Research progress on the anti-tumor effect of Codonopsis pilosula

Currently,the mortality rate of malignant tumors ranks second globally,surpassed only by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The treatment of malignant tumors poses a formidable challenge to both modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).To date,TCM has developed a substantial foundational theoretical understanding and accumulated significant clinical experience in combating tumors.According to TCM foundational theories,"Qi deficiency"is a critical symptom associated with cancer,and"fortifying the body's vitality while expelling pathogens"is the cornerstone of TCM's approach to tumor treatment and bodily balance.Codonopsis pilosula(CP),a Qi-invigorating herb,is known to invigorat the spleen,benefit the lungs,nourish the blood,and promote bodily fluids.It is often employed as a substitute for ginseng in clinical settings.Prolonged clinical observations have identified key active constituents of CP,such as Codonopsis polysaccharides,isoimperatorin,saponins,lobetyolin,sesquiterpene lactones,and muscone.These ingredients exhibit various therapeutic properties,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-infective,antioxidant,and hematopoiesis-enhancing effects.Additionally,when CP is combined with other TCM herbs like Astragalus and Atractylodes macrocephala,it bolsters the body's vital energy and rejuvenates both Qi and blood.CP can be used in combination with chemotherapy agents to mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Moreover,CP demonstrates potential in preventing precancerous lesions.This review summarizes recent research findings on the anti-tumor properties of CP,elucidates the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of its active components,provides a basis for promoting the utilization of CP resources and its active constituents,and offers insights for the research and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on Sexual Maturity of SD Female Rats

[Objectives] To study the effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on the growth and development of SD female rats. [Methods] The rats were randomly divided into control group,P. ginseng group,C. pilosula group,and P. heterophylla group,intragastrically administered with physiological saline,P. ginseng,C. pilosula,and P. heterophylla for 2 weeks,daily vaginal smear inspection was performed,estradiol( E_2) level before and after intervention was detected,rats were dissected,took out ovary and uterus,and calculated the ovarian index and uterus index. [Results]In 4 groups of rats,there was no significant difference in the time of sexual maturity and ovarian index; compared with the control group,E_2 level of C. pilosula group and P. ginseng group were higher( P < 0. 05);compared with the control group and P. heterophylla group,the ovarian index of P. ginseng group was higher( P < 0. 05); compared with the control group,the body weight of three administration groups increased much more( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] P. ginseng and C. pilosula may lead to sexual maturity of SD female rats,while P. ginseng,C. pilosula and P. heterophylla can promote increase of body weight of SD female rats.

Inspection Methods and Quality Grading Standards for Codonopsis pilosula Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six counties in Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The inspection methods of various indicators, such as purity, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, vitality and moisture content, were investigated in accordance with Rules for Agricultural Seed Testing （GB/T 3543.1-7, 1995）, to develop the appropriate quality inspection method for C. pilosula seeds. Based on the developed inspection method and procedures, the quality of 27 shares of C. pilosula seed samples from different regions was inspected, thus es- tablishing quality grading standards for C. pilosula seeds with K-center clustering method. [Result] C. pilosula seeds are suitable to be cultivated in cool regions. The optimal germination temperature was 25 ~C; the optimal germination bed was gauze bed; the optimal staining conditions were： staining temperature 40 ~, TTC concen- tration 0.5%, staining time 4 h. On the basis of cluster analysis, the quality of C. pilosula seeds could be divided into three grades according to five indicators, includ- ing the purity, 1 000-grain weight, moisture content, vitality, and germination rate. Specifically, vitality and germination rate were important factors of grading standards due to the significant differences, followed by purity, 1 000-grain weight and mois- ture content. [Conclusion] This study provided an important basis for standardized cultivation and industrial development of C. pilosula.

Protective effect and its mechanism of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on memory consolidation disorder induced by cycloheximide in mice

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.

Effects of Different Storage Methods and Storage Time on the Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When stored for 12 months,the extract content in the natural storage,conventional sealing,and controlled atmosphere storage was slightly lower than 77.32%before storage,and decreased by 2.82%,3.62%,and 1.71%,respectively.When stored for 18 months,the extract content was 74.14%,73.21%,and 72.08%,decreased by 4.11%,5.31%,and 6.78%,respectively compared with that before storage,all of which met the specified content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]The three storage times had significant effects on moisture and extract content of C.pilosula,but had no significant effects on atractylenolide III.With the extension of storage time,the moisture,extract,and content declined,so the storage time theoretically should not exceed 12 months.

Effects of Different Seedling Grades on Yield and Commercial Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further explore the yield increasing potential of Codonopsis pilosula, and to seek seedlings suitable for efficient production of C. pilosula. [Methods] The effects of C. pilosula seedlings of different sizes on root yield and commercial quality under different cultivation densities were studied. [Results] The fourth-grade seedlings had the least input, the highest yield of 6 948 kg/hm^2, the largest output-to-input ratio at 18.3, the highest root weight proportion of the second-grade product at 58.1%, and the lowest root weight proportion of the first-grade product at 17.6%. Considering the yield, quality and economic benefits comprehensively, the treatment of the fourth-grade seedlings(seedling diameter≤4 mm) is the best choice, and the suitable plant spacing is 8 cm×22 cm. [Conclusions] The study provided a reference basis for the cost saving and efficiency improvement of C. pilosula production.

不同生长年限巫山庙党质量评价

为比较不同生长年限巫山庙党的质量,采集1~5年生巫山庙党为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术,分析其营养成分、有机酸、水解氨基酸、活性成分和挥发性组分的差异。结果表明:4年生巫山庙党多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量最高,分别为20.97%和69.74%,5年生多糖含量最低,为8.38%;党参炔苷含量在第4年最高,为16.20μg/g,2~3年为快速生长期。5个年限巫山庙党中共鉴定出116种挥发性化合物,主要为醇类、醛类和酯类,其中有47种关键风味化合物气味活度值(odor activity value,OAV)大于1,从中筛选出15种差异关键风味化合物,癸醇和2,4-癸二烯醛是生长过程风味贡献最大的化合物,表现出刺激性脂肪味的庚醛是第5年的特征风味物质。综合分析认为4年生巫山庙党食用和保健品质最佳。本研究对不同生长年限巫山庙党的质量进行动态分析,以期为党参资源的精深加工和综合利用提供一定的理论指导。

党参铺膜施肥移栽联合作业机的设计与试验

针对党参等根茎类中药材移栽种植机械化程度低等问题,分析了国内外各根茎类作物移栽机的工作方法及结构特点,设计了一种党参半自动移栽设备,实现深耕、施肥、移栽(人工辅助放苗)、覆膜为一体的联合作业。以中药材党参为参考进行田间测试,从而掌握移栽机的性能及结构特点,为根茎类中药材移栽机实现国产研发推广提供参考。

连作对纹党生长、生理特性及自毒物质的影响研究

为探究纹党连作障碍效应及发生机制,以正茬(CK)和连作1年(CC1)、连作2年(CC2)及连作3年(CC3)土壤为试验对象,开展盆栽试验,动态研究连作对纹党生长、抗氧化酶系统及叶绿素的影响,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了不同连作年限土壤中自毒物质的种类及含量。结果显示,苗期、开花期、生长旺盛期及收获期各个生育时期内,连作对纹党的生长均存在抑制作用,且随连作年限的延长作用逐渐加强;同一连作年限,随着生育进程的推进,叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先增加后下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性先下降后增加再下降,但在同一生长阶段,3种抗氧化酶活性均随连作年限增加逐年下降,而丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖含量和相对电导率均逐年增加;从CK、CC1、CC2和CC3中分别鉴定出5、17、13和4种化学物质,主要包括:邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、丙酸乙酯和油酸酰胺等物质,其中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯在各种处理土壤中均存在,其相对含量均较高。连作可以通过破坏纹党植株中抗氧化酶系统,降低叶片叶绿素含量抑制纹党生长,产生连作障碍;连作条件下自毒作用是导致纹党发生连作障碍的主要原因之一。

Chemical and molecular characterization of Hong Dangshen,a unique medicinal material for diarrhea in Hong Kong

Aim To investigate the plant origin and the identity of the red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen, a unique medicinal material for diarrhea in Hong Kong. Methods The HPLC fingerprints and 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences of Hong Dangshen were obtained and compared with those of genuine species of Radix Codonopsis. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was analyzed and compared with that of Halloysitum fingerprints to the Codonopsis species and the highest similarity to Rubrum. Results Hong Dangshen showed very similar HPLC Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta in terms of 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was consistent with that of Halloysitum Rubrum. Conclusion The source plant of Hong Dangshen was suggested to be Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta, one of the genuine original plants of Radix Codonopsis （Dangshen） in the China Pharmacopoeia （2005 edition）. The red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen was indicated to be Halloysitum Rubrum, a traditional medicinal mineral for chronic diarrhea. Our data suggest that Hong Dangshen is derived from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta which has been processed with Halloysitum Rubrum, and the name is suggested to be Radix Codonopsis Praeparata Halloysita Rubra.

In vitro Propagation of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang"

[Objectives]The paper was to establish in vitro propagation of an excellent germplasm of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang".[Methods]The effects of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and redifferentiation were tested by using sterile stem explants in vitro that germinated from seeds of superior"Fengdang"plant.[Results]The optimum medium for callus induction was MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 16-BA.The optimal medium for bud differentiation was MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,and that for rooting was 1/2 MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA.By using the media mentioned above,the rates of callus induction,bud differentiation and rooting reached 91%,100%and 97%,respectively.[Conclusions]The rapid propagation system of regenerated plants in vitro established in this study lays a foundation for the popularization and industrialized seedling of excellent germplasm of"Fengdang".

Research on anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of Codonopsis codonopsis based on network pharmacology

Objective:The mechanism of Dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula)in treating pancreatic cancer(PC)was explored by network pharmacology technology and platform.Methods:The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP)was used to collect the effective compounds and potential targets of C.pilosula,and the genes associated with PC were obtained through the GeneCards database,the interaction genes between the effective compound targets of C.pilosula and PC targets were explored by the Venny method.The following mapping the interaction genes into a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the key targets were screened.Finally,the interactive genes were imported into the DAVID database for gene ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signal enrichment.Results:Twenty-one effective compounds and 98 downstream target genes of C.pilosula were screened through the TCMSP database.A total of 1,278 PC target genes were obtained through the GeneCards database,and the number of overlap genes between C.pilosula targets and PC related genes was 54,of which 10 were key node genes,namely CASP3,TP53,MDM2,AKT1,ESR1,BCL2L1,MCL1,HSP90AA1,CASP9,and CCND.These interactive genes involved a total of 30 typical GO terms and 20 KEGG signals.Conclusion:C.pilosula may play a role in treating PC through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-signal pathways.

党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程

化肥农药减施增效可助力党参产业绿色健康发展。为更好地指导甘肃省党参种植生产中化肥和农药施用,针对党参种植生产中化肥农药过量施用、养分利用率低、防控过度依赖化学农药等问题,经过多年试验研究和生产示范,从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、化肥减施、种苗移栽、田间管理、主要病虫害防控、采收等方面总结提出了党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨党参防治免疫性血小板减少症的分子机制

目的:采用网络药理学、差异基因分析、分子对接方法初步阐明党参治疗免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的分子机制。方法:在传统中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)、传统中药综合数据库(TCMID)和中医药百科全书数据库(ETCM)中检索党参的主要成分和相应的蛋白质靶标。在GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET数据库收集ITP的靶点,构建韦恩图获得复合靶标和疾病的交集靶点,并将靶标导入STRING数据库,使用Cytoscape3.9.1构建PPI网络。接着对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以探索ITP与党参的相关信号通路,最后对关键靶点和活性化合物进行分子对接研究。结果:共获得党参的84种潜在活性化合物、2354个疾病靶点与257个药物靶点,并得到86个交集靶点。通过蛋白互相作用网络图(PPI)分析确定了15个关键靶点,Degree值排名前5位的靶点包括血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、Src原癌基因(SRC)、白细胞介素2(IL2)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARG)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。GO和KEGG分析表明,党参治疗ITP主要涉及ERK1和ERK2级联的正向调控、信号转导、蛋白质磷酸化等生物学过程,信号通路主要包括PI3K/Akt、癌症通路、T细胞信号通路。分子对接结果表明,SRC、PPARG与11-hydroxyrankinidine具有较高的结合活性。肉豆蔻酸、乙基α-d果糖呋喃糖苷、黄豆黄素是重要的活性化合物并通过分子对接模拟进行验证。结论:本研究从多个角度阐明党参可能通过调节多个靶点和多条途径对ITP产生治疗作用,可为进一步深入研究党参对ITP的作用提供科学依据。

党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料对脂代谢和肝损伤的影响

为研究党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料对高血脂大鼠的降血脂作用和对脂肪性肝损伤的保护作用,将48只成年雄性大鼠随机分为6组,每组8只,分别为对照组、模型组、辛伐他汀组和党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料低、中、高剂量组(518、103、2072 mg/kg)。对照组给与普通饲料喂养,其余各组给与高脂饲料喂养。对照组及模型组大鼠灌胃蒸馏水,辛伐他汀组灌胃辛伐他汀溶液,其余3组灌胃不同剂量的党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料,连续8周。试验结束后分离肝脏、睾周脂肪、肾周脂肪并称重,计算肝指数、睾周脂肪指数和肾周脂肪指数;测定血清中总胆固固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆醇(low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)含量;HE染色和油红染色检测肝脏病变。结果表明,与模型组相比,给予党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料各组大鼠的体重、肝指数、肾周脂肪指数、睾周脂肪指数均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),体重最高降低11.91%,肝指数最高降低11.81%,肾周脂肪指数最高降低33.33%,睾周脂肪指数最高降低31.13%;血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且呈剂量相关性,高剂量组效果最好,TC降低27.64%、TG降低36.76%、LDL-C降低30.85%,HDL-C升高40.86%,均具有极显著性差异(P<0.01);血清AST含量极显著降低27.35%、ALT含量极显著降低48.02%(P<0.01);肝细胞脂肪变性和肝细胞脂滴沉积得到显著改善。综上,党参、黄芪、茯苓复合饮料具有较好的降血脂作用和肝脏保护作用。

党参多糖对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响

目的探究党参多糖(CPP)调节核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号通路对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,CPP低、中、高剂量组(CPP 10、20、40 mg/kg)及ML385组(Nrf2抑制剂ML38530 mg/kg联用CPP 40 mg/kg),每组10只,采用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍联合不规律饮食法建立CAG大鼠模型后,连续给药6周。HE染色观察胃黏膜组织病理形态变化;检测血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、胃蛋白酶(PP)及胃黏膜组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;TUNEL染色观察胃黏膜组织细胞凋亡情况;免疫组化法观察胃黏膜组织Nrf2、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bax)表达;Western blot法检测胃黏膜组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织损伤;GAS、MTL、PP、SOD水平,Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);MDA、TNF-α、IL-8水平,细胞凋亡指数,Bax蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,CPP低、中、高剂量组胃黏膜组织病理有不同程度改善;各定量指标均显著逆转(P<0.05);Nrf2抑制剂ML385可显著减弱高剂量CPP对CAG大鼠上述指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论CPP能改善CAG大鼠胃黏膜损伤,抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。

CD41单克隆抗体建立慢性免疫性血小板减少症小鼠模型失败的初步分析

目的:通过向Balb/c小鼠腹腔注射不同次数和不同剂量CD41单克隆抗体(MWReg30),探究该方法能否构建出一种稳定的慢性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)模型,并在造模结束后采用党参提取液干预此模型小鼠,以明确其对造模小鼠异常血小板计数的调整作用。方法:首先,使用MWReg30的常用剂量对Balb/c小鼠建立慢性ITP模型,并在抗体注射结束后探究党参提取液对造模小鼠的影响;随后,分别对不同组别的小鼠进行MWReg30的2次注射和2倍剂量注射,明确注射次数和剂量的增加是否有助于建立慢性ITP模型。结果:向小鼠体内注射MWReg30的造模方式不能使Balb/c小鼠血小板数量长期维持低水平,并且通过增加抗体注射次数和剂量的方法也难以实现此目的。但是,MWReg30的2次注射和2倍剂量注射分别使小鼠血小板计数在抗体注射结束7 d内和14 d内反弹升高至较高水平,且低剂量党参提取液干预造模小鼠可使其异常升高的血小板数量呈现下降趋势。结论:对小鼠腹腔注射MWReg30的造模方法无法复制出稳定的慢性ITP模型,此方法能否成为一种理想的慢性ITP模型建立方式仍有待进一步证实。而增加MWReg30的注射剂量能够延长模型小鼠血小板计数低水平的维持时间;且低剂量的党参提取液可能会对造模小鼠异常升高的血小板数量起纠正作用。

甘肃不同产地党参性状、无机元素、党参炔苷差异及相关性研究

目的:研究甘肃不同产地党参性状、无机元素及党参炔苷(LBT)差异,分析彼此间的相关性,为党参质量评价及产地归属提供依据。方法:收集甘肃9个产地党参药材,进行性状比较,并采用原子吸收光谱法测定党参中10种无机元素含量;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定LBT含量;并统计分析无机元素和LBT含量,联合性状进行相关性研究。结果:不同产地党参性状、无机元素及LBT含量存在差异,各元素平均含量高低顺序大致为K>Mg>Ca>Na>Fe>Mn>Co>Zn>Ni>Cu;LBT含量范围为0.75~6.50 mg/g。聚类分析将其分为四类。相关性分析表明不同产地党参中LBT含量与Mn、Na、Mg含量呈显著正相关;Co含量与党参“菊花心”特征呈负相关;Fe、Ca含量与党参根头部横环纹特征存在正相关。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析发现LBT、K、Mn、Ca、Na、Mg是鉴别不同产地党参的主要成分元素。结论:不同产地党参性状、无机元素及LBT含量表现出一定的相关性,三方面联合可有效评价党参质量及产地归属。

北方根结线虫在党参上的群体动态及世代循环

【目的】明确甘肃省党参上北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)的群体动态和世代循环,以期为根结线虫病的综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】2021年,通过田间定点连续取样对土壤中的北方根结线虫2龄幼虫和根组织中各虫态进行分离和镜检计数。【结果】在甘肃省,从4月上旬开始,北方根结线虫在党参上1年发生4代,平均每代历期为36 d,完成1代最短需要28 d,最长为53 d。田间气温和降水量对北方根结线虫发育影响较大,当田间气温为18℃、降水量为141~176 mm时,北方根结线虫发育较快,完成1代平均为30 d。【结论】本研究明确了北方根结线虫在甘肃省党参上的群体动态及世代循环,对该线虫病的及时防控具有指导意义。