Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

Priority Based Energy Efficient MAC Protocol by Varying Data Ratefor Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so on.They sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)Coordinator.The main challenge for the WBAN is energy consumption.These issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network lifetime.The purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 standard.In our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the data.We gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy efficiency.The proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node similarity.As an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data Rates(MVDR).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDR performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio.

DNBP-CCA:A Novel Approach to Enhancing Heterogeneous Data Traffic and Reliable Data Transmission for Body Area Network

The increased adoption of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technologies has resulted in the widespread use ofBody Area Networks (BANs) in medical and non-medical domains. However, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4-based BANs is impacted by challenges related to heterogeneous data traffic requirements among nodes, includingcontention during finite backoff periods, association delays, and traffic channel access through clear channelassessment (CCA) algorithms. These challenges lead to increased packet collisions, queuing delays, retransmissions,and the neglect of critical traffic, thereby hindering performance indicators such as throughput, packet deliveryratio, packet drop rate, and packet delay. Therefore, we propose Dynamic Next Backoff Period and Clear ChannelAssessment (DNBP-CCA) schemes to address these issues. The DNBP-CCA schemes leverage a combination ofthe Dynamic Next Backoff Period (DNBP) scheme and the Dynamic Next Clear Channel Assessment (DNCCA)scheme. The DNBP scheme employs a fuzzy Takagi, Sugeno, and Kang (TSK) model’s inference system toquantitatively analyze backoff exponent, channel clearance, collision ratio, and data rate as input parameters. Onthe other hand, the DNCCA scheme dynamically adapts the CCA process based on requested data transmission tothe coordinator, considering input parameters such as buffer status ratio and acknowledgement ratio. As a result,simulations demonstrate that our proposed schemes are better than some existing representative approaches andenhance data transmission, reduce node collisions, improve average throughput, and packet delivery ratio, anddecrease average packet drop rate and packet delay.

Integration of Multiple Spectral Data via a Logistic Regression Algorithm for Detection of Crop Residue Burned Areas:A Case Study of Songnen Plain,Northeast China

The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate estimation of cropland burned area is both crucial and challenging,especially for the small and fragmented burned scars in China.Here we developed an automated burned area mapping algorithm that was implemented using Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI)data and its effectiveness was tested taking Songnen Plain,Northeast China as a case using satellite image of 2020.We employed a logistic regression method for integrating multiple spectral data into a synthetic indicator,and compared the results with manually interpreted burned area reference maps and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)MCD64A1 burned area product.The overall accuracy of the single variable logistic regression was 77.38%to 86.90%and 73.47%to 97.14%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively.In comparison,the accuracy of the burned area map was improved to 87.14%and 98.33%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively by multiple variable logistic regression of Sentind-2 images.The balance of omission error and commission error was also improved.The integration of multiple spectral data combined with a logistic regression method proves to be effective for burned area detection,offering a highly automated process with an automatic threshold determination mechanism.This method exhibits excellent extensibility and flexibility taking the image tile as the operating unit.It is suitable for burned area detection at a regional scale and can also be implemented with other satellite data.

东海OBN和三维DAS-VSP数据的联合采集与处理方法研究

近年来,光纤传感技术已经应用于地面地震数据、海洋地震数据、井中地震数据和井地联合地震数据的采集,推动了光纤传感技术在地球物理特别是地震数据采集中的应用。井地或井海联合地震勘探是陆地或海洋三维地震与三维DAS-VSP勘探相结合形成的三维立体地震勘探方法,利用井海联采的三维DAS-VSP数据,可以获得地下井周围准确的时深关系、地层速度、反褶积算子、球面扩散补偿因子、吸收衰减因子、各向异性参数和井筒周围的高分辨率构造成像,这些参数可以基于井驱处理提高陆地或海洋三维地震数据的处理质量。在中国东海某OBN数据勘探中首次开展了井下套管内铠装光缆同步采集的三维DAS-VSP数据的处理方法研究以及成像处理。首先,采用常规的三维VSP数据成像处理技术对三维DAS-VSP数据进行常规处理,具体处理流程包括:观测系统定义、预处理、初至拾取、静校正、振幅补偿、反褶积、波场分离、速度分析与建模和利用上行反射波进行井周围地层的构造成像;然后,再根据海上三维DAS-VSP数据下行多次波的特点,研发了海上三维DAS-VSP数据的下行多次波成像技术,扩展了三维DAS-VSP数据成像范围,提高了三维DAS-VSP数据成像的整体质量。与本工区早期的三维OBC数据成像结果相比,本次三维DAS-VSP数据的下行多次波成像结果表明,井周围三维构造成像质量得到了显著改进,大幅度扩展了成像范围;新采集的OBN数据和三维DAS-VSP数据的成像结果展示了更为详细和较高分辨率的构造成像,基于新的成像资料,对储层顶部和储层内流体的识别与追踪变得更加容易和清晰。井海联采技术生产效率高且成本低,既能快速获得三维DAS-VSP数据及成像,还能对三维海洋地震数据进行井驱提高分辨率处理。此外,三维OBN或OBC数据和三维DAS-VSP数据还能够进行融合处理,实现井地或井海同步采集数据的联合偏移成像,可以大幅度提高三维海洋地震数据的成像品质,值得在有条件的地方推广应用。

基于“脑肠轴理论”探讨龟羚帕安丸对PD大鼠纹状体DA及血清CCK、VIP水平影响的研究

目的:基于“脑肠轴理论”探讨龟羚帕安丸对PD大鼠纹状体裂解液多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)、血清胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)及血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)水平的影响。方法:采用6-羟基多巴胺注射法制作PD大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、西药组、中药高、中、低剂量组,每组15只,另设15只假手术组。模型组及假手术组给予等容积生理盐水灌胃,其余组给予相应药物灌胃,连续给药4周。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测纹状体裂解液DA及血清CCK、VIP水平。结果:模型组大鼠纹状体DA、血清CCK及VIP水平显著降低;中药各剂量组、西药组大鼠纹状体DA、血清CCK及VIP水平明显均增加(P<0.01)。结论:龟羚帕安丸具有明显神经保护作用,作用机制与激活脑肠轴、增加血清CCK及VIP水平、增加中脑黑质纹状体DA的水平、发挥改善肠道功能作用有关。

采用非稳相偏振滤波的DAS-VSP数据P/S波分离方法及其应用

分布式光纤声学传感(DAS)因成本低、易布设以及高密度采样等优势正成为重要的地震观测技术,尤其是越来越多地与垂直地震剖面(VSP)结合,用于主动地震勘探或被动地震监测.DAS传感器通过感知弹性波场产生的轴向应变或应变速率来观测地震波场振动.然而,目前单分量DAS-VSP数据未完整地记录地下弹性波场的三维矢量振动信号,因此如何从中分离出P波或S波用于后续地震成像与参数反演是重要且很有挑战的课题.以弹性波传播理论为基础,本文根据P波和S波的频散关系估算接收点处各自的偏振方向,通过随频率和空间位置变化的偏振滤波实现DAS-VSP数据的P/S波分离.理论模型合成数据与东海实际DAS-VSP数据实验结果表明,该方法能有效地将P波和S波信号从单分量DAS-VSP数据中分离出来,可为后续纵横波速度反演、PP与PS波成像提供关键的数据预条件处理.

Multi-source Data-driven Identification of Urban Functional Areas:A Case of Shenyang,China

Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.

Chemical Composition of Sphyraena barracuda with Different Area, Size and Season, in Sudanese Red Sea Coast

This study aims to determine the effect of area, size and season on chemical composition of Sphyraena barracuda from Sudanese Red Sea Coast. A total of 180 fish samples were collected from Port Sudan and Sawakin fishing sites during the winter and summer of 2020-2021. The fishes sample ranged between (30 - 50) cm in total length and (250 - 1000) gm in body weight of small size, and ranged between (60 - 90) cm in total length and (1250 - 250) gm in body weight for large size. Fish flesh was subject to gross chemical analysis. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, acidity and pH were determined. The results indicated a significant effect by area, season and size. The different areas had a significant effect on crude protein and ash;higher parameter value is found in Sawakin. Higher chemical parameters were showed in winter than in summer. Also, size had a significant effect in all parameters (except moisture), fat and ash were high in large size. The study has concluded that the large size fishes of S. barracuda with high nutritional value when caught in winter from the southern region of Sawakin.

Insights into the long-term stability of landslide dams on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China——A case study of the Diexi area

Landslide dams,especially long-term stable landslide dams,have been recognized as important contributors to regional geomorphological evolution.Here,the Diexi area,a long-term stable dam-prone area located in upstream of the Minjiang River on the eastern Tibetan Plateau,was adopted to reveal reasons that landslide dams are concentrated in this area and maintain long-term stability via detailed field investigations,landslide dam sampling,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)images,and digital surface models(DSM).The results show the controlling factors that the slopes are prone to sliding and rock mass structure deterioration including lithological combination mode,slope structure,topographic conditions,a series of NNE-trending radial fissures and hydrological conditions.Fault activities,which have caused many earthquakes,are the main inducing factor.Landslide dams are prone to occurrence in the Diexi area owing to the combined effect of the narrow channels,the large landslide dam volume and the rock fragments.The river flow,and the landslide dam volume,material,structure,and parameters control the stability of landslide dams.The landslide dam consists of various sizes of boulders and all landslide dams exhibit an obvious inverse grading sequence,and this size combination could consume most of the flow energy,and consequently protect the dam from incision.Additionally,a total of seven knickpoints were formed by landslide dams,and the longitudinal gradient upstream of every landslide dam was found to decrease by the action of knickpoint.In the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,there are numerous landslide dams existed for hundreds or thousands of years.Studies on the long-term stable landslide dams in the Diexi area could provide experience for studying similar kinds of landslide dams in this region.

Data reliability of the emerging citizen science in the Greater Bay Area of China

The potential of citizen science projects in research has been increasingly acknowledged,but the substantial engagement of these projects is restricted by the quality of citizen science data.Based on the largest emerging citizen science project in the country-Birdreport Online Database(BOD),we examined the biases of birdwatching data from the Greater Bay Area of China.The results show that the sampling effort is disparate among land cover types due to contributors’ preference towards urban and suburban areas,indicating the environment suitable for species existence could be underrepresented in the BOD data.We tested the contributors’ skill of species identification via a questionnaire targeting the citizen birders in the Greater Bay Area.The questionnaire show that most citizen birdwatchers could correctly identify the common species widely distributed in Southern China and the less common species with conspicuous morphological characteristics,while failed to identify the species from Alaudidae;Caprimulgidae,Emberizidae,Phylloscopidae,Scolopacidae and Scotocercidae.With a study example,we demonstrate that spatially clustered bird watching visits can cause underestimation of species richness in insufficiently sampled areas;and the result of species richness mapping is sensitive to the contributors’ skill of identifying bird species.Our results address how avian research can be influenced by the reliability of citizen science data in a region of generally high accessibility,and highlight the necessity of pre-analysis scrutiny on data reliability regarding to research aims at all spatial and temporal scales.To improve the data quality,we suggest to equip the data collection frame of BOD with a flexible filter for bird abundance,and questionnaires that collect information related to contributors’ bird identification skill.Statistic modelling approaches are encouraged to apply for correcting the bias of sampling effort.

Integrated Structure and Mineralization Study Using Aero-Magnetic, Aero-Spectrometric and Remote Sensing Data at Esh El-Mallaha Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt

The main scope of this research is to detect geologic structure trends affecting the study area, determine uranium anomalous areas and define alteration zones. Airborne magnetic data were used to detect the geologic structure trends affecting the study area through applying edge detectors such as total horizontal derivative, analytic signal and tilt derivative. The radio-spectrometry data and Landsat image data were used in determining the uranium anomalous areas and alteration zones. The integration between geology, magnetic and Landsat image was applied through constructing lineaments density map for the three data sets resulting in the leading of NW-SE trend all over the area. This integration makes clear that the basement (Red Sea hills), Esh El-mallaha range and G. Zeit are limiting two large basins (West Mallaha and Zeit). In addition, the main areas of uranium enrichment (Duwi formation at Esh El-Mallaha range) are found to be well related to alteration zones.

The trend of low fertility and aging in ethnic minority areas and the policy responses in China:An analysis based on data from the latest three censuses

Low fertility and population aging are important factors affecting economic and social development.From 2000 to 2020,the development of low fertility in ethnic minority areas shows three trends of accelerated declining,slow declining and first falling and then rising,which are the results of the balance between the inhibiting effect of controlling birth policy and the rapidly rising birth cost,and the promoting effect of encouraging birth policy on the fertility desire of social members.The development of aging in ethnic minority areas shows two trends of acceleration and deceleration,which are the results of the balance between the promoting effect of controlling birth policy,the outflow of young and middle-aged labor force and the rise of life expectancy,and the inhibiting effect of the encouraging birth policy,the restraint of talent return and talent introduction.Combined with the development degree of low fertility and aging,we can accurately classify and implement policies for different ethnic minority areas.The areas with serious low fertility and population aging problems need economic policies to change the population age structure as soon as possible.The areas with slight low fertility and population aging problems should carry out ideological policies in priority to maintain the benign structure of population age.

砂土含水率对DAS振幅响应影响的试验研究

利用分布式声波传感(DAS)技术和地下通讯光纤网进行周界安防(入侵)监控、管道泄漏监测、交通状况评估等是城市安全动态监测的新方向。为探究DAS监测过程中暗光纤周围岩土介质含水率变化对DAS振幅响应特性的影响,设计了小球撞击圆盘与小球直接撞击砂土面二种激振方式下五种质量含水率0%、5%、10%、15%和20%砂土的DAS振幅响应试验。试验结果表明:(1)小球自由下落撞击砂土面激发的振动信号和传感光纤圆环布设可提高DAS信噪比,试验装置可靠性高、试验结果重复性好;(2)受砂土似黏聚力和声波传播衰减两个因素共同影响,DAS信号振幅随砂土含水率变化存在一个临界含水率。当砂土含水率小于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而减小,而当砂土含水率大于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而增大;(3)因砂土似黏聚力作用和小球撞击时能量转化的差异,小球与砂土的接触形式对DAS振幅响应有显著影响。研究结果为城市地下工程安全动态DAS精细监测提供理论依据。

基于FloodArea模型的山西山谷地区暴雨洪涝灾害风险特征分析

基于1992—2021年降水观测数据和气象灾情数据,采用FloodArea模型对沁水经济技术开发区所在山谷地区不同重现期下的暴雨洪涝淹没范围进行模拟评估.结果表明:研究区所在地区不同重现期小时雨型呈多峰分布,山谷效应导致雨水汇流,淹没水深和面积增加,具有一定的暴雨洪涝风险;区内大部分淹没面积在10cm^(2)以下;内涝等级为一般性内涝风险(10~25cm)的淹没面积为0.48km^(2),主要呈散点状分布于研究区各片区;中度内涝风险(25~50cm)的淹没面积为0.41km^(2),主要呈散点状分布在端氏综合服务中心周围;严重内涝风险(50~80cm)的淹没面积较少,为0.32km^(2);特别严重内涝风险(>80cm)的淹没面积为4.74km^(2),主要集中分布于北部产业片区和南部产业片区的偏西地区.各重现期淹没风险较大的区域主要分布在各个片区内低洼地区,与实际灾情相符.

Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal

The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in Nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant.

Architecture as a Means of Developing Social Exchange:Learning from a Danish Case Study of Refurbishment and Urban Transformation in a Disadvantaged Housing Area

Disadvantaged housing areas from the postwar period typically consist of relatively monotonous and monofunctional multi-storey blocks and have a separate traffic system rendering the areas isolated enclaves in the urban fabric.It is argued that this spatial isolation contributes to social isolation,and current refurbishments are therefore aimed at linking the housing areas with the surrounding neighbourhoods to enable social exchange between the residents and people from the surrounding areas.Based on a case study in a Danish social housing area,this paper discusses to what extent architectural development and urban strategic transformations can contribute to enabling social exchange in disadvantaged housing areas.Do neighbours enter the disadvantaged housing area as intended?If so,how does this influence their perception of the housing area?The analysis shows that architectural development and urban transformations are interdependent in establishing a social mix in disadvantaged housing areas.It is argued that refurbishments can reduce the stigma surrounding the housing area and its residents.However,the applicability of such strategies is highly dependent on the local context of the housing area.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

基于Fe^(3+)-DA-APS自催化体系的Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米粒子为磁性组分,基于AA(丙烯酸)与部分Fe3O4反应产生的Fe3+、多巴胺(DA)构建双重自催化过硫酸铵(APS)的自由基聚合体系,在低温下制备了Fe_(3)O_(4)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)水凝胶,并对其进行表征。研究结果表明:Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶具有良好的力学性能,断裂伸长率、拉伸强度分别为900%、251.1 kPa;同时,其可较好粘附不同基材,在钢材上粘附-剥离循环20次后粘附强度仍稳定在30.7 kPa左右;此外,其还可感应极小形变,并在166 ms内快速响应。该Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶综合性能良好,具备应用于柔性传感器等领域的潜力。