
Dmrt(Double sex and Mab-3 related transcription factor)基因是一类含有高度保守的DM(Double sex and Mab-3)结构域的基因家族,该基因家族的很多成员都参与了性别决定和分化过程的调控。目前已研究了很多物种的Dmrt基因,但对于具有...Dmrt(Double sex and Mab-3 related transcription factor)基因是一类含有高度保守的DM(Double sex and Mab-3)结构域的基因家族,该基因家族的很多成员都参与了性别决定和分化过程的调控。目前已研究了很多物种的Dmrt基因,但对于具有重要进化地位和经济价值的贝类,却鲜见相关报道。Dmrt5作为Dmrt基因家族的重要成员,是否也参与了动物的性别决定与分化的调控,至今为止没有定论。采用RACE-PCR技术,从马氏珠母贝(Pinctadamatensii,Dunker)精巢的SMARTcDNA中克隆了Dmrt5基因的全长cDNA序列。同源性比对显示,pmDmrt5编码的氨基酸序列与海胆、线虫、青鳉、斑马鱼、爪蟾和小鼠的Dmrt5基因的一致性分别为17.2%、26.7%、24.8%、18.7%、20.8%和15.8%。虽然各个物种间同源性并不高,但他们的DM结构域是高度保守的。RT-PCR结果表明,pmDm-rt5基因在雄性性腺中的表达量显著高于鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、消化盲囊和雌性性腺;在早期雄性性腺、成熟期雄性性腺中的表达量显著高于性腺发育其他时期。这意味着pmDmrt5基因可能参与了马氏珠母贝性别发育的调控。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072806,31572399)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1302201)+3 种基金Program of Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Innovation Team(2019TD-036)Major Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020ZD10)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-044)Key Technologies Demonstration of Animal Husbandry in Shaanxi Province(20221086)。
文摘Bacterial or viral infections,such as Brucella,mumps virus,herpes simplex virus,and Zika virus,destroy immune homeostasis of the testes,leading to spermatogenesis disorder and infertility.Of note,recent research shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect male gonads and destroy Sertoli and Leydig cells,leading to male reproductive dysfunction.Due to the many side effects associated with antibiotic therapy,finding alternative treatments for inflammatory injury remains critical.Here,we found that Dmrt1 plays an important role in regulating testicular immune homeostasis.Knockdown of Dmrt1 in male mice inhibited spermatogenesis with a broad inflammatory response in seminiferous tubules and led to the loss of spermatogenic epithelial cells.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)revealed that Dmrt1 positively regulated the expression of Spry1,an inhibitory protein of the receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK)signaling pathway.Furthermore,immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry(IP-MS)and co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)analysis indicated that SPRY1 binds to nuclear factor kappa B1(NF-κB1)to prevent nuclear translocation of p65,inhibit activation of NF-κB signaling,prevent excessive inflammatory reaction in the testis,and protect the integrity of the blood-testis barrier.In view of this newly identified Dmrt1-Spry1-NF-κB axis mechanism in the regulation of testicular immune homeostasis,our study opens new avenues for the prevention and treatment of male reproductive diseases in humans and livestock.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2004CB117401)Chinese National Programsfor High Technology Research and Development(No.2004AA243060).
文摘Sex determination is composed of somatic and germ-line sex differentiation hierarchies whose interaction is poorly understood. A single gene known to control somatic sex determination, the DM-domain containing （Doublesex/Mab-3 DNA-binding motif） gene, is highly conserved across species. Vertebrate DMRT1 （DM-related transcription factor 1） expression occurs predominantly in the testis. Here, however, isolated two distinct DM-domain cDNA from Oreochromis aurea ovary and testis have been named DMRT4 （DM-related transcription factor 4） and DMRT1 by BLAST, respectively. Despite high homology in the DM-domain there is little similarity outside the DM-domain.To better understand the structure, function, and possible roles of DMRT4 and DMRT1 as potential candidates for sex differentiation and sex determination, the intact regions encoding DMRT4 and DMRT1 obtained by PCR were sub-cloned into the vector pMAL-c2x and introduced into the Escherichia coli TB1 cell for efficient fusion expression. After purification and cleavage, DMRT4 and DMRT1 proteins were used to immunize adult rabbits following standard protocols. Consequently, it was found by using Western blot analysis that polyclonal antibodies against DMRT4 and DMRT1 had high specificity. The relative expression levels of DMRT4 and DMRT1 mRNA were determined by fluorescent Real-time RT-PCR in female and male Oreochromis aurea with 13-actin as the internal standard. DMRT1 was expressed only in testis, whereas DMRT4 was over expressed in the ovary, but in both female and male, a slight expression in the brain was also detected. Statistical analysis showed that in the brain, mean DMRT4 mRNA levels in female were significantly higher than in male. Meanwhile, the expression of DMRT4 and DMRT1 protein was also analyzed using the purified antibodies through Western blot and immunohistochemistry. It was found that DMRT4 was exclusively expressed in the ovary and DMRT1 in the testis. Study on DMRT4 and DMRT1 expression facilitated the elucidation of their roles and the understanding of sex differentiation of fish.
文摘脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主要参与性别决定和性腺分化,也参与某些非性腺组织器官的发育:Dmrt1主要参与精巢分化,也与卵巢发育有关;Dmrt2主要参与体节的发生、分化以及非对称器官的形成;Dmrt3,4,5可共同参与或依次调控嗅器和脑的发育;Dmrt7为雄性配子发生所必须;Dmrt8属雄性偏向表达基因。Dmrt1在各脊椎动物的遗传性别决定通路中的位置和作用位点不同。
文摘Dmrt(Double sex and Mab-3 related transcription factor)基因是一类含有高度保守的DM(Double sex and Mab-3)结构域的基因家族,该基因家族的很多成员都参与了性别决定和分化过程的调控。目前已研究了很多物种的Dmrt基因,但对于具有重要进化地位和经济价值的贝类,却鲜见相关报道。Dmrt5作为Dmrt基因家族的重要成员,是否也参与了动物的性别决定与分化的调控,至今为止没有定论。采用RACE-PCR技术,从马氏珠母贝(Pinctadamatensii,Dunker)精巢的SMARTcDNA中克隆了Dmrt5基因的全长cDNA序列。同源性比对显示,pmDmrt5编码的氨基酸序列与海胆、线虫、青鳉、斑马鱼、爪蟾和小鼠的Dmrt5基因的一致性分别为17.2%、26.7%、24.8%、18.7%、20.8%和15.8%。虽然各个物种间同源性并不高,但他们的DM结构域是高度保守的。RT-PCR结果表明,pmDm-rt5基因在雄性性腺中的表达量显著高于鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、消化盲囊和雌性性腺;在早期雄性性腺、成熟期雄性性腺中的表达量显著高于性腺发育其他时期。这意味着pmDmrt5基因可能参与了马氏珠母贝性别发育的调控。
