To evaluate the impact of <em>Ceratina cyanea</em> on fruit and seed yields of sunflower, experimental field was set up from June to July in 2016 and 2017 at Dang. Observations were done on 540 capitula di...To evaluate the impact of <em>Ceratina cyanea</em> on fruit and seed yields of sunflower, experimental field was set up from June to July in 2016 and 2017 at Dang. Observations were done on 540 capitula divided in four treatments: two treatments differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection on capitula regarding<em> Ceratina cyanea</em> and other flowering insects’ visits;the third with capitula protected and uncovered when florets were opened, to allow <em>C. cyanea</em> visits and flowers bagged uncovered and rebagged without the visit of insects or any other organisms. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behavior on florets and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behavior on flowers and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results show that, <em>C. cyanea</em> foraged on <em>Helianthus annuus</em> flowers throughout its whole blooming period. Among 32 insect species recorded on <em>H. annuus</em> capitula, <em>C. cyanea</em> ranked second accounting for 10.79% all visits, after <em>Apis mellifera</em> (76.06%). On florets, individual bees intensely harvested nectar and slightly collected pollen. The mean duration of a visit per floret was 3.62 sec for nectar harvest and 9.58 sec for pollen collection. For the two years, through its pollination efficiency on <em>H. annuus</em>, <em>C. cyanea</em> has increased the fruiting rate by 65.90%, the percentage of fruit with seed by 63.56% and the percentage of normal seeds by 76.11%. Based on these results, we recommend the protection of <em>C. cyanea</em> nests at the vicinity of sunflower fields to increase its fruit and seed yields in the Adamaoua Region of Cameroon.展开更多
Objective To study the molecular biology mechanism of Danggui-buxue-tang on tonifying Qi and controlling blood circulation through modulation the immune functional genes.Methods Rats were randomly divided into control...Objective To study the molecular biology mechanism of Danggui-buxue-tang on tonifying Qi and controlling blood circulation through modulation the immune functional genes.Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,and Danggui-buxue-tang group.Effect of Dang-guibuxue-tang on mRNA expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,HSP-70,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK in blood cells of rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis were measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR at 5th,14th and 28th day.And that in artery wall were determined at the 28th day.NF-κB/p65 and p-c-jun protein expressions in rat artery wall were detected by western blotting as well.Results In model group,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB,HSP-70,p38MAPK and JNK mRNA expression in blood cell increased significantly compared with control group.Compared with model group,mRNA expression of IL-1βand JNK decreased significantly;TNF-α decreased at 5th,14th day;HSP-70,p38MAPK decreased at 14th,28th day;NF-κB decreased at 28th day.In model group,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK mRNA expression in artery increased compared with control group,excluded HSP-70,and that in Danggui-buxue-tang group decreased significantly.In model group,NF-κB/p65 and p-c-jun protein expression in artery increased compared with control group,and that in Danggui-buxue-tang group decreased significantly.Conclusions The effects of Dang-guibuxue-tang on Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was brought from the regulating of cytokine network at multi-link and multi-target,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK signal transduction pathways included.Through which the immune system and whole body reached to a functional balance status.展开更多
目前通行的《共产党宣言》中译本的“共产党宣言”5字是德文“Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei”的对译,其中,“共产党”3字对应于“Kommunistischen Partei”,“共产”2字对应于“Kommunistischen”,该德文词的完整意思应该是“...目前通行的《共产党宣言》中译本的“共产党宣言”5字是德文“Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei”的对译,其中,“共产党”3字对应于“Kommunistischen Partei”,“共产”2字对应于“Kommunistischen”,该德文词的完整意思应该是“共产主义的”;“党”字对应于“Partei”。另外,中译本中还有大量“共产党人”的译词,它们对应于德文“Kommunisten”,该德文词按当今中文习惯可以更准确地译为“共产主义者们”。《共产党宣言》中译本中的“党人”实际上是一个古汉语词汇,在这个文本的语境中就是现代汉语“者们”的意思。由于当今一般的中文阅读不用考虑“党人”的古义,因而读者就会很自然地把“共产党人”理解为“共产党”的“人(成员)”的意思。尽管这种理解也不错,但毕竟不够确切。解决问题的办法是:只有对于出现“Partei”的情况才使用“党”字去翻译。展开更多
文摘To evaluate the impact of <em>Ceratina cyanea</em> on fruit and seed yields of sunflower, experimental field was set up from June to July in 2016 and 2017 at Dang. Observations were done on 540 capitula divided in four treatments: two treatments differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection on capitula regarding<em> Ceratina cyanea</em> and other flowering insects’ visits;the third with capitula protected and uncovered when florets were opened, to allow <em>C. cyanea</em> visits and flowers bagged uncovered and rebagged without the visit of insects or any other organisms. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behavior on florets and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behavior on flowers and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results show that, <em>C. cyanea</em> foraged on <em>Helianthus annuus</em> flowers throughout its whole blooming period. Among 32 insect species recorded on <em>H. annuus</em> capitula, <em>C. cyanea</em> ranked second accounting for 10.79% all visits, after <em>Apis mellifera</em> (76.06%). On florets, individual bees intensely harvested nectar and slightly collected pollen. The mean duration of a visit per floret was 3.62 sec for nectar harvest and 9.58 sec for pollen collection. For the two years, through its pollination efficiency on <em>H. annuus</em>, <em>C. cyanea</em> has increased the fruiting rate by 65.90%, the percentage of fruit with seed by 63.56% and the percentage of normal seeds by 76.11%. Based on these results, we recommend the protection of <em>C. cyanea</em> nests at the vicinity of sunflower fields to increase its fruit and seed yields in the Adamaoua Region of Cameroon.
文摘Objective To study the molecular biology mechanism of Danggui-buxue-tang on tonifying Qi and controlling blood circulation through modulation the immune functional genes.Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,and Danggui-buxue-tang group.Effect of Dang-guibuxue-tang on mRNA expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,HSP-70,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK in blood cells of rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis were measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR at 5th,14th and 28th day.And that in artery wall were determined at the 28th day.NF-κB/p65 and p-c-jun protein expressions in rat artery wall were detected by western blotting as well.Results In model group,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB,HSP-70,p38MAPK and JNK mRNA expression in blood cell increased significantly compared with control group.Compared with model group,mRNA expression of IL-1βand JNK decreased significantly;TNF-α decreased at 5th,14th day;HSP-70,p38MAPK decreased at 14th,28th day;NF-κB decreased at 28th day.In model group,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK mRNA expression in artery increased compared with control group,excluded HSP-70,and that in Danggui-buxue-tang group decreased significantly.In model group,NF-κB/p65 and p-c-jun protein expression in artery increased compared with control group,and that in Danggui-buxue-tang group decreased significantly.Conclusions The effects of Dang-guibuxue-tang on Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was brought from the regulating of cytokine network at multi-link and multi-target,NF-κB,p38MAPK and JNK signal transduction pathways included.Through which the immune system and whole body reached to a functional balance status.
文摘目前通行的《共产党宣言》中译本的“共产党宣言”5字是德文“Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei”的对译,其中,“共产党”3字对应于“Kommunistischen Partei”,“共产”2字对应于“Kommunistischen”,该德文词的完整意思应该是“共产主义的”;“党”字对应于“Partei”。另外,中译本中还有大量“共产党人”的译词,它们对应于德文“Kommunisten”,该德文词按当今中文习惯可以更准确地译为“共产主义者们”。《共产党宣言》中译本中的“党人”实际上是一个古汉语词汇,在这个文本的语境中就是现代汉语“者们”的意思。由于当今一般的中文阅读不用考虑“党人”的古义,因而读者就会很自然地把“共产党人”理解为“共产党”的“人(成员)”的意思。尽管这种理解也不错,但毕竟不够确切。解决问题的办法是:只有对于出现“Partei”的情况才使用“党”字去翻译。
