High-Precision DOA Estimation Method Based on Synthetic Aperture Technique

The existing direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation methods only utilize the current received signals,which are susceptible to noise.In this paper,a method for DOA estimation based on a motion platform is proposed to achieve high-precision DOA estimation by utilizing past and present signals.The concept of synthetic aperture is introduced to construct a linear DOA estima-tion model.A DOA fine-tuning method based on the linear model is proposed to eliminate the lin-ear DOA variation,achieving a non-coherent accumulation of DOA estimations.Moreover,the baseband modulation and the phase modulation caused by the range history are compensated to achieve the coherent accumulation of all the DOA estimations.Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the DOA estimated accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios(SNR).

DOA estimation of high-dimensional signals based on Krylov subspace and weighted l_(1)-norm

With the extensive application of large-scale array antennas,the increasing number of array elements leads to the increasing dimension of received signals,making it difficult to meet the real-time requirement of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation due to the computational complexity of algorithms.Traditional subspace algorithms require estimation of the covariance matrix,which has high computational complexity and is prone to producing spurious peaks.In order to reduce the computational complexity of DOA estimation algorithms and improve their estimation accuracy under large array elements,this paper proposes a DOA estimation method based on Krylov subspace and weighted l_(1)-norm.The method uses the multistage Wiener filter(MSWF)iteration to solve the basis of the Krylov subspace as an estimate of the signal subspace,further uses the measurement matrix to reduce the dimensionality of the signal subspace observation,constructs a weighted matrix,and combines the sparse reconstruction to establish a convex optimization function based on the residual sum of squares and weighted l_(1)-norm to solve the target DOA.Simulation results show that the proposed method has high resolution under large array conditions,effectively suppresses spurious peaks,reduces computational complexity,and has good robustness for low signal to noise ratio(SNR)environment.

基于二阶统计特性的方向向量估计算法的DOA估计

为了减小天线阵流形误差对波达方向(DOA)估计结果的影响,以及克服基于传统盲源分离算法的DOA估计算法不能应用于少通道测向设备的不足,提出一种基于2阶统计特性的方向向量估计算法的DOA估计算法。首先,根据确定性最大似然(DML)估计算法谱函数的特征,构造关于协方差矩阵的酉约束下的优化问题;然后,通过优化该问题获得各个单信号的实际方向向量;最后,将各个单信号的实际方向向量输入到空间谱算法中实现DOA估计。由于将多信号的DOA估计转化为多个单信号的DOA估计,因此在天线阵列流形存在误差时,所提算法比传统的DOA方法具有更好的DOA估计性能。由于所提算法仅需使用协方差矩阵,因此所提算法可应用于少通道测向设备。由仿真实验结果可知,在阵列流形存在误差以及测向设备为少通道测向设备时,与传统DOA方法相比,所提算法的DOA估计的准确度、抗扰度以及分辨率更高。

阵元失效下稀疏阵列的二维DOA估计算法

本文针对二维稀疏阵列在阵元失效条件下,因数据缺失导致虚拟阵列连续性被破坏及自由度下降的问题,提出了一种二维DOA估计算法。首先基于二维差分共阵构建虚拟阵列,然后利用解耦原子范数最小化理论,以矩阵填充的形式恢复协方差矩阵数据,实现对虚拟阵列中丢失虚拟阵元的内插,最后采用SS-MUSIC算法进行多信源的二维DOA估计。所提方法弥补了物理阵元失效所造成的影响,恢复了原始虚拟阵列的完整孔径特性,保持了虚拟阵列的自由度,从而确保了较高精度的二维DOA估计性能。仿真实验结果表明,在相同阵元数量及阵元失效情况下,本文提出的算法相比已有方法能有效地估计更多信源,并在小快拍数和低信噪比条件下表现出更高的稳健性,最大限度地保留并利用了稀疏阵列在二维DOA估计中的自由度优势。

一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的离网DOA估计算法

本文提出一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的改进离网DOA估计算法,以提升非理想测向环境下在低信噪比、低快拍数时的DOA估计性能,称之为MOGSBL算法。本算法将信号源方位区间进行离散化,得到方位离散网格。为阵列接收信号建立稀疏贝叶斯模型,将网格节点修正量设为模型超参数。采用期望最大化算法迭代更新网格节点修正量,使更新后的网格节点更接近真实源信号方位。为了检验MOGSBL算法的性能,本文进行了大量的数值实验,并将MOGSBL算法的DOA估计结果与RSBL算法、OGSBL算法和L1-SVD算法进行对比。在不同信噪比和不同快拍数时,MOGSBL算法均能清晰分辨方位很接近的两个信号源,角度分辨率明显高于RSBL算法、OGSBL算法和L1-SVD算法。随着信噪比和快拍数的增加,4种算法的RMSE均逐渐减小。但MOGSBL算法的RMSE明显低于RSBL算法、OGSBL算法和L1-SVD算法,且RSBL算法、OGSBL算法优于L1-SVD算法。实验还分析了方向测试范围的离散网格节点数对DOA估计的影响,发现细密的离散网格可以提高DOA估计精度,但DOA估计的计算量会增加。且在任意网格节点数时,相比于RSBL算法、OGSBL算法和L1-SVD算法,本文的MOGSBL算法均具有最低的RMSE和最短的计算时间。

大间距均匀阵列抗模糊DOA估计实验研究

在波达方向(DOA)估计中,当接收天线阵列的单元间距大于入射信号载波的半波长时,会出现阵列流形模糊,这对分辨真实的信号DOA带来了挑战。该文基于子阵级大间距均匀双线极化阵列,提出通过随机改变每个子阵中某个单元的极化状态,使不同子阵对应的导向矢量相互独立,从而打破大间距均匀阵列下导向矢量间的线性关系,并抑制阵列流形模糊。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可有效去除多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法空间谱中的伪峰,实现高精度DOA估计。

基于复合阵列的矩阵循环重构DOA估计算法

相干源角度估计一直是困扰雷达角度测量的一个重要难题,基于均匀阵列假设提出了模式空间解相干算法,一定程度上解决了相干干扰条件下的目标角度估计问题,但是上述算法对复合阵列的适应性较差。针对复合阵列下相干多源测角问题,本文提出一种基于模式空间循环重构的解相关算法,利用圆阵外其他任意天线赋形空域滤波特性,在信号源数多于阵元数时较好地解决相干源角度估计问题。仿真试验结果表明,该算法能较好地解决复合阵列天线下的相干源测角问题,并且其角分辨性能优于传统算法。

基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在阵元故障时虚拟阵列输出数据矩阵会出现大量的整行数据丢失,由于阵列接收数据矩阵的不完整而导致对波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)的估计性能恶化。大多数低秩矩阵填充算法要求缺失数据随机分布于不完整的矩阵中,无法适用于整行缺失数据的恢复问题。为此,提出了一种基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)降低虚拟阵列输出矩阵的维度,以减少计算复杂度。然后,对降维数据矩阵建立基于块Hankel矩阵正则化的低秩矩阵填充模型,在该模型中将MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵排列成块Hankel矩阵并施加Schatten-p范数作为正则项。最后,结合交替方向乘子法(Alternate Direction Multiplier Method,ADMM)求解该模型,获得完整的MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效恢复降维数据矩阵中的整行数据缺失,具有较高的DOA估计精度和实时性,在阵元故障率低于50.0%时DOA估计精度优于现有方法。

基于稀疏恢复的快速高精度DOA估计算法

传统的基于稀疏恢复的波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计算法使用密集的采样网格,导致计算量显著增加,且对邻近入射信号的估计精度不高。针对这一问题,提出一种快速高精度DOA估计算法。该算法首先使用网格进化方法降低网格点总数。然后,对噪声方差和信号功率进行二次估计,进而使用离网求根稀疏贝叶斯学习(off-grid root sparse Bayesian learning,OGRSBL)技术来实现入射角的精确估计。仿真表明,相比传统稀疏贝叶斯学习类算法,所提算法计算效率高,同时对紧邻信号有着更好的估计能力。

范数在稀疏重构类DOA估计领域的应用

本文主要探讨了基于稀疏重构理论的DOA估计方法,以及利用范数进行稀疏性约束的优化方法.

Improved Capon Estimator for High-Resolution DOA Estimation and Its Statistical Analysis

Despite some efforts and attempts have been made to improve the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation performance of the standard Capon beamformer(SCB)in array processing,rigorous statistical performance analyses of these modified Capon estimators are still lacking.This paper studies an improved Capon estimator(ICE)for estimating the DOAs of multiple uncorrelated narrowband signals,where the higherorder inverse(sample)array covariance matrix is used in the Capon-like cost function.By establishing the relationship between this nonparametric estimator and the parametric and classic subspace-based MUSIC(multiple signal classification),it is clarified that as long as the power order of the inverse covariance matrix is increased to reduce the influence of signal subspace components in the ICE,the estimation performance of the ICE becomes equivalent to that of the MUSIC regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).Furthermore the statistical performance of the ICE is analyzed,and the large-sample mean-squared-error(MSE)expression of the estimated DOA is derived.Finally the effectiveness and the theoretical analysis of the ICE are substantiated through numerical examples,where the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRB)is used to evaluate the validity of the derived asymptotic MSE expression.

基于稀疏度自适应变步长的离格DOA估计方法

网格划分产生的量化误差是影响信源定位估计性能的一个重要缺陷。针对目前Lp类离格算法计算量大以及需要提前预知稀疏度的问题,提出了一种稀疏度自适应变步长的离格波达方向定位方法。首先根据一阶泰勒展开构建基于角度优化的离格参数模型,以残差能量的变化作为预估稀疏度K的条件。然后利用噪声子空间与信号子空间正交性作为原子误差入选判定依据,利用交替迭代优化方法实现离格模型下的准确求解。所提方法结合了贪婪算法支撑集选取策略与阵列协方差矩阵的有效信息。仿真实验表明,在满足稀疏性条件下,所提方法不仅大大缩短运算时间,而且可以实现空域角度范围内任意角度的精确估计。

Computationally efficient MUSIC based DOA estimation algorithm for FMCW radar

This paper proposes low-cost yet high-accuracy direction of arrival(DOA)estimation for the automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMcW)radar.The existing subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms suffer fromeither high computational costs or low accuracy.We aim to solve such contradictory relation between complexity and accuracy by using randomizedmatrix approximation.Specifically,we apply an easily-interpretablerandomized low-rank approximation to the covariance matrix(CM)and R∈C^(M×M)throughthresketch maties in the fom of R≈OBQ^(H).Here the approximately compute its subspaces.That is,we first approximate matrix Q∈C^(M×z)contains the orthonormal basis for the range of the sketchmatrik C∈C^(M×z)cwe whichis etrated fom R using randomized unifom counsampling and B∈C^(z×z)is a weight-matrix reducing the approximation error.Relying on such approximation,we are able to accelerate the subspacecomputation by the orders of the magnitude without compromising estimation accuracy.Furthermore,we drive a theoretical error bound for the suggested scheme to ensure the accuracy of the approximation.As validated by the simulation results,the DOA estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm,eficient multiple signal classification(E-MUSIC)s high,closely tracks standardMUSIC,and outperforms the well-known algorithms with tremendouslyreduced time complexity.Thus,the devised method can realize high-resolutionreal-time target detection in the emerging multiple input and multiple output(MIMO)automotive radar systems.

基于改进SP算法的多目标DOA估计方法

稀疏重构类算法在雷达目标参数估计中的应用一直是近年来的热门,但由于稀疏重构类算法的局限性,在进行目标波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计时受到原子间的互相影响,从而使多目标测角精度降低。针对此问题,提出一种基于信号分离迭代思想的松弛子空间追踪算法。首先求出回波信号与归一化后字典矩阵相关性最强的多个原子作为初步估计值,再利用初步估计的角度构建代价函数,反复估计直至代价函数收敛。仿真结果表明,所提算法减小了目标个数和相位差的影响,提高了多目标DOA估计的测角精度,同时相较于传统的松弛算法减少了运算量。

基于可分离替代函数算法的DOA估计方法

针对现有波达方向估计(Direction of Arrival, DOA)算法在低信噪比、多信源条件下估计精度不足、效率低等问题,提出了一种基于可分离替代函数算法的矢量水听器阵列多快拍DOA估计方法.首先对空域等角度均匀划分,构造出超完备冗余字典,建立信号多快拍数据在空域的稀疏表示模型,然后采用可分离替代函数算法思想解决稀疏重构问题,求解出信号在空域的稀疏系数矩阵,最后将稀疏矩阵中行向量的范数映射到空域网格上,得到DOA估计值.仿真实验表明:该方法在低信噪比、多信源条件下拥有比子空间类算法、贪婪类算法以及现有凸优化类估计算法更高的DOA估计精度和更强的鲁棒性,与同类算法相比执行效率更高.

DOA and Subarray-Interval Estimation for Arbitrarily Distributed UAV Swarm System

In this paper,DOA and subarray-interval estimation are considered and applied to arbitrarily distributed unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm system,in which multiple small UAVs containing uniform linear array(ULA)are divided by unknown intervals because of dynamic moving.Three parameters are taken to indicate the steering vector,namely,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of target users,the intervals of UAVs,and the orientation angles of UAVs.The orientation angles are first estimated with an auxiliary user and the DOAs are obtained through a search free rooting method,despite the intervals among the UAVs.Afterwards,the intervals among UAVs can also be calculated via exhaustive when the number of target users are no less than three.We further develop a low-complex method to reduce the computational complexity during subarray-interval estimation.The deterministic Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)of the DOA,orientation angle and subarray-interval can be inferred in a closed form.Eventually,numerical instances are cited to verify the research results.

Exploration on 2D DOA Estimation of Linear Array Motion:Uniform Linear Motion

Generally,due to the limitation of the dimension of the array aperture,linear arrays cannot achieve two-dimensional(2D)direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.But the emergence of array motion provides a chance for that.In this paper,a generalized motion scheme and a novel method of 2D DOA estimation are proposed by exploring the linear array motion.To be specific,the linear arrays are controlled to move along an arbitrary direction at a constant velocity and snap per fixed time delay.All the received signals are processed to synthesize the comprehensive observation vector for an extended 2D virtual aperture.Subsequently,since most of 2D DOA estimation methods are not universal to our proposed motion scheme and the reduced-dimensional(RD)method fails to handle the case of the coupled parameters,a decoupled reduced-complexity multiple signals classification(DRC MUSIC)algorithm is designed specifically.Simulation results demonstrate that:a)our proposed scheme can achieve underdetermined 2D DOA estimation just by the linear arrays;b)our designed DRC MUSIC algorithm has the good properties of high accuracy and low complexity;c)our proposed motion scheme with the DRC method has better universality in the motion direction.

基于稀疏线阵协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法研究

相比均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array,ULA),相同阵元数目下稀疏线阵(Sparse Linear Array,SLA)的抗耦合效应更好,阵列孔径更大,到达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的自由度(Degrees Of Freedom,DOF)更高,因而近年来得到了广泛的研究。为了可以进行高DOF的DOA估计,学者们开始研究SLA的差分虚拟阵元,差分虚拟阵元对应的协方差矩阵相比原阵元对应的协方差矩阵维度更大,因而估计的DOF更高。当SLA的差分虚拟阵元连续取值时,可以利用已有阵元的接收信息,得到SLA的协方差矩阵,在该矩阵的基础之上构建差分虚拟阵元的协方差矩阵进而进行DOA估计。然而,当SLA的差分虚拟阵元存在孔洞时,即差分虚拟阵元不能连续取值时,不能直接利用重构的协方差矩阵进行DOA估计,需要恢复完全增广协方差矩阵的信息再进行DOA估计。对于该问题,本文基于矢量化后原协方差矩阵和虚拟差分阵协方差矩阵的误差分布情况,并结合完全增广协方差矩阵的低秩特性和半正定特性来构建优化问题。通过求解该问题来恢复维度更高的完全增广协方差矩阵。最后对该矩阵进行奇异值分解,利用多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)算法就可以获得多源的空间谱。本文最后通过数值仿真试验验证了所提算法可以实现高DOF的DOA估计,并且相比于现有算法,本文所提算法对欠定DOA估计的效果更好,多源DOA估计的精度更高,产生的误差更小。

改进的变分稀疏贝叶斯学习离格DOA估计方法

为提高阵列信号处理运算速率,改善其方位估计性能,提出了一种改进变分稀疏贝叶斯学习离格波达方向(direction-of-arrival, DOA)估计方法。该方法利用实值变换,将向量化后的接收信号协方差矩阵转化到实数域,结合变分稀疏贝叶斯学习和网格演化的思想,在迭代过程中使网格从初始的均匀网格自适应地演化为非均匀网格,通过网格更新和网格裂变交替迭代使演化后的网格点逐渐逼近真实信源方位。仿真结果表明,改进方法与传统压缩感知类方法相比,减小了运算量,提高了运算速率,且具有更高的方位估计精度和方位分辨能力,在少快拍和低信噪比情况下,改进方法性能提升的优势更明显。湖上试验数据处理结果进一步验证了该方法的有效性和工程实用性。

基于矩阵分布式重构的正交极化阵DOA估计

对于子空间类算法而言,协方差矩阵估计的准确性将很大程度的影响到算法的性能,理想的协方差矩阵估计为无限长的信号运算得到,实际中大多使用有限快拍数的采样数据进行协方差矩阵估计。有学者研究表明,阵列协方差矩阵位于由接收信号的所有可能导向矢量构成的子空间中,可以利用子空间组成的完备重构矩阵对协方差矩阵进行重构,此类方法需要对阵列的所有可能接收信号进行积分,并获得由其主成分构成的重构矩阵。为了减小低快拍数和低信噪比下采样协方差矩阵误差,并降低其运算复杂度,提出了一种基于正交偶极子组成的均匀圆阵的采样协方差矩阵重构方法。将整体阵列划分为子阵1和子阵2,子阵内部仅存在空域相位差而没有极化敏感特性,子阵间空域相位差相同,极化敏感特性不同。并基于均匀圆阵的结构特点,给出了特殊的重构矩阵,特殊的重构矩阵不依赖信号特性,仅与圆阵结构相关,通过理论分析和仿真测试可以得到,特殊的重构矩阵在维度和复杂度方面均优于全角度域和极化域积分的重构矩阵。该方法将重构算法应用到了极化敏感阵列领域同时减少了运算的复杂度,通过后续对低信噪比和低快拍数的仿真测试表明,重构后的协方差矩阵可以有效提高信号子空间和理想噪声子空间的正交性,使用重构的协方差矩阵进行极化空间谱估计提高了在恶劣环境下的信源分辨力。