Fuzzy data envelopment analysis approach based on sample decision making units

The conventional data envelopment analysis （DEA） measures the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units with exact values of inputs and outputs. In real-world prob- lems, however, inputs and outputs typically have some levels of fuzziness. To analyze a decision making unit （DMU） with fuzzy input/output data, previous studies provided the fuzzy DEA model and proposed an associated evaluating approach. Nonetheless, numerous deficiencies must still be improved, including the α- cut approaches, types of fuzzy numbers, and ranking techniques. Moreover, a fuzzy sample DMU still cannot be evaluated for the Fuzzy DEA model. Therefore, this paper proposes a fuzzy DEA model based on sample decision making unit （FSDEA）. Five eval- uation approaches and the related algorithm and ranking methods are provided to test the fuzzy sample DMU of the FSDEA model. A numerical experiment is used to demonstrate and compare the results with those obtained using alternative approaches.

Perceptions of Collaboration and Satisfaction with Collaboration Regarding Care Decision-Making in Intensive Care Units in Japan: A National Survey

Multi-professional collaboration is being promoted worldwide as a response to the need for sophisticated medical care and for catering to patients’ diverse needs. Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are seriously ill, and their families may be at risk depending on the patient’s situation. Considering these characteristics of patients and families, there is a strong need for multi-professional collaboration within ICUs. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine recognition and other factors related to collaboration and satisfaction involving care decisions in Japanese ICUs. A mail survey about collaboration of activities and systems was sent to physicians, clinical engineers, and nurses working in ICUs in Japan, 387 consented to participate in this study. Results showed that satisfaction scores were generally high among the three aforementioned professions, but collaboration scores on deciding care for patients showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The total collaboration score was the highest among physicians (36.7 ± 6.7 points), followed by nurses (32.8 ± 7.4 points), and CEs (32.8 ± 7.4 points). The factors that commonly affected collaboration scores were the satisfaction score and the ability to collaborate with other professionals and set team medical care as a goal. Moreover, it is worth noting that the degree of difficulty in collaboration negatively affected this factor. On the other hand, other factors differed among the three professions, suggesting that the purpose and need for collaboration differ depending on the profession.

基于物联网重症监护设备的临床辅助决策研究

目的:减轻医生临床压力,提高信息化辅助临床诊断决策水平。方法:运用物联网采集装置,采集重症监护室、普通病房呼吸机、监护仪等治疗设备生命体征和报警信息,设计假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化模型工具。结果:通过实施假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化工具,为医院阳性报警、远程ICU等应用推广提供数据支持。结论:重症监护室信息化辅助决策的研究与应用,可提升临床医生的决策效率,减轻临床工作压力,提高医疗服务水平。

美英日国家图书馆智库服务研究

国家图书馆智库作为国家发展和治理的重要支撑,其建设和发展应受到关注和重视。文章从机构概况、服务内容、服务成果三方面,详细介绍并对比了美国国会图书馆、英国下议院图书馆和日本国立国会图书馆的智库情况,并从人才队伍、组织结构、研究领域以及平台建设等方面,对我国国家图书馆智库建设和服务提出建议。

ICU患者家属决策困境研究现状及启示

由于ICU环境的特殊性,家属探视时间被严格限制,家属不能与患者及时沟通以了解其意愿偏好,且疾病的突发性和临床的不确定性容易导致家属在决策时产生矛盾心理,从而陷入决策困境。概述了关于ICU患者家属决策困境的概念、评估工具、决策困境产生的原因、由于决策困境产生的影响,以及决策困境的应对策略,以期为未来ICU患者家属决策困境的干预提供理论依据,提高ICU患者家属代理决策质量,缩短患者住院时间,改善患者健康结局,从而提高医疗护理满意度。

重症监护室护士道德困境体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的了解重症监护室护士道德困境的真实体验,为管理者制定干预措施,提高重症监护室护士幸福感,稳定护理队伍提供参考。方法检索中国知网、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase数据库关于重症监护室护士道德困境的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月24日。根据JBI循证卫生保健中心推荐的质性研究质量评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,运用Meta整合方法对研究结果进行整合。结果共纳入8篇文献,从纳入研究中提炼出36个主题,将其归纳成为10个新类别,综合成3个整合结果,即ICU护士经历道德困境受多种因素影响,护士遭遇道德困境时的情感体验,应对道德困境的策略。结论重症监护室护士存在一定程度的道德困境,护理管理者应了解其产生的原因,并制定和实施有效干预措施,以减少重症监护室护士道德困扰,促进护士生理心理健康发展,稳定护理队伍。

某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状及影响因素分析

目的调查某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2022年6月-2023年6月选取在儿童重症监护室(pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)住院治疗的118例重症患儿的照顾者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、家庭成员决策自我效能量表对其进行调查。结果该组重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳量表得分为(12.16±3.81)分,决策疲劳量表得分与家庭成员决策自我效能量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.882,P=0.012)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,重症患儿照顾者性别、患儿入住PICU天数、家庭平均月收入、决策自我效能是患儿照顾者决策疲劳的独立影响因素(R^(2)=0.952,_(△)R^(2)=0.902,F=16.819,P<0.001)。结论PICU重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳处于中等水平,医护人员应重点关注女性、家庭平均月收入低、患儿入住PICU时间长、决策自我效能水平低的患儿照顾者,及时向照顾者提供重症患儿病情、治疗方案、预后等信息,加强其心理支持,提升照顾者决策自我效能,从而降低其决策疲劳水平。

NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的系统评价NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验的质性研究。方法检索数据库PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Sinomed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库关于NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年8月。文献质量评价采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所质性研究质量评价标准,采用汇集性Meta整合方法对文献进行归纳。结果共纳入13篇文献,提炼出33个结果,归纳为12个新类别,合成4个整合结果:临终新生儿父母决策参与倾向、临终新生儿父母决策角色体验、临终新生儿父母决策中的障碍、临终新生儿父母决策中的需求。结论NICU临终新生儿父母面临艰难的决策选择,医护人员需与父母共同确定其在决策中的理想角色,制定个性化的沟通内容,社会、医院以及家庭需创造支持性的社会心理环境,给予父母信息及情感支持,提高临终新生儿父母在决策中的应对力。

网络信息时代C2组织结构的六维模型

从一般性组织结构的创新思路及指挥与控制(commandandcontrol,C2)方法空间模型出发,以决策权的分配程度、横向协调程度、交互程度、C2单元的规模大小、C2单元的数量及关系影响强度6个维度来描述网络信息时代C2组织结构内中心与边缘C2单元之间的关系。通过构建C2组织结构的六维模型,厘清信息共享在组织横纵向间的共享,决策权在不同层级之中有效赋能与分发,该组织结构在应对网络信息时代下不确定的战时环境时与传统结构相比更具备决胜优势。

基于指标间相关性权重法的多维煤电转型路径决策

煤电转型中需要兼顾低碳发展要求和电力系统安全保供的问题,然而我国各地区煤电发展定位、机组特性等各不相同,因此在转型决策上具有路径多样化的特点,例如:灵活性改造、综合能源服务、技术减碳、备用辅助服务机组和关停退出等。鉴于此,从多维度视角开展针对煤电转型路径决策的研究。首先,从资源替代、环境影响、监管合规维度构建煤电转型的综合评价指标体系;其次,以综合评价方法和指标间相关性权重(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)法为工具,对我国4702台现役煤电机组进行转型综合评价;再次,结合《中国“十四五”电力发展规划研究》对煤电装机结构在2035年的9.11亿kW容量目标要求,筛选出需要转型的煤电机组。结果表明,1067台机组,共2.5亿kW容量,是需要在2035年前完成转型的煤电机组。从地区分布来看,东南沿海地区的煤电机组综合表现较好,而中北部、华北部等地区的煤电机组则面临较大的转型压力。

交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术设计与实现

针对交直流混联送端电网依然存在着暂态稳定、弱阻尼振荡和频率稳定等运行风险,提出了交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术。根据送端电网受扰后不同阶段的特点,交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术充分发挥电力电子装置的控制性能,对暂态稳定、频率稳定和动态稳定等多种稳定过程协调优化并进行附加控制。以许继的HCM3000软硬件平台为稳控执行单元开展交直流电网实时协调安全附加控制技术研究,实现控制策略的在线优化,并在实验室条件下验证了交直流电网实时协调安全控制策略的有效性。

随机DMU相对稳定有效性分析

基于均值-方差原理,提出了随机条件下决策单元相对稳定有效的概念,建立了随机DEA模型,分析了其相对稳定有效性并给出模型的求解方法。

Classifying and ranking DMUs in interval DEA

During efficiency evaluating by DEA, the inputs and outputs of DMUs may be intervals because of insufficient information or measure error. For this reason, interval DEA is proposed. To make the efficiency scores more discriminative, this paper builds an Interval Modified DEA (IMDEA) model based on MDEA. Furthermore, models of obtaining upper and lower bounds of the efficiency scores for each DMU are set up. Based on this, the DMUs are classified into three types. Next, a new order relation between intervals which can express the DM’s preference to the three types is proposed. As a result, a full and more convictive ranking is made on all the DMUs. Finally an example is given.

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks:Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks.While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level.This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes.Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good.The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

Data envelopment analysis procedure with two non-homogeneous DMU groups

The classic data envelopment analysis（DEA） model is used to evaluate decision-making units＇（DMUs） efficiency under the assumption that all DMUs are evaluated with the same criteria setting. Recently, new researches begin to focus on the efficiency analysis of non-homogeneous DMU arose by real practices such as the evaluation of departments in a university, where departments argue for the adoption of different criteria based on their disciplinary characteristics. A DEA procedure is proposed in this paper to address the efficiency analysis of two non-homogeneous DMU groups. Firstly, an analytical framework is established to compromise diversified input and output（IO） criteria from two nonhomogenous groups. Then, a criteria fusion operation is designed to obtain different DEA analysis strategies. Meanwhile, Friedman test is introduced to analyze the consistency of all efficiency results produced by different strategies. Next, ordered weighted averaging（OWA） operators are applied to integrate different information to reach final conclusions. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed method. The result indicates that the proposed method relaxes the restriction of the classical DEA model,and can provide more analytical flexibility to address different decision analysis scenarios arose from practical applications.

城市高压配电网负荷转供辅助决策关键技术与系统

城市电网灵活性不足是造成系统调峰与输电阻塞问题的根本原因,为解决这一问题,提出了一种考虑城市高压配电网负荷转供及储能充放电策略的协同优化策略,并开发了一套可实现高压配电网灵活运行调度的在线辅助决策系统。通过分析城市高压配电网的拓扑特点,在其变电单元简化拓扑建模的基础上,分别以最小化220 kV输电网运行成本和110 kV高压配电网负荷削减成本为上、下层目标,建立时序双层优化模型,通过上下层模型的不断交替迭代,实现对高压配电网拓扑状态及储能运行状态的求解;基于高压配电网标准化站内接线的电气拓扑聚合通用方法,开发了一套可满足高压配电网灵活调度的运行控制与决策支持系统,以实现城市高压配电系统分布式新能源和储能广泛发展的运行方式优化以及调峰与负荷转供策略制定。最后,以某地区电网为例进行方法建模和实用性分析,测试并验证了所提方法的可行性与应用前景。

具有固定输入DMU的成本效率估计

讨论了评价生产有效性的非参数方法DEA在计算决策单元成本效率中的应用.针对具有固定投入的DEA效率评估模型,本文提出了这类生产系统决策单元的成本效率概念以及测算公式,并结合具体算例对有关定义和模型进行了验证.

Vigilance in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Background and Aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. This study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 192 ICU nurses as the participants. The data were obtained through questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance. SPSS software version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean total vigilance score was 3.86 ± 0.23 of 5. The mean scores of the timely diagnosis of changes, pattern recognition, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 3.44 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilance behaviors and found that their mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating our participants had a high level of clinical vigilance. These results suggest a need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger nurses.

基于GIS-MCDM-GRU的舟山市波浪能电站选址决策研究

选址决策是开发利用波浪能资源的重要前提。为实现波浪能电站选址决策,本文基于地理信息系统(Geographic information system,GIS)、多准则决策(Multi-criteria decision making,MCDM)方法和门控循环单元(Gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络建立波浪能选址决策方法框架。在决策过程中,为降低主观偏差,提出基于云-层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和熵值法的组合赋权方法进行权重求解;为更加准确地描述实际情况,应用基于区间数的简单加权法进行方案排序;为提高电站后期实施运行的可预测性和可控性,采用GRU神经网络对最优场址波功率密度进行短期预测。最后,以舟山市波浪能电站选址为例验证了该方法的鲁棒性和可靠性。本文为中国波浪能电站建设提供了重要的理论依据。

机械通气患者家属替代决策困境体验的质性研究

目的 探讨机械通气患者家属替代决策困境体验,为提升替代决策者的决策质量和满意度提供参考。方法 2020年5月-2020年10月,对长沙市某三级甲等医院ICU所收治机械通气患者的替代决策家属进行半结构访谈,以Colaizzi现象学分析法对访谈资料进行编码、分类、解释及分析。结果 分析得出以下三大主题:决策行为类型多样、决策内心活动复杂、决策挑战多维化。结论 需关注和识别机械通气患者家属作为替代决策者的困境和需求,增进医护人员与替代决策者之间的沟通和信任,优化家属参与医疗决策的心理支持及应对策略,提升替代决策者的决策能力和满意度。