Dissimilarity nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)is of significance in agriculture ecosystems as the process is beneficial to N retention in soils.However,how fertilization regimes influence DNRA rates and functional ...Dissimilarity nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)is of significance in agriculture ecosystems as the process is beneficial to N retention in soils.However,how fertilization regimes influence DNRA rates and functional microbes in agriculture was rarely estimated.In the present study,a 2-year pot experiment was conducted in two contrasting paddy soils to evaluate the effects of straw and nitrogen addition on DNRA process and the related functional microbes,using stable isotope tracer and molecular ecology techniques.The results showed that the abundance and transcription activity of nitrite reductase encoding gene(nrfA)involved in DNRA process and DNRA rates were significantly higher in alkaline soils than in acidic soils.Straw incorporation significantly enhanced nrfA gene abundance and transcription activity,with a greater effect in alkaline soil than in acidic soil.The rates of DNRA,abundance and transcription activity of nrfA gene positively correlated to soil C/N and C/NO_(3)^(-) induced by straw application.Sequencing analysis based on nrfA gene transcript showed that Deltaproteobacteria was the most dominant group in both soil types(30.9%-67.4%),while Gammaproteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria were selectively enriched by straw incorporation.These results demonstrated that DNRA activity can be improved by straw return practice in paddy soils while the effect will vary among soil types due to differentiated functional microbial communities and edaphic properties.展开更多
以五常、常熟和雅安水稻土为研究对象,通过室内泥浆培养,利用基于膜进样质谱仪(Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer,MIMS)的15N示踪技术,探究了温度、pH、NO_(3)^(–)浓度、C/N、Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度对三种水稻土反硝化和硝酸根异化还原成...以五常、常熟和雅安水稻土为研究对象,通过室内泥浆培养,利用基于膜进样质谱仪(Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer,MIMS)的15N示踪技术,探究了温度、pH、NO_(3)^(–)浓度、C/N、Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度对三种水稻土反硝化和硝酸根异化还原成铵(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)速率及二者占硝酸根还原过程相对贡献的影响。结果表明,在所研究的稻田土壤中,反硝化是NO_(3)^(–)异化还原过程的主导途径,占比87.97%~91.73%,而DNRA仅占8.27%~12.03%。反硝化和DNRA速率随温度升高均呈指数增长,且DNRA占NO_(3)^(–)异化还原的比例(RDNRA)也随温度升高呈增长趋势。反硝化和DNRA速率分别在pH为7或者8.5时最高,相对于碱性环境(4.92%~14.67%),酸性环境中RDNRA(6.24%~15.56%)更高。反硝化和DNRA速率与NO_(3)^(–)浓度之间关系符合米氏方程,且反硝化的最大速率(Vmax)和米氏常数(Km)均大于DNRA。与未加碳源对照组相比,C/N为2.5时,反硝化速率显著提高了22%~35%;C/N大于2.5时,DNRA速率显著提高了74%~199%。三种土壤中,Fe^(2+)添加和S2–添加处理中呈现出类似的趋势,均在低浓度电子供体(即Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度分别为300~500μmol·L^(-1)和50~62.5μmol·L^(-1))时呈现出最高的反硝化速率,而DNRA速率达到峰值则需要更高浓度的电子供体(即Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度分别为800~1000μmol·L^(-1)和100~125μmol·L^(-1))。综上可知,环境因子可显著影响NO_(3)^(–)异化还原过程的速率及分配,其中高温、高C/N、高浓度Fe^(2+)和S2–有利于更多的NO_(3)^(–)分配给DNRA过程,而高浓度NO_(3)^(–)会提高NO_(3)^(–)向反硝化过程的分配。上述研究结果深化了对水稻土NO3–异化还原过程分配的认识,对于探寻潜在农学措施提高DNRA过程的分配比例,进而提高土壤中氮素的固持和提高稻田氮肥利用率具有重要的科学意义。展开更多
试验以模拟生物滞留系统为研究对象,运用^(15)N同位素示踪技术研究土壤不同氧化还原电位(Eh)和p H条件下硝酸盐异化还原为氨(DNRA)作用对氮的去除效果。结果表明:在土壤Eh为225~100 m V、0^-120 m V和-225^-340 m V条件下,随着Eh的降低...试验以模拟生物滞留系统为研究对象,运用^(15)N同位素示踪技术研究土壤不同氧化还原电位(Eh)和p H条件下硝酸盐异化还原为氨(DNRA)作用对氮的去除效果。结果表明:在土壤Eh为225~100 m V、0^-120 m V和-225^-340 m V条件下,随着Eh的降低,硝酸盐异化还原为氨(DNRA)作用增强;生物滞留系统中同时存在反硝化反应和DNRA作用,在0^-120 m V区间,更有利于反硝化作用的发生;在-225^-340 m V区间,更有利于DNRA作用的发生;生物滞留系统土壤p H为5~7的条件下,DNRA作用效果随着p H的增加而增强;在p H为7~9时,DNRA作用效果随着p H的增加而减弱;表明DNRA作用易在中性偏碱性的环境下发生。展开更多
反硝化(Denitrification,DNF)和硝酸盐异化还原为氨(Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium,DNRA)是硝酸盐异养还原的2个主要途径.反硝化被认为是彻底去除水体氮负荷的主要过程;而硝酸盐异化还原为氨则将水体中的硝态氮转化为氨...反硝化(Denitrification,DNF)和硝酸盐异化还原为氨(Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium,DNRA)是硝酸盐异养还原的2个主要途径.反硝化被认为是彻底去除水体氮负荷的主要过程;而硝酸盐异化还原为氨则将水体中的硝态氮转化为氨氮.2个过程均以硝酸盐为电子受体,并存在相互竞争关系.这2个过程的研究对理解湿地氮转化以及指导湿地氮污染修复具有重要意义.运用无扰动沉积物柱样流动培养、15NO-3-N同位素示踪实验,并采用氨氧化-膜接口质谱仪联用(OX/MIMS)测定氨氮同位素产物的方法,对鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地、巢湖重污染河流湿地、巢湖重污染湖泊湿地3种类型湿地沉积物-水界面的硝酸盐异养还原过程进行研究,结果表明存在显著差异.3种类型湿地DNF速率的范围为(6.36±2.57)^(99.98±14.05)μmol/(m2·h),DNRA速率的范围为(0.51±0.45)^(79.82±6.08)μmol/(m2·h).在3种类型湿地中,随着氮污染程度加重,DNF和DNRA速率均显著增加,且DNRA过程在总的硝态氮异养还原中所占的比重不断增大,说明较高的硝酸盐负荷、较高的沉积物有机质含量更有利于DNRA过程的竞争.而对反硝化方式的进一步研究发现,巢湖重污染河流、湖泊湿地主要以非耦合反硝化为主导过程,而鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地则更倾向于以硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化为主.展开更多
Specific management of water regimes, soil and N in China might play an important role in regulating N2O and CH4 emissions in rice fields. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from alternate non-flooded/flooded paddies...Specific management of water regimes, soil and N in China might play an important role in regulating N2O and CH4 emissions in rice fields. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from alternate non-flooded/flooded paddies were monitored simultaneously during a 516-day incubation with lysimeter experiments. Two N sources (15N-(NH4)2SO4 and 15N-labeled milk vetch) were applied to two contrasting paddies: one derived from Xiashu loess (Loess) and one from Quaternary red clay (Clay). Both N2O and CH4 emissions were significantly higher in soil Clay than in soil Loess during the flooded period. For both soil, N2O emissions peaked at the transition periods shortly after the beginning of the flooded and non-flooded seasons. Soil type affected N2O emission patterns. In soil Clay, the emission peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions was much higher than the peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions. In soil Loess, the emission peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions was obviously higher than the peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions except for milk vetch treatment. Soil type also had a significant effect on CH4 emissions during the flooded season, over which the weighted average flux was 111 mg C m-2 h-1 and 2.2 mg C m-2 h-1 from Clay and Loess, respectively. Results indicated that it was the transition in the water regime that dominated N2O emissions while it was the soil type that dominated CH4 emissions during the flooded season. Anaerobic oxidation of methane possibly existed in soil Loess during the flooded season.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771288)National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFE0109800)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2012031),Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Dissimilarity nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)is of significance in agriculture ecosystems as the process is beneficial to N retention in soils.However,how fertilization regimes influence DNRA rates and functional microbes in agriculture was rarely estimated.In the present study,a 2-year pot experiment was conducted in two contrasting paddy soils to evaluate the effects of straw and nitrogen addition on DNRA process and the related functional microbes,using stable isotope tracer and molecular ecology techniques.The results showed that the abundance and transcription activity of nitrite reductase encoding gene(nrfA)involved in DNRA process and DNRA rates were significantly higher in alkaline soils than in acidic soils.Straw incorporation significantly enhanced nrfA gene abundance and transcription activity,with a greater effect in alkaline soil than in acidic soil.The rates of DNRA,abundance and transcription activity of nrfA gene positively correlated to soil C/N and C/NO_(3)^(-) induced by straw application.Sequencing analysis based on nrfA gene transcript showed that Deltaproteobacteria was the most dominant group in both soil types(30.9%-67.4%),while Gammaproteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria were selectively enriched by straw incorporation.These results demonstrated that DNRA activity can be improved by straw return practice in paddy soils while the effect will vary among soil types due to differentiated functional microbial communities and edaphic properties.
文摘以五常、常熟和雅安水稻土为研究对象,通过室内泥浆培养,利用基于膜进样质谱仪(Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer,MIMS)的15N示踪技术,探究了温度、pH、NO_(3)^(–)浓度、C/N、Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度对三种水稻土反硝化和硝酸根异化还原成铵(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)速率及二者占硝酸根还原过程相对贡献的影响。结果表明,在所研究的稻田土壤中,反硝化是NO_(3)^(–)异化还原过程的主导途径,占比87.97%~91.73%,而DNRA仅占8.27%~12.03%。反硝化和DNRA速率随温度升高均呈指数增长,且DNRA占NO_(3)^(–)异化还原的比例(RDNRA)也随温度升高呈增长趋势。反硝化和DNRA速率分别在pH为7或者8.5时最高,相对于碱性环境(4.92%~14.67%),酸性环境中RDNRA(6.24%~15.56%)更高。反硝化和DNRA速率与NO_(3)^(–)浓度之间关系符合米氏方程,且反硝化的最大速率(Vmax)和米氏常数(Km)均大于DNRA。与未加碳源对照组相比,C/N为2.5时,反硝化速率显著提高了22%~35%;C/N大于2.5时,DNRA速率显著提高了74%~199%。三种土壤中,Fe^(2+)添加和S2–添加处理中呈现出类似的趋势,均在低浓度电子供体(即Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度分别为300~500μmol·L^(-1)和50~62.5μmol·L^(-1))时呈现出最高的反硝化速率,而DNRA速率达到峰值则需要更高浓度的电子供体(即Fe^(2+)和S2–浓度分别为800~1000μmol·L^(-1)和100~125μmol·L^(-1))。综上可知,环境因子可显著影响NO_(3)^(–)异化还原过程的速率及分配,其中高温、高C/N、高浓度Fe^(2+)和S2–有利于更多的NO_(3)^(–)分配给DNRA过程,而高浓度NO_(3)^(–)会提高NO_(3)^(–)向反硝化过程的分配。上述研究结果深化了对水稻土NO3–异化还原过程分配的认识,对于探寻潜在农学措施提高DNRA过程的分配比例,进而提高土壤中氮素的固持和提高稻田氮肥利用率具有重要的科学意义。
文摘试验以模拟生物滞留系统为研究对象,运用^(15)N同位素示踪技术研究土壤不同氧化还原电位(Eh)和p H条件下硝酸盐异化还原为氨(DNRA)作用对氮的去除效果。结果表明:在土壤Eh为225~100 m V、0^-120 m V和-225^-340 m V条件下,随着Eh的降低,硝酸盐异化还原为氨(DNRA)作用增强;生物滞留系统中同时存在反硝化反应和DNRA作用,在0^-120 m V区间,更有利于反硝化作用的发生;在-225^-340 m V区间,更有利于DNRA作用的发生;生物滞留系统土壤p H为5~7的条件下,DNRA作用效果随着p H的增加而增强;在p H为7~9时,DNRA作用效果随着p H的增加而减弱;表明DNRA作用易在中性偏碱性的环境下发生。
文摘反硝化(Denitrification,DNF)和硝酸盐异化还原为氨(Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium,DNRA)是硝酸盐异养还原的2个主要途径.反硝化被认为是彻底去除水体氮负荷的主要过程;而硝酸盐异化还原为氨则将水体中的硝态氮转化为氨氮.2个过程均以硝酸盐为电子受体,并存在相互竞争关系.这2个过程的研究对理解湿地氮转化以及指导湿地氮污染修复具有重要意义.运用无扰动沉积物柱样流动培养、15NO-3-N同位素示踪实验,并采用氨氧化-膜接口质谱仪联用(OX/MIMS)测定氨氮同位素产物的方法,对鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地、巢湖重污染河流湿地、巢湖重污染湖泊湿地3种类型湿地沉积物-水界面的硝酸盐异养还原过程进行研究,结果表明存在显著差异.3种类型湿地DNF速率的范围为(6.36±2.57)^(99.98±14.05)μmol/(m2·h),DNRA速率的范围为(0.51±0.45)^(79.82±6.08)μmol/(m2·h).在3种类型湿地中,随着氮污染程度加重,DNF和DNRA速率均显著增加,且DNRA过程在总的硝态氮异养还原中所占的比重不断增大,说明较高的硝酸盐负荷、较高的沉积物有机质含量更有利于DNRA过程的竞争.而对反硝化方式的进一步研究发现,巢湖重污染河流、湖泊湿地主要以非耦合反硝化为主导过程,而鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地则更倾向于以硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化为主.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30390080 and 30390081).
文摘Specific management of water regimes, soil and N in China might play an important role in regulating N2O and CH4 emissions in rice fields. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from alternate non-flooded/flooded paddies were monitored simultaneously during a 516-day incubation with lysimeter experiments. Two N sources (15N-(NH4)2SO4 and 15N-labeled milk vetch) were applied to two contrasting paddies: one derived from Xiashu loess (Loess) and one from Quaternary red clay (Clay). Both N2O and CH4 emissions were significantly higher in soil Clay than in soil Loess during the flooded period. For both soil, N2O emissions peaked at the transition periods shortly after the beginning of the flooded and non-flooded seasons. Soil type affected N2O emission patterns. In soil Clay, the emission peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions was much higher than the peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions. In soil Loess, the emission peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions was obviously higher than the peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions except for milk vetch treatment. Soil type also had a significant effect on CH4 emissions during the flooded season, over which the weighted average flux was 111 mg C m-2 h-1 and 2.2 mg C m-2 h-1 from Clay and Loess, respectively. Results indicated that it was the transition in the water regime that dominated N2O emissions while it was the soil type that dominated CH4 emissions during the flooded season. Anaerobic oxidation of methane possibly existed in soil Loess during the flooded season.
