Data organization and management of mine typical object spectral libraries

With the development of mining industry,people have obtained profits from it,but they are facing environmental damages.In order to monitor these environmental changes,a spectral library is set up for the spectrum data organization and management of mine typical objects.Most of the spectrum data come from the long-term field measuring in mining area and other spectral libraries.For the data quality control and error detection in the measuring data,an inner precision calculation method is presented and a series of interactive graphical controls are developed for the spectrum visualization and analysis.Through extracting and saving spectrum characters for the mine typical objects,realizs spectrum matching and classification for new measured spectrum samples are realized by using Euclidean distance,Aitchison distance,Pearson correlation coefficient and vector angular cosine methods.Based on the matching result,this work is able to gather dynamically physicochemical environment parameters from the library and gives an early warning for the mine environmental changes.

Clinical data quality problems and countermeasure for real world study

Real world study （RWS） has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed, and a countermeasure is proposed.

PROGRESS OF MARINE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AT MAOMING OF SOUTH CHINA

The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology.

Automated Detection of Contaminated Radar Image Pixels in Mountain Areas

In mountain areas, radar observations are often contaminated （1） by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles and （2） by point-wise ground clutter under either normal propagation （NP） or anomalous propagation （AP） conditions. Level Ⅱ data are collected from KMTX （Salt Lake City, Utah） radar to analyze these two types of contamination in the mountain area around the Great Salt Lake. Human experts provide the ＂ground truth＂ for possible contamination of either type on each individual pixel. Common features are then extracted for contaminated pixels of each type. For example, pixels contaminated by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles are characterized by large radial velocity and spectrum width. Echoes from a moving train tend to have larger velocity and reflectivity but smaller spectrum width than those from moving vehicles on highways. These contaminated pixels are only seen in areas of large terrain gradient （in the radial direction along the radar beam）. The same is true for the second type of contamination - pointwise ground clutters. Six quality control （QC） parameters are selected to quantify the extracted features. Histograms are computed for each QC parameter and grouped for contaminated pixels of each type and also for non-contaminated pixels. Based on the computed histograms, a fuzzy logical algorithm is developed for automated detection of contaminated pixels. The algorithm is tested with KMTX radar data under different （clear and rainy） weather conditions.

Derivation of Regression Coefficients for Sea Surface Temperature Retrieval over East Asia

Among the regression-based algorithms for deriving SST from satellite measurements, regionally optimized algorithms normally perform better than the corresponding global algorithm. In this paper, three algorithms are considered for SST retrieval over the East Asia region （15°-55°N, 105°-170°E）, including the multi-channel algorithm （MCSST）, the quadratic algorithm （QSST）, and the Pathfinder algorithm （PFSST）. All algorithms are derived and validated using collocated buoy and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite （GMS-5） observations from 1997 to 2001. An important part of the derivation and validation of the algorithms is the quality control procedure for the buoy SST data and an improved cloud screening method for the satellite brightness temperature measurements. The regionally optimized MCSST algorithm shows an overall improvement over the global algorithm, removing the bias of about -0.13℃ and reducing the root-mean-square difference （rmsd） from 1.36℃ to 1.26℃. The QSST is only slightly better than the MCSST. For both algorithms, a seasonal dependence of the remaining error statistics is still evident. The Pathfinder approach for deriving a season-specific set of coefficients, one for August to October and one for the rest of the year, provides the smallest rmsd overall that is also stable over time.

Research and Realization of Ten-print Data Quality Control Techniques for Imperial Scale Automated Fingerprint Identification System

As the first individualization-information processing equipment put into practical service worldwide,Automated Fingerprint Identification System(AFIS)has always been regarded as the first choice in individualization of criminal suspects or those who died in mass disasters.By integrating data within the existing regional large-scale AFIS database,many countries are constructing an ultra large state-of-the-art AFIS(or Imperial Scale AFIS)system.Therefore,it is very important to develop a series of ten-print data quality controlling process for this system of this type,which would insure a substantial matching efficiency,as the pouring data come into this imperial scale being.As the image quality of ten-print data is closely relevant to AFIS matching proficiency,a lot of police departments have allocated huge amount of human and financial resources over this issue by carrying out manual verification works for years.Unfortunately,quality control method above is always proved to be inadequate because it is an astronomical task involved,in which it has always been problematic and less affiant for potential errors.Hence,we will implement quality control in the above procedure with supplementary-acquisition effect caused by the delay of feedback instructions sent from the human verification teams.In this article,a series of fingerprint image quality supervising techniques has been put forward,which makes it possible for computer programs to supervise the ten-print image quality in real-time and more accurate manner as substitute for traditional manual verifications.Besides its prominent advantages in the human and financial expenditures,it has also been proved to obviously improve the image quality of the AFIS ten-print database,which leads up to a dramatic improvement in the AFIS-matching accuracy as well.

Dynamic data packing towards the optimization of QoC and QoS in networked control systems

A class of networked control systems is investigated whose communication network is shared with other applications. The design objective for such a system setting is not only the optimization of the control performance but also the efficient utilization of the communication resources. We observe that at a large time scale the data packet delay in the communication network is roughly varying piecewise constant, which is typically true for data networks like the Internet. Based on this observation, a dynamic data packing scheme is proposed within the recently developed packet-based control framework for networked control systems. As expected this proposed approach achieves a fine balance between the control performance and the communication utilization: the similar control performance can be obtained at dramatically reduced cost of the communication resources. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling（RSM） methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool（VAT） for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S.demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias 〈 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.

On the atmospheric movement and the imbalance of observed and calculated energy in the surface layer

Based on existing researches,here we theoretically summarized the characteristics of the atmospheric movement and turbulent transport of energy and substance in the surface layer as well as the ideal and the actual models for the turbulent transport.Then,using the data observed with eddy covariance at the semiarid climate and environment monitoring station(SACOL) in Lanzhou University from May to October during four consecutive years(September 2006-August 2010),we conducted a detailed analysis of the turbulent transport in the surface layer,through introducing the relative vertical turbulence intensity to characterize the turbulence strength,RIw=wn(wn+U),and also by adopting the method for controlling data quality at different levels.Our conclusions are:(1) The turbulent transport of energy and substance in the surface layer must obey the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of matter,the observed and calculated energy in the surface layer must be balanced,or closed in theory,but the actual observed and calculated energy just approximates the ideal in some degree and is difficult to achieve the energy balance.(2) The energy closure rate depends much on the atmospheric state in the surface layer,and the energy closure rate increases generally with the relative vertical turbulence intensity.(3) By the way of controlling data quality at different levels,it is found that the degree of data quality control can affect the closure rate,but it does not change the fact that the energy closure rate depends on the atmospheric state.(4) The calculation method of surface soil heat flux can affect energy closure rate,but does not change its dependence on the atmospheric state.