胶东大尹格庄金矿成矿流体时空演化及矿床成因:来自流体包裹体、成矿元素和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据

大尹格庄金矿位于招平成矿带中段,是胶东地区典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,储量达到超大型规模,但关于该矿床的成因类型尚存在较大争议。在详细野外地质调查的基础上开展了该矿床成因和成矿流体纵向变化特征研究。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为中温、低盐度、中低密度的H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl±CH_(4)体系。从成矿早期到晚期各阶段(Ⅰ~Ⅳ阶段)均一温度和盐度逐渐降低,密度逐渐增加。氢氧同位素组成显示成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主,后期有大气降水的混入,主成矿阶段可能存在流体沸腾作用;黄铁矿硫铅同位素组成表明成矿物质来源于深源壳幔混合岩浆。成矿过程和背景总体与胶东其他金矿床类似,形成于克拉通破坏环境。浅部与深部流体和物质组成的对比研究表明,在垂向纵深范围内成矿流体性质、金银成矿强度和金成色稳定一致,金沉淀具有宽泛而稳定的环境,指示大尹格庄金矿床深部仍然具有很大的成矿潜力和找矿空间。

A high resolution inversion method for fluid factor with dynamic dryrock V_(P)/V_(S) ratio squared

As an important indicator parameter of fluid identification,fluid factor has always been a concern for scholars.However,when predicting Russell fluid factor or effective pore-fluid bulk modulus,it is necessary to introduce a new rock skeleton parameter which is the dry-rock VP/VS ratio squared(DVRS).In the process of fluid factor calculation or inversion,the existing methods take this parameter as a static constant,which has been estimated in advance,and then apply it to the fluid factor calculation and inversion.The fluid identification analysis based on a portion of the Marmousi 2 model and numerical forward modeling test show that,taking the DVRS as a static constant will limit the identification ability of fluid factor and reduce the inversion accuracy.To solve the above problems,we proposed a new method to regard the DVRS as a dynamic variable varying with depth and lithology for the first time,then apply it to fluid factor calculation and inversion.Firstly,the exact Zoeppritz equations are rewritten into a new form containing the fluid factor and DVRS of upper and lower layers.Next,the new equations are applied to the four parameters simultaneous inversion based on the generalized nonlinear inversion(GNI)method.The testing results on a portion of the Marmousi 2 model and field data show that dynamic DVRS can significantly improve the fluid factor identification ability,effectively suppress illusion.Both synthetic and filed data tests also demonstrate that the GNI method based on Bayesian deterministic inversion(BDI)theory can successfully solve the above four parameter simultaneous inversion problem,and taking the dynamic DVRS as a target inversion parameter can effectively improve the inversion accuracy of fluid factor.All these results completely verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

BIODRILL S合成基钻井液在垦利区块首次应用

渤海油田垦利9-1区块地层岩性复杂,且存在断层带,钻井过程中易发生泥岩水化分散和砂岩层井眼缩径等问题,井壁垮塌风险极大。针对该区块地层岩性特点和技术难题并结合环保要求,制备了一种复合型封堵材料PFMOSHIELD,构建了BIODRILL S合成基钻井液体系。该体系流变性能良好,抗钙、抗岩屑污染达26%和15%,封堵性、沉降稳定性、润滑性优异,高温高压砂盘滤失量3.2 mL,静置7 d沉降因子为0.53,极压润滑系数0.082。BIODRILL S首次在渤海湾垦利9-1区块进行了现场应用,结果表明:该体系解决了垦利9-1区块泥页岩水化和砂岩层井眼缩径问题,垦利9-1北-3定向探井三开井段上部地层钻屑完整,钻屑达4~7 cm;井眼清洁性能良好,钻井液动塑比超过0.59 Pa/mPa·s,φ6和φ3读数均超过9,剪切稀释性强,提高了井眼净化效率,有效避免形成“岩屑床”;润滑性能优异,在大井斜段(55°、70°、67°)可实现直接起钻。

Planck Scale Fluid Mechanics: Measuring the Planck Length from Fluid Mechanics Independent of G

We demonstrate how to extract the Planck length from hydrostatic pressure without relying on any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant, G. By measuring the pressure from a water column, we can determine the Planck length without requiring knowledge of either G or the Planck constant. This experiment is simple to perform and cost-effective, making it not only of interest to researchers studying gravity but also suitable for low-budget educational settings. Despite its simplicity, this has never been demonstrated to be possible before, and it is achievable due to new theoretical insights into gravity and its connection to quantum gravity and the Planck scale. This provides new insights into fluid mechanics and the Planck scale. We are also exploring initial concepts related to what we are calling “Planck fluid”, which could potentially play a central role in quantum gravity and quantum fluid mechanics.

α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain:so many seeds so close to the central soil

α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals.Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Aggregated and highly phospho rylated a-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain,the pathological hallmark of Parkinson s disease.For decades,much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson s disease as a systemic disease.Recent evidence demonstrates that,at least in some patients,the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain.Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tra ct trigge rs the gutto-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology.However,whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation.In this review,we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.

成人病毒性脑炎患者血清和脑脊液GFAP CPK-BB NSES-100B表达在病情监测中的作用

目的 探究成人病毒性脑炎(VE)患者血清和脑脊液胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、肌酸激酶脑型同工酶(CPK-BB)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、星形胶质源性蛋白(S-100B)表达在病情监测中的作用。方法 选取2021-02—2022-10河北中石油中心医院收治的102例成人VE患者(VE组)为研究对象,其中轻度感染39例,中度34例,重度29例。选取同期头痛入院有腰椎穿刺指征,最终确诊为偏头痛、上呼吸道感染的患者50例为对照组,比较VE组与对照组、不同病情程度患者血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平,应用Pearson分析血清GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平与脑脊液对应指标的相关性,应用Spearman分析血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B与病情程度的相关性。结果 VE组急性期、恢复期血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平高于对照组(P<0.05),急性期血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平高于恢复期(P<0.05)。VE组急性期血清GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平与脑脊液对应指标呈正相关(r=0.806、0.728、0.819、0.781,均P<0.001),恢复期血清GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平与脑脊液对应指标呈正相关(r=0.746、0.807、0.728、0.769,均P<0.001)。VE患者急性期、恢复期重度感染患者血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平高于中度和轻度,中度患者高于轻度(P<0.05)。与恢复期对应感染程度比较,急性期轻度、中度、重度患者血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平升高(P<0.05),急性期、恢复期血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B水平均与感染程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 成人VE患者血清和脑脊液GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B表达升高,与病情严重程度、所处的病程阶段有关,且血清GFAP、CPK-BB、NSE、S-100B表达与脑脊液显著相关,有望作为VE病情监测的便捷、无创标志物。

可吸收止血绒S-100在骨折内固定手术患者中的应用效果

目的:分析可吸收止血绒S-100在骨折内固定手术患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性选取2022年3月—2023年6月河南省胸科医院收治的106例骨折内固定手术患者作为研究对象。根据可吸收止血绒S-100的使用情况将其分为对照组和观察组,各53例。对照组术中采用气囊止血带止血,观察组术中采用可吸收止血绒S-100。比较两组围手术期指标,引流量及引流管拔管时间,术前及术后第3天凝血功能。结果:观察组手术时间及住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后24 h、48 h引流量少于对照组,引流管拔管时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后第3天,两组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)均降低,纤维蛋白原(FIB)及D-二聚体(D-D)均明显升高,观察组PT及APTT均高于对照组,FIB及D-D均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:可吸收止血绒S-100应用在骨折内固定手术中止血效果显著,能减少局部渗出,缩短引流周期,对患者凝血功能影响较小。

广西砂子岭银多金属矿床成因:来自流体包裹体及H-O-S同位素的制约

砂子岭银多金属矿床位于钦杭成矿带西南端,水汶火山盆地西缘,区域性NE向博白—岑溪深大断裂带从其西侧穿过。矿体呈脉状、透镜状赋存在燕山晚期霏细斑岩内,受NW、NE向断裂构造控制。文章在系统总结矿床成矿地质特征的基础上,进行流体包裹体及氢、氧、硫同位素研究,探讨矿床成因。结果表明:流体包裹体类型主要为富液两相流体包裹体,成矿初—晚阶段流体均一温度、盐度均逐渐降低,主成矿期流体具有中温(246~351℃)、低盐度(3.1%~4.8%)特征。黄铁矿、方铅矿δ^(34)S的值为-1.45‰~2.67‰,指示硫来源于岩浆。H-O同位素研究结果指示成矿流体主要来自岩浆水,后期有大气降水混入。综合研究认为砂子岭银多金属矿床属中温热液矿床。

Davidson's固定液用于睾丸和眼球固定的优势

Davidsons固定液,又称为Hartmanns固定液,由Moore和Barr在他们著名的性染色质研究中公布于众。目前在临床病理、兽医学和海洋生物科学中均有所应用。现就其基本配方、特点、用途及进行综述,旨在探讨其在药物安全性评价中应用于对睾丸和眼球的固定。

2022年1月8日青海门源M_(S)6.9地震前重力场动态变化

2022年1月8日青海门源M_(S)6.9地震前,中国地震局在青藏高原东北缘开展了多期流动重力观测,并观测到震中附近重力场随时间的变化.我们曾利用震中附近重力场变化信息在地震前对发震地点进行了较为准确的预测.本文综合利用地面绝对重力、相对重力资料,对青藏高原东北缘2018—2021年间的重力观测数据进行整体处理,系统分析了区域重力场动态变化及其与门源M_(S)6.9地震发生的关系.结合地震剪切波分裂、地壳裂隙及饱和度研究成果,进一步研究了区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及其机理.结果表明:(1)门源M_(S)6.9地震前2年累积重力变化呈现出明显的四象限分布特征,震中位于重力变化的四象限中心零等值线附近;(2)地震前重力异常持续时间与震级的关系、地震剪切波分裂产生的慢波时间延迟持续时间与震级的关系显现一致性,这种一致性表明地下流体运移可能是地震前观测到的重力变化的主要成因;(3)本次震中东南侧的显著重力变化延伸到了冷龙岭断裂东段至海原断裂一带,后期仍需要关注该地区的地震危险性.

大兴安岭南段小孤山锡锌矿床锡石U-Pb年龄、流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素特征

毛登-小孤山地区是大兴安岭南段锡多金属成矿带代表性矿区,由小孤山锡锌矿床和毛登锡钼铋多金属矿床组成。小孤山矿床锡石U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg谐和年龄为134.8±1.9Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世。该矿床成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:锡石-黄铁矿-石英-电气石阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、锡石-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、闪锌矿-方铅矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅲ阶段)、黄铁矿-石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。小孤山矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段均发育WL、WG和S型包裹体,Ⅳ阶段仅出现WL型包裹体。从Ⅰ至Ⅳ阶段流体包裹体均一温度/盐度分别为420-443℃/8.3%-52.0%NaCleqv、286-379℃/4.0%-40.2%NaCleqv、214-299℃/3.8%-36.1%NaCleqv、178-195℃/2.1%-3.3%NaCleqv,表明从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体由高温高盐度向低温低盐度转化,且前三个阶段流体盐度波动大,暗示成矿流体发生了多次沸腾。矿床的δ18O水介于-2.6‰-11.0‰,δD介于-107‰--91‰,Ⅰ和Ⅱ阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,Ⅲ阶段开始有大气降水的加入。硫化物的δ34SCDT值介于-3.3‰--0.6‰,206Pb/204Pb介于17.772-18.427,207Pb/204Pb介于15.482-15.679,208Pb/204Pb介于37.668-38.622,表明成矿物质来源于早白垩世花岗质岩浆。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的两种主要机制。

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Due to an ever aging society and growing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the challenge to meet social and health care system needs will become increasingly difficult.Unfortunately,a definite ante mortem diagnosis is not possible.Thus,an early diagnosis and identification of AD patients is critical for promising,early pharmacological interventions as well as addressing health care needs.The most advanced and most reliable markers areβ-amyloid,total tau and phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).In blood,no single biomarker has been identified despite an intense search over the last decade.The most promising approaches consist of a combination of several bloodbased markers increasing the reliability,sensitivity and specificity of the AD diagnosis.However,contradictory data make standardized testing methods in longitudinal and multi-center studies extremely difficult.In this review,we summarize a range of the most promising CSF and blood biomarkers for diagnosing AD.

Stokes'first problem for the fourth order fluid in a porous half space

In this study, the flow of a fourth order fluid in a porous half space is modeled. By using the modified Darcy＇s law, the flow over a suddenly moving flat plate is studied numerically. The influence of various parameters of interest on the velocity profile is revealed.

“Special Issue—Supercritical Fluids” Literatures on Dyeing Technique of Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide

The supercritical fluid is used extensively, especially in substance extraction. The extraction of many substances has reached the economic-scale industrial bulk production stage. However, the research on the wastewater-free dyeing technique replacing water as dissolvent is still at a development stage. This study introduced the development situation of supercritical fluid dyeing technique, and described the evolution of stock dyeing, measurement of solubility of dye, studies of dyeing kinetics and instrument application studies, in order to provide related data for relevant studies in further development of this technique.

Fluid substitution in a shaley sandstone reservoir at seismic scale

Shaley sandstone is heterogeneous at a seismic scale. Gassmann＇s equation is suited for fluid substitution in a homogeneous medium. To study the difference between shaley sandstone effective elastic moduli calculated by mean porosity as a homogeneous medium, and those calculated directly from the sub-volumes of the volume as a heterogeneous medium, computational experiments are conducted on Han＇s shaley sand model, the soft-sand model, the stiff-sand model, and their combination under the assumption that the shaley sandstone volume is made up of separate homogenous sub-volumes with independent porosity and clay content. Fluid substitutions are conducted by Gassmann＇s equation on rock volume and sub-volumes respectively. The computational data show that at seismic scale, there are minor differences between fluid substitution on rock volume and that on sub-volumes using Gassmann＇s equation. But fluid substitution on sub-volumes can take consideration of the effects of low porosity and low permeability sub-volumes, which can get more reasonable data, especially for low porosity reservoirs.

Lessons from glaucoma: rethinking the fluid-brain barriers in common neurodegenerative disorders

Glaucoma has been recently characterized as a member of the group of anoikis-related diseases. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis, can be triggered by the unfastening of adherent junctions present in astrocytes. In those areas of the central nervous system in which the soma of the neurons or their axons and dendrites are metabolically dependent on the activity of astrocytes, a derangement of the lactate shuttle caused by a separation between the plasma membranes of neurons and astrocytes would result in metabolic impairment of the neurons themselves. In glaucoma, the triggering event has been attributed to the posterior deviation of aqueous humor towards the astrocyte-rich prelaminar tissue of the optic nerve head. The mean calcium content in the aqueous is able to interfere with calcium-dependent adherent junctions and induce anoikis of the astrocytes. As the cerebrospinal fluid has a similar base calcium concentration, a shunt of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral parenchyma would be able to interfere in the astrocytic architecture with dire consequences to the metabolically dependent neurons. Here the similitude between glaucoma,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease are discussed and the concept of the break in the fluid-brain barrier, as an event separated from the blood-brain barrier, is stressed.

Non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation-point flow of Walter’s B nanofluid over a cylindrical disk

The study of non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation-point flow of Walter’s B nanofluid along with magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) and non-linear Rosseland thermal radiation over a cylindrical disk in the existence of the time-independent free stream is considered. Moreover, the notable impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are analyzed by Buongiorno’s model. The momentum, energy, and concentration equations are converted into the dimensionless coupled ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations, which are later numerically solved by altering the values of the pertinent parameters. The numerical and asymptotic solutions for the large shear-to-strain rate ratio γ =a/bfor the parameters of the displacement thicknesses and the wall-shear stress are computed by perturbative expansion and analyzed. Furthermore, the technique bvp4c in MATLAB is deployed as an efficient method to analyze the calculations for the non-dimensional velocities, temperature, displacement thickness, and concentration profiles. It is observed that the two-dimensional displacement thickness parameters α andβ are reduced due to the viscoelasticity and magnetic field effects. Moreover, when the shear-to-strain rate ratio approaches infinity, α is closer to its asymptotic value, while βand the three-dimensional displacement thickness parameter δ1 show the opposite trend.The outcomes of the viscoelasticity and the magnetic field on the skin friction are also determined. It is concluded that ■ reaches its asymptotic behavior when the shearto-strain rate ratio approaches infinity. Meanwhile, ■ shows different results.

Effects of slip, viscous dissipation and Joule heating on the MHD flow and heat transfer of a second grade fluid past a radially stretching sheet

The flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian second grade fluid due to a radially stretching surface with partial slip is considered. The partial slip is controlled by a dimensionless slip factor, which varies between zero （total adhesion） and infinity （full slip）. Suitable similarity transformations are used to reduce the resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The issue of paucity of boundary conditions is addressed and an effective numerical scheme is adopted to solve the obtained differential equations even without augmenting any extra boundary conditions. The important findings in this communication are the combined effects of the partial slip, magnetic interaction parameter and the second grade fluid parameter on the velocity and temperature fields. It is interesting to find that the slip increases the momentum and thermal boundary layer thickness. As the slip increases in magnitude, permitting more fluid to slip past the sheet, the skin friction coefficient decreases in magnitude and approaches zero for higher values of the slip parameter, i.e., the fluid behaves as though it were inviscid. The presence of a magnetic field has also substantial effects on velocity and temperature fields.

Geochemistry of Jinman Copper Vein Deposit,West Yunnan Province,China─Ⅱ.Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Geochemical Characteristics

The Jinman deposit is a Ag-bearing copper vein deposit located at the north marginof the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin in West Yunnan. Systematic studies of fluid inclusions andstable isotopes are presented in this paper. The filling-replacement stage and the boiling-exhala-tive precipitation stage of mineralization took place at T1 = 140 - 280℃ and T2 = 94 - 204℃under pressure of (600 - 1200) ×105 Pa. The salinity of ore-forming solutions ranges from 5 wt%-20. 8 wt% (NaCl). Sulphide δ34S(CDT) values are in the rang of - 9.6‰ - + 11.03% witha range of 22. 66‰ showing an apparent "pagoda"-shaped distribution in histogram. Mean-while, the δ34S values of the various sulphides are consistent with the characters of isotope equi-librium fractionation, i. e., δ34SPy>δ34 SCp> δ34SBn. The TS/TOC ratios of the ores are widelyvariable between 0.16 and 5. 54 with no correlation of any kind can be established. Accirding to themodel of Ohmoto, the oxidation-reduction ratios of sulfur species in ore-forming solutions at the twomineralization stages were calculated to be R’1 = 2. 16×10(-17) and R’2 = 1. 55×104. δ13CCO2 (PDB)values obtained from fluid inclusions in calcite and quartz are between - 8.12‰ - - 3. 18‰, av-eraging - 5. 26‰, which are comparable with the isotopic composition of mantle-derived CO2.Inclusions in quartz yield δ13CCH4(PDB) between - 32. 11‰ and - 22. 04‰ (averaging- 26. 69‰),similar to that of methane in modern geothermal gases. For the ore-forming soutions, δ18OH2O(SMOW) values are between - 10. 57‰ and + 9. 77‰ and δDH2O(SMOW) are between - 51‰and - 135‰. Considering the effect of isotope exchange during waterrock reactions, most ofthe data are plotted along or close to the line defined by the reaction of meteoric water withclastic rocks, while a small part of the points fall near the reaction line of magmatic water withclastic rocks. In δ13C vs. δ18O diagram, the ore-forming soutions are plotted for the most partinto the mixing area between the meteoric fluid and the deep-seated fluid and partially on themixing line of P = 1.

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling,Anhui Province

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion