Utilizing observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument,we quantitatively assessed the dawn-dusk asymmetry in temperature disturbances within the high-latitude mes...Utilizing observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument,we quantitatively assessed the dawn-dusk asymmetry in temperature disturbances within the high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)during the main phase of geomagnetic storms in this study.An analysis of five geomagnetic superstorm events indicated that during the main phase,negative temperature disturbances were more prevalent on the dawn side than on the dusk side in the high-latitude MLT region.Results of a statistical analysis of 54 geomagnetic storm events also revealed a notable disparity in temperature disturbances between the dawn and dusk sides.At high latitudes,38.2%of the observational points on the dawn side exhibited negative temperature disturbances(less than−5 K),whereas on the dusk side,this percentage was only 29.5%.In contrast,at mid-latitudes,these proportions were 34.1%and 36.5%,respectively,showing no significant difference.We also conducted a statistical analysis of temperature disturbances at different altitudes,which revealed an increase in the proportion of warming disturbances with altitude.Conversely,the proportion of cooling disturbances initially rose with altitude,reaching a peak around 105 km,and subsequently decreased.These temperature disturbance differences could be explained by the day-night asymmetry in vertical wind disturbances during storm conditions.展开更多
Vision-based vehicle detection in adverse weather conditions such as fog,haze,and mist is a challenging research area in the fields of autonomous vehicles,collision avoidance,and Internet of Things(IoT)-enabled edge/f...Vision-based vehicle detection in adverse weather conditions such as fog,haze,and mist is a challenging research area in the fields of autonomous vehicles,collision avoidance,and Internet of Things(IoT)-enabled edge/fog computing traffic surveillance and monitoring systems.Efficient and cost-effective vehicle detection at high accuracy and speed in foggy weather is essential to avoiding road traffic collisions in real-time.To evaluate vision-based vehicle detection performance in foggy weather conditions,state-of-the-art Vehicle Detection in Adverse Weather Nature(DAWN)and Foggy Driving(FD)datasets are self-annotated using the YOLO LABEL tool and customized to four vehicle detection classes:cars,buses,motorcycles,and trucks.The state-of-the-art single-stage deep learning algorithms YOLO-V5,and YOLO-V8 are considered for the task of vehicle detection.Furthermore,YOLO-V5s is enhanced by introducing attention modules Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM),Normalized-based Attention Module(NAM),and Simple Attention Module(SimAM)after the SPPF module as well as YOLO-V5l with BiFPN.Their vehicle detection accuracy parameters and running speed is validated on cloud(Google Colab)and edge(local)systems.The mAP50 score of YOLO-V5n is 72.60%,YOLOV5s is 75.20%,YOLO-V5m is 73.40%,and YOLO-V5l is 77.30%;and YOLO-V8n is 60.20%,YOLO-V8s is 73.50%,YOLO-V8m is 73.80%,and YOLO-V8l is 72.60%on DAWN dataset.The mAP50 score of YOLO-V5n is 43.90%,YOLO-V5s is 40.10%,YOLO-V5m is 49.70%,and YOLO-V5l is 57.30%;and YOLO-V8n is 41.60%,YOLO-V8s is 46.90%,YOLO-V8m is 42.90%,and YOLO-V8l is 44.80%on FD dataset.The vehicle detection speed of YOLOV5n is 59 Frame Per Seconds(FPS),YOLO-V5s is 47 FPS,YOLO-V5m is 38 FPS,and YOLO-V5l is 30 FPS;and YOLO-V8n is 185 FPS,YOLO-V8s is 109 FPS,YOLO-V8m is 72 FPS,and YOLO-V8l is 63 FPS on DAWN dataset.The vehicle detection speed of YOLO-V5n is 26 FPS,YOLO-V5s is 24 FPS,YOLO-V5m is 22 FPS,and YOLO-V5l is 17 FPS;and YOLO-V8n is 313 FPS,YOLO-V8s is 182 FPS,YOLO-V8m is 99 FPS,and YOLO-V8l is 60 FPS on FD dataset.YOLO-V5s,YOLO-V5s variants and YOLO-V5l_BiFPN,and YOLO-V8 algorithms are efficient and cost-effective solution for real-time vision-based vehicle detection in foggy weather.展开更多
In this paper the parallel computing of a grid-point nine-level atmospheric general circulation model on the Dawn 1000 is introduced. The model was developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Acad...In this paper the parallel computing of a grid-point nine-level atmospheric general circulation model on the Dawn 1000 is introduced. The model was developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The Dawn 1000 is a MIMD massive parallel computer made by National Research Center for Intelligent Computer (NCIC), CAS. A two-dimensional domain decomposition method is adopted to perform the parallel computing. The potential ways to increase the speed-up ratio and exploit more resources of future massively parallel supercomputation are also discussed.展开更多
The Dawn of Modem Medicine refers to an account of the Revival of the Science and Art of Medicine,which took place in Western Europe during the latter half of the 18^th century and the first part of the 19^th.
East China Normal University received a text message from a faculty member, which said. ＂Last month, you spent less on meals, Are you in financial difficulty？ If so, please contact me via phone, text message or e-ma...East China Normal University received a text message from a faculty member, which said. ＂Last month, you spent less on meals, Are you in financial difficulty？ If so, please contact me via phone, text message or e-mail.＂展开更多
Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict plant native to China that has been widely introduced into many countries and areas around the world. However,its seeds germinate at a very low percentage. Conseque...Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict plant native to China that has been widely introduced into many countries and areas around the world. However,its seeds germinate at a very low percentage. Consequently,population regeneration by seed is low under natural conditions, which probably contributes to the endangered status of this plant species. The present study aimed to describe the aging mechanism of M. glyptostroboides seeds. Our objective was to elucidate causes of the low germination rate in an effort to enhance potential for conservation of the species. We used germination tests,relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content determination, ultrastructural observation of embryo cells, and analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase,ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase activities during accelerated aging treatment. We found that M. glyptostroboides seeds have a low level of vigorand poor ability to maintain vigor, which is probably associated with the inefficiency of its enzymatic antioxidative system.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of growth hormone in the diurnal variation of insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Afternoon (16:00 hr) or night (23:00 hr) pretreatment with a subcutaneo...The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of growth hormone in the diurnal variation of insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Afternoon (16:00 hr) or night (23:00 hr) pretreatment with a subcutaneous injection of normal saline, human growth hormone to mimic the normal nocturnal rise in growth hormone, or octreotide to inhibit endogenous growth hormone secretion to create a state of relative nocturnal growth hormone deficiency, was given 16 hours before undergoing the modified insulin suppression test in healthy subjects. The morning and evening experiments were separated by an interval of at least 3 days. Thus, each subject was tested on six separate occasions arranged in a random order. A higher value of the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) is indicative of lower insulin sensitivity. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) were measured. In the normal saline and human growth hormone groups, SSPG levels were lower in the morning than in the evening. Evening SSPG levels, MCRI, and NEFA concentrations were higher in the participants treated with normal saline and growth hormone than in the octreotide group. Differences in SSPG levels between the morning and evening values were higher in the participants pretreated with normal saline and growth hormone than in those treated with octreotide. A diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity existed in healthy subjects. These results provided direct evidence that the role of growth hormone in regulating insulin sensitivity might be related to changes in the MCRI and the metabolism of NEFA in healthy subjects.展开更多
This year marks the 45th anniversary of Malaysia-China diplomatic relations. In the early 15th Century, Zheng He, a Ming Dynasty maritime explorer, made seven voyages to the Western Seas and passed through the Malacca...This year marks the 45th anniversary of Malaysia-China diplomatic relations. In the early 15th Century, Zheng He, a Ming Dynasty maritime explorer, made seven voyages to the Western Seas and passed through the Malacca Strait more than once, resulting in many tales of trade and cultural exchanges between the peoples of China and Malaysia. Over the past 40 years since the beginning of China’s reform and openingup, Chinese Malaysians have invested in businesses and made donations to schools in China, laying a solid foundation for the further development of Malaysia- China relations.展开更多
This study is concerned with determining the altitude of the sun under the horizon to the beginning and the end of the true and pseudo dawn and dusk. In 2007 and 2008, the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) was used in four regi...This study is concerned with determining the altitude of the sun under the horizon to the beginning and the end of the true and pseudo dawn and dusk. In 2007 and 2008, the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) was used in four regions in Malaysia to measure the brightness at night, pseudo dawn, true dawn, true dusk and pseudo dusk. The measurements were taken when the device was directed to the position of sunrise and sunset at the horizontal angle of the sunrise or sunset and at five degrees above the horizon during the entire monitoring period. The altitude of the sun for the true dusk was found to be -14.38°± 0.91°and for the beginning of the pseudo dusk was found to be -14.86°± 0.91°and the end of the pseudo dusk is -17.8°± 0.7°, while for the beginning of the true dawn it was found to be -14.19°± 0.52°(for high confidence -14.71°) and for the pseudo dawn was found to be -18.62°± 0.82°. The light magnitude of the full night after the pseudo dusk was found to be 20.77 ± 0.93 mag./arcsec<sup>2</sup>, while it was found to be 22.17 ± 0.1 mag./arcsec<sup>2</sup> before the pseudo dawn.展开更多
IN just two years Malawi had turned into a full-blown dictatorship despite a democratic constitution. Malawi had also turned into an economic basket case without adequate forex and worse still had insulted its donors ...IN just two years Malawi had turned into a full-blown dictatorship despite a democratic constitution. Malawi had also turned into an economic basket case without adequate forex and worse still had insulted its donors and investors, sending some back to their respective countries. All this happened under the rule of President Bingu wa Mutharika who passed away on April 5, 2012 at the age of 78.展开更多
43.dauntless(形容词) 该词的意思是“不屈不挠的,无所畏惧的”。英语的释义是fearless;incapable of beingdiscouraged。在莎士比亚的《亨利六世下篇》(Third Partof King Henry Ⅵ)中,法国国王对英国的QueenMargaret表示同情,为了安慰...43.dauntless(形容词) 该词的意思是“不屈不挠的,无所畏惧的”。英语的释义是fearless;incapable of beingdiscouraged。在莎士比亚的《亨利六世下篇》(Third Partof King Henry Ⅵ)中,法国国王对英国的QueenMargaret表示同情,为了安慰她,请她坐到自己的身边来,并请她放宽心:展开更多
To determine the influence of pairing status on dawn singing behaviour in pied bush chats Saxicola caprata, we conducted mate removal experiments across eight territories. The experiment was divided into three stages...To determine the influence of pairing status on dawn singing behaviour in pied bush chats Saxicola caprata, we conducted mate removal experiments across eight territories. The experiment was divided into three stages： pre-removal （pairs were present on their respective territories）, removal （females were experimentally removed）, and returned （females were released into the focal pairs＇ territories）. Dawn bout length, song rate, song complexity, percentage performance time, song perch height, and distance of singing location to territory boundary were measured for each male during each experimental stage. We did not find an effect of mate removal on any dawn song characteristics of male pied bush chats suggesting that the presence or absence of a mate does not influence male dawn singing behaviour. Our findings further suggest that males use dawn chorus to mediate social relationships with neighbouring males to proclaim an established territory展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42004132,42074195 and 42074183)+1 种基金the open funding of the Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science(Grant No.KP202104)the China Geological Survey(Grant No.ZD20220145).
文摘Utilizing observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument,we quantitatively assessed the dawn-dusk asymmetry in temperature disturbances within the high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)during the main phase of geomagnetic storms in this study.An analysis of five geomagnetic superstorm events indicated that during the main phase,negative temperature disturbances were more prevalent on the dawn side than on the dusk side in the high-latitude MLT region.Results of a statistical analysis of 54 geomagnetic storm events also revealed a notable disparity in temperature disturbances between the dawn and dusk sides.At high latitudes,38.2%of the observational points on the dawn side exhibited negative temperature disturbances(less than−5 K),whereas on the dusk side,this percentage was only 29.5%.In contrast,at mid-latitudes,these proportions were 34.1%and 36.5%,respectively,showing no significant difference.We also conducted a statistical analysis of temperature disturbances at different altitudes,which revealed an increase in the proportion of warming disturbances with altitude.Conversely,the proportion of cooling disturbances initially rose with altitude,reaching a peak around 105 km,and subsequently decreased.These temperature disturbance differences could be explained by the day-night asymmetry in vertical wind disturbances during storm conditions.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-RG23129).
文摘Vision-based vehicle detection in adverse weather conditions such as fog,haze,and mist is a challenging research area in the fields of autonomous vehicles,collision avoidance,and Internet of Things(IoT)-enabled edge/fog computing traffic surveillance and monitoring systems.Efficient and cost-effective vehicle detection at high accuracy and speed in foggy weather is essential to avoiding road traffic collisions in real-time.To evaluate vision-based vehicle detection performance in foggy weather conditions,state-of-the-art Vehicle Detection in Adverse Weather Nature(DAWN)and Foggy Driving(FD)datasets are self-annotated using the YOLO LABEL tool and customized to four vehicle detection classes:cars,buses,motorcycles,and trucks.The state-of-the-art single-stage deep learning algorithms YOLO-V5,and YOLO-V8 are considered for the task of vehicle detection.Furthermore,YOLO-V5s is enhanced by introducing attention modules Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM),Normalized-based Attention Module(NAM),and Simple Attention Module(SimAM)after the SPPF module as well as YOLO-V5l with BiFPN.Their vehicle detection accuracy parameters and running speed is validated on cloud(Google Colab)and edge(local)systems.The mAP50 score of YOLO-V5n is 72.60%,YOLOV5s is 75.20%,YOLO-V5m is 73.40%,and YOLO-V5l is 77.30%;and YOLO-V8n is 60.20%,YOLO-V8s is 73.50%,YOLO-V8m is 73.80%,and YOLO-V8l is 72.60%on DAWN dataset.The mAP50 score of YOLO-V5n is 43.90%,YOLO-V5s is 40.10%,YOLO-V5m is 49.70%,and YOLO-V5l is 57.30%;and YOLO-V8n is 41.60%,YOLO-V8s is 46.90%,YOLO-V8m is 42.90%,and YOLO-V8l is 44.80%on FD dataset.The vehicle detection speed of YOLOV5n is 59 Frame Per Seconds(FPS),YOLO-V5s is 47 FPS,YOLO-V5m is 38 FPS,and YOLO-V5l is 30 FPS;and YOLO-V8n is 185 FPS,YOLO-V8s is 109 FPS,YOLO-V8m is 72 FPS,and YOLO-V8l is 63 FPS on DAWN dataset.The vehicle detection speed of YOLO-V5n is 26 FPS,YOLO-V5s is 24 FPS,YOLO-V5m is 22 FPS,and YOLO-V5l is 17 FPS;and YOLO-V8n is 313 FPS,YOLO-V8s is 182 FPS,YOLO-V8m is 99 FPS,and YOLO-V8l is 60 FPS on FD dataset.YOLO-V5s,YOLO-V5s variants and YOLO-V5l_BiFPN,and YOLO-V8 algorithms are efficient and cost-effective solution for real-time vision-based vehicle detection in foggy weather.
文摘In this paper the parallel computing of a grid-point nine-level atmospheric general circulation model on the Dawn 1000 is introduced. The model was developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The Dawn 1000 is a MIMD massive parallel computer made by National Research Center for Intelligent Computer (NCIC), CAS. A two-dimensional domain decomposition method is adopted to perform the parallel computing. The potential ways to increase the speed-up ratio and exploit more resources of future massively parallel supercomputation are also discussed.
文摘The Dawn of Modem Medicine refers to an account of the Revival of the Science and Art of Medicine,which took place in Western Europe during the latter half of the 18^th century and the first part of the 19^th.
文摘East China Normal University received a text message from a faculty member, which said. ＂Last month, you spent less on meals, Are you in financial difficulty？ If so, please contact me via phone, text message or e-mail.＂
基金supported by the Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Q20141902)。
文摘Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict plant native to China that has been widely introduced into many countries and areas around the world. However,its seeds germinate at a very low percentage. Consequently,population regeneration by seed is low under natural conditions, which probably contributes to the endangered status of this plant species. The present study aimed to describe the aging mechanism of M. glyptostroboides seeds. Our objective was to elucidate causes of the low germination rate in an effort to enhance potential for conservation of the species. We used germination tests,relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content determination, ultrastructural observation of embryo cells, and analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase,ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase activities during accelerated aging treatment. We found that M. glyptostroboides seeds have a low level of vigorand poor ability to maintain vigor, which is probably associated with the inefficiency of its enzymatic antioxidative system.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of growth hormone in the diurnal variation of insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Afternoon (16:00 hr) or night (23:00 hr) pretreatment with a subcutaneous injection of normal saline, human growth hormone to mimic the normal nocturnal rise in growth hormone, or octreotide to inhibit endogenous growth hormone secretion to create a state of relative nocturnal growth hormone deficiency, was given 16 hours before undergoing the modified insulin suppression test in healthy subjects. The morning and evening experiments were separated by an interval of at least 3 days. Thus, each subject was tested on six separate occasions arranged in a random order. A higher value of the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) is indicative of lower insulin sensitivity. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) were measured. In the normal saline and human growth hormone groups, SSPG levels were lower in the morning than in the evening. Evening SSPG levels, MCRI, and NEFA concentrations were higher in the participants treated with normal saline and growth hormone than in the octreotide group. Differences in SSPG levels between the morning and evening values were higher in the participants pretreated with normal saline and growth hormone than in those treated with octreotide. A diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity existed in healthy subjects. These results provided direct evidence that the role of growth hormone in regulating insulin sensitivity might be related to changes in the MCRI and the metabolism of NEFA in healthy subjects.
文摘This year marks the 45th anniversary of Malaysia-China diplomatic relations. In the early 15th Century, Zheng He, a Ming Dynasty maritime explorer, made seven voyages to the Western Seas and passed through the Malacca Strait more than once, resulting in many tales of trade and cultural exchanges between the peoples of China and Malaysia. Over the past 40 years since the beginning of China’s reform and openingup, Chinese Malaysians have invested in businesses and made donations to schools in China, laying a solid foundation for the further development of Malaysia- China relations.
文摘This study is concerned with determining the altitude of the sun under the horizon to the beginning and the end of the true and pseudo dawn and dusk. In 2007 and 2008, the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) was used in four regions in Malaysia to measure the brightness at night, pseudo dawn, true dawn, true dusk and pseudo dusk. The measurements were taken when the device was directed to the position of sunrise and sunset at the horizontal angle of the sunrise or sunset and at five degrees above the horizon during the entire monitoring period. The altitude of the sun for the true dusk was found to be -14.38°± 0.91°and for the beginning of the pseudo dusk was found to be -14.86°± 0.91°and the end of the pseudo dusk is -17.8°± 0.7°, while for the beginning of the true dawn it was found to be -14.19°± 0.52°(for high confidence -14.71°) and for the pseudo dawn was found to be -18.62°± 0.82°. The light magnitude of the full night after the pseudo dusk was found to be 20.77 ± 0.93 mag./arcsec<sup>2</sup>, while it was found to be 22.17 ± 0.1 mag./arcsec<sup>2</sup> before the pseudo dawn.
文摘IN just two years Malawi had turned into a full-blown dictatorship despite a democratic constitution. Malawi had also turned into an economic basket case without adequate forex and worse still had insulted its donors and investors, sending some back to their respective countries. All this happened under the rule of President Bingu wa Mutharika who passed away on April 5, 2012 at the age of 78.
文摘43.dauntless(形容词) 该词的意思是“不屈不挠的,无所畏惧的”。英语的释义是fearless;incapable of beingdiscouraged。在莎士比亚的《亨利六世下篇》(Third Partof King Henry Ⅵ)中,法国国王对英国的QueenMargaret表示同情,为了安慰她,请她坐到自己的身边来,并请她放宽心:
文摘To determine the influence of pairing status on dawn singing behaviour in pied bush chats Saxicola caprata, we conducted mate removal experiments across eight territories. The experiment was divided into three stages： pre-removal （pairs were present on their respective territories）, removal （females were experimentally removed）, and returned （females were released into the focal pairs＇ territories）. Dawn bout length, song rate, song complexity, percentage performance time, song perch height, and distance of singing location to territory boundary were measured for each male during each experimental stage. We did not find an effect of mate removal on any dawn song characteristics of male pied bush chats suggesting that the presence or absence of a mate does not influence male dawn singing behaviour. Our findings further suggest that males use dawn chorus to mediate social relationships with neighbouring males to proclaim an established territory
