Landscape change on burned blanks in Daxing'an Mountains

Daxing抋n Mountains was one of the most important forest areas in China, but it was also an area which was prone to suffering forest fire. The catastrophic forest fire that occurred in Daxing抋n Mountains on May 6, 1987 devastated more than 1.33?06 hm2 of natural forests, which leaded to the formation of some mosaic areas with different burn intensities. Two forest farms of Tuqiang Forest Bureau (124?5-122?8E, 53?4-52?5N) were chosen as a typical area to analyze the post-fire landscape change by drawing and comparing the two digital forest stand maps of 1987 and 2000. The landscape lands of forest were classi-fied into 12 types: coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, needle-broadleaf mixed forest, shrub, nursery, harvested area, burned blanks, agricultural land, swamp, water, built-up, grass. The results showed that: 1) The burned blanks was almost restored, some of them mainly converted into broadleaf forest land during the process of natural restoration, and coniferous forest land by the artificial re-forestation, and the others almost changed into swamp or grass land; 2) The proportion of forest area increased from 47.6% in 1987 to 81.3% in 2002. Therefore, a few management countermeasures, such as the enhancing peoples consciousness of fire-proofing and constructing species diversity, were put forward for forest sustainable development.

A new pathotype characterization of Daxing and Huangyuan populations of cereal cyst nematode(Heterodera avenae) in China

The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard ＂International Test Assortment＂ with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations＇ virulence on resistant genes（Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1） and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan（Ha1）. Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars（Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias） were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.

Site classification of the eastern forest region of Daxing'an Mountains

Based on the plot data from the investigation and the theory of forest ecology and ecological system,the site classification of the eastern forest region of Daxing’an Mountains was made by mean of mathematical method. The main factors were slope, thickness of soil layer, slope position and slope aspect. Grades of slope were used as the division standard for site type group. The slope aspect, slope position and thickness of soil layer were used as the division standards for site type. Altogether 7 site type groups and 15 main site types were determined the region. It provided reliable fundamental basis for the reasonable management and planting design in the area.

Spring habitat selection of sables in Daxing'an Mountains

This paper studies the habitat selection of sables (Martes. zibellina) in spring adopting radio-tracking and GPS (Global Positioning System) in Daxing’an Mountains of China. Sables liked mature and elder forest, but it avoided uncovered and young growth land. In spring sables had strong selection to medium cover-degree forest, but it avoided widen ground and especial high cover-degree forest. On the contrary sables didn’t have the strong selection to shrubs cover-degree, but strong selection to dominant tree species, slope degree and slope direction, especially sable liked medium and lower slope. At the same time, sables had the strong selection to the log’s density and the crown’s cover-degree. Generally it avoided high elevation and lower slope land.

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of Early Cretaceous granites in Highland 1248 of Daxing'anling

The Early Cretaceous granitic complex in Highland 1248 of Daxing'anling successively consists of intruded granodiorite,monzonite granite and syenite granite. Through test analysis on the major,trace and rare earth elements of the intrusive complex,this study focuses on the source characteristics and tectonic environment of the original magma of intrusive complex. The results show that the intrusive rocks in Highland 1248 are meta-aluminous-peraluminous rocks in calc-alkaline series with homologous characteristics in δEu negative anomalies; the complex is enriched in LILE( Rb,Cs and K) and depleted in HFSE( lanthanide,Sc,Y,U,Nb and Ta),displaying the geochemical characteristics of I-type granites in active continental-margin subduction zones. The complex also has the characteristics of granites after the collision of plate with rich aluminum and high potassium,but significantly depleted Nb,Ta,Ti,P and other elements,i. e. in the orogenic evolutionary stage. The zircon U-Pb SHRIMP isotopic apparent age of the complex in Highland 1248 is 140. 0--141. 0Ma,and the formation time is in Early Cretaceous.

Population Characteristics of Dendrolims Superans in Daxing'an Mountains

Dendrolims superans produced one generation every two years Large larvae and small larvae exist at the sametime. lt broke out in Daxiang an Mountains in 1990. and seriously destroyed growth of Larix gmelum Rupr In order to control D Superans.the population properties of D.superans were stedied from 1991 to 1992 including sex ratio.age distribution. pattern etc.. The sex ratio of D. superans population is The larvae age distrihution indicates that larvaeover 5 instar is less than younger larvae under 4 instar in Yongqing forest farm- but the younger larvae under 4 instar is morethan larvae over 5 instar in Hanjiayuanzi Forest Farm. The population of D. superans in Yongqing Farm has heen declining.and incrcasing in Hanjiayuanzi. Pupae and eggs are mainly distributed in middle and lower crowns layer of trees. respec-tively account for 66% and 59.5%, of total individuals. The pupae in higher cown layer is lightly regular distrihution. andclumping distribution middle and lower crowns layer of trees. The eggs in higher crown is light clumpin1g distribution. andrandom in middle and low crown of tree.

Quantitative dynamics on stimulating regeneration and sowing seedlings of Larix gmelinii in Daxing'an Mountains

To understand the quantitative dynamics and death reason of stimulating regeneration seedlings is significant for stimulating the natural regeneration ofLarix gmelinii and implement of conservation project of natural forest. This paper summarized location observations and directly-seeding simulation experiments of six permanent sample plots that were set up after the seed bumper harvest year ofLarix gmelinii in 1989. The study showed that stimulating natural regeneration seedlings had a large mortality in the first three years, especially in the first year of seedling emergence. After three years seedlings died less and stepped into the stable regeneration stage. A large number of seedlings died of sunscald as the primary death reason. For those areas of good site conditions and rich soil, damping-off would cause seedlings to death in large quantities. The task of stimulating regeneration is mainly to get rid of the litter (forest floor) on burned areas. By means of promoting measures, emergence rate of sown seeds would be several times and dozens of times higher than that of seed shedding on the condition of retention of forest floor. Promoting the regeneration need to select the suitable site against great slope and low-lying lands; at the same time, be careful of the avoidance of frost heaving by depression water.

Classification,metallogenesis and exploration of silver deposits in Daxing’anling of Inner Mongolia and its adjacent areas

By the end of 2020,83 silver deposits(or ore occurrences),including four super-large-scale deposits,nine large-scale deposits,33 medium-scale deposits and 37 small-scale deposits or ore occurrences,have been proved.The amount of silver metal exceeds 86000 t with average grade of 100 g/t,which makes Daxing’anling region one of the the most important silver ore belt in China.However,the metallogenic characteristics and metallogenesis need to be clarified.The silver deposits in the study area are classified into three main types,which are magmatic hydrothermal vein type,continental volcano-subvolcanic type and skarn type,respectively.The supergiant deposits include the Shuangjianzishan deposit(silver metal amount of 15214 t with average grade of 138 g/t),the Baiyinchagandongshan deposit(silver metal amount of 9446 t with average grade of 187 g/t),the Huaobaote deposit(silver metal amount of 6852 t with average grade of 170 g/t),and the Fuxingtun deposit(silver metal amount of 5240 t with average grade of 196 g/t).The silver deposits are mainly distributed in the central and south of the Daxing’anling area,and mainly formed in the Yanshanian period.The silver polymetallic deposits in the Daxinganling area are significantly controlled by regional faults and the junction zone of volcanic rock basins and their margins.The north-east trending deep faults are the most important ore-controlling structures in this area.The distribution of silver polymetallic deposits along the main faults is obvious,and the intersection area of multiple groups of faults often form important mine catchments.The Permian is the most important ore-bearing formation in this area,but some important silver polymetallic deposits occur in Mesozoic volcanic basins or pre-Mesozoic strata.The magmatic rocks related to mineralization are mainly intermediate acidic or acidic intrusions,intermediate acidic lavas,pyroclastic rocks,and small intrusions of ultra-shallow or shallow facies of the Yanshanian Period.The mineralization element combination is mainly determined by the elemental geochemical background of surrounding rocks or source layers.In addition,the type of deposit,the distance from the mineralization center,and the degree of differentiation of ore-forming rock mass are also important influence factors.The article analyzes the prospecting prospects of each silver deposit type in the study area,discusses the relationship between mineralization center and deep prospecting,and proposes that porphyry silver deposits should be paid attention to.In the prospecting and exploration of silver deposits,comprehensive evaluation and multi-target prospecting need to be strengthened because silver can coexist or be associated with a variety of metals.

Research on Grade Renewing of Cultivated Land at County Level:A Case Study of Daxing District,Beijing

To create a scientific way to renew the grades of cultivated land at county level, monitoring points were set up according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land in Daxing District, Beijing, and soil samples were collected to carry out chemical analysis. Afterwards, the input and output data of cultivated land in each village were surveyed to renew the grades of cultivated land. The results indicate that the average natural grade of cultivated land was 8.4, which was equal to that of 2004; the average utilization grade was 8.1, which was slightly higher than that of 2004; the average economic grade was 9.9, which was lower than that of 2004. It is concluded that it is scientific to renew cultivated land grades through scientifically setting monitoring points according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land.

面向一统的都城规划——再论隋大兴的空间形制建构及其历史意义

隋大兴是在一统全国过程中规划建设的新都城。其营建不仅在于都城空间本身,也包括以都城为核心面向整个疆域的一系列空间建构。本文分析了中国古代“大一统”思想的发展演变以及隋大兴的建设背景,认为隋初围绕大兴城在疆域范围、近畿区域、都城形态三个层面的一系列空间建构是中国古代“大一统”思想与全国一统进程实际需要相结合的空间政治实践,呼应了当时的军事、政治、经济、文化等需求,丰富和发展了“大一统”理念在都城规划中的表达,提高了都城在国家秩序建构和国家认同形成方面的作用,推动了隋唐“大一统”时代的形成和巩固。

基于MIDAS的DAX网络发布技术在油田WebGIS中的应用研究

提出了基于 MIDAS的 DAX网络发布技术在Web GIS中的设计方法。该方法在一个共享的中间层上封装了商业规则 ,集中的实现了应用服务器所要实现的功能 ,使客户程序将重点放在显示数据和与用户交互上。将这项技术应用于油田中的地质图绘制方面 ,解决了油田中多层分布式异构数据库的访问、管理和地质图件的动态生成问题。研制开发的“基于 Web GIS地质图绘制软件包”在大庆油田推广使用 ,取得了良好的效果。

荧光定量PCR检测牛性别相关基因DAX1表达的标准质粒和标准曲线的构建

本研究根据GenBank中登录的剂量敏感的性别反转-先天性肾上腺发育不良基因1(dosage-sensitive sex reversal,adrenal hypoplasia critical region,on chromosome X,gene 1,DAX1)设计引物,构建包含DAX1基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为中国荷斯坦牛DAX1基因mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立了DAX1基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102～106拷贝,阈值循环数(Ct)与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值间有着良好的线性关系(r=0.99975),扩增效率高(E=100%),可以作为检测牛DAX1基因mRNA定量检测方法。

遥感蒸散发驱动HYDRUS-RS模型模拟剖面土壤含水率

【目的】提出一种物理机制明确、具有区域尺度模拟潜力且模拟精度较高的剖面土壤体积含水率(土壤含水率)模拟模型,评估北京大兴区夏玉米生育期不同土层土壤含水率模拟精度。【方法】利用MODIS数据和地表能量平衡系统(SEBS)模型反演大兴区蒸散发(ET),将其拆分为土壤蒸发(E)和植株蒸腾(T),驱动HYDRUS-1D模型中的源汇项,基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台构建HYDRUS-RS模型模拟剖面土壤含水率,并在2018年夏玉米生育期得到验证。【结果】SEBS模型中的R_n模拟效果最好,决定系数(R2)、偏差(Bias)、均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.81、11W/m2、54.8W/m2;2018年大兴区夏玉米生育期逐日ET主要介于3~6mm/d,土壤含水率监测样点的ET不尽相同,但变化规律相似;在夏玉米生育期,HYDRUS-RS模型模拟的40~60cm土壤含水率精度最高,Bias为0.2%,RMSE为2.1%,R2为0.80。【结论】HYDRUS-RS模型物理机制明确、具有区域尺度模拟潜力,40~60cm土层土壤含水率模拟精度最高。

大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维建模及其最大潜在地震评估

通过最新的浅部地震反射剖面和钻孔资料发现了大兴凸起东缘断裂全新世活动的证据,这一发现改变了近几十年以来认为的其晚第四纪以来没有活动的结论,对北京市地震灾害风险普查工作具有重要的应用价值,同时也对大兴凸起东缘断裂最大潜在地震的震级上限评估提出了新的挑战。文中通过收集和整理多条地震浅层物探剖面和地震深反射剖面,利用SKUA-GOCAD三维建模软件构建了大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维模型,模拟了大兴凸起东缘断裂在三维空间中的展布情况,揭示了该断裂的几何学特征及深浅构造关系。通过将大兴凸起东缘断裂和与其呈右阶排列的夏垫断裂进行构造类比,对大兴凸起东缘断裂深、浅部的构造特征进行了讨论,认为大兴凸起东缘断裂是一条深浅共存的活动断裂,并利用震级-破裂尺度经验关系式综合估计该断裂上可能诱发的最大潜在地震为7.5级。这一结论对首都圈南部地区开展震灾防治工作具有重要的科学指导意义。

高分辨率InSAR技术在北京大兴国际机场形变监测中的应用

北京大兴国际机场位于大兴榆垡—礼贤地区,是北京市五大区域地面沉降区之一,不均匀的形变会对机场的安全稳定运行产生影响。文章基于时间序列InSAR技术,利用2019年9月—2021年11月间39景高分辨率COSMO-SkyMed SAR影像,获取了北京大兴国际机场形变信息的时空特征,监测结果精度较高,与水准监测结果基本吻合。结果表明,北京大兴国际机场的沉降在2019—2021年持续发展,最大沉降速率为-47.5 mm/a,最大累积沉降量达到-103.84 mm,4条跑道均存在不均匀沉降。进一步详细分析了跑道在时间、空间上的形变特征,以及航站楼、维修机坪、油罐区、公务机坪等其他形变较大区域的形变信息,并结合地基处理方式对影响沉降的驱动因素进一步分析。文章可为大兴机场的安全平稳运营提供参考。

基于Landsat时间序列数据的火烧迹地识别与恢复效果评价

为研究大兴安岭地区火烧迹地识别和火后植被恢复状况,基于2006—2020年Landsat TM遥感影像,利用Google Earth Engine编写代码,以2006年大兴安岭地区松岭区那源林场森林火灾为研究背景,以差分归一化燃烧指数(dNBR)为基础数据进行火烧迹地识别,并对火烧烈度进行轻度、中度、重度和极重的等级划分;基于火烧迹地的增强型植被指数(EVI)值,采用一元线性回归分析、用于气候诊断与预测的Mann-Kendall突变检验法和用于做趋势分析的Theil-Sen median趋势分析等方法分析火烧迹地2006—2020年的植被恢复特征,探究大兴安岭地区火烧迹地植被恢复进程。结果表明,1)基于dNBR得到研究区过火面积为2488.7 hm^(2),其中轻度、中度、重度和极重火烧迹地面积占比分别为23.5%、9.6%、35.2%和31.7%,重度和极重过火区分布于火烧迹地西部和东部,过火强度从中部向南部和北部逐渐降低,其EVI值与火烧前相比分别下降了约30%、40%、58%和67%;2)不同烈度林地火烧迹地EVI恢复速率由大到小表现为极重、重度、中度、轻度,植被恢复过程中,迹地EVI值逐渐增加,其中,轻度和中度火烧迹地可在火后6~8 a恢复,而重度火烧迹地的恢复则需14 a;3)火烧迹地恢复过程中,林地EVI突变点较灌草地少,说明森林生态系统较灌草地稳定性强。不同烈度林地火烧迹地的突变情况也存在一定差异,且对照区的突变时间点滞后于火烧迹地。

2个先天性肾上腺发育不良家系中DAX-1基因的新突变

目的:探讨2个X-连锁先天性肾上腺发育不良家系的临床特征,检测患者及其家属中是否存在DAX-1基因突变。方法:对2个家系中4例患者分别进行相关医学检查获取临床资料,并取得所有患者及其家系成员的外周血标本;提取全血基因组DNA,PCR扩增DAX-1基因的2个外显子,包括外显子和内含子边界,扩增产物经纯化后直接测序进行基因检测。测序结果在核苷酸序列数据库进行比较分析。结果:1个家系中的3例患者(均为青春期前发病)DAX-1基因第1外显子处均存在119-120insT半合子移码突变,家系中有2例女性为此突变的杂合子;另1个家系中的1例患者(青春期发病)DAX-1基因第1外显子处存在993delC半合子移码突变,家系中有3例女性为此突变的杂合子。结论:在2个中国先天性肾上腺发育不良家系中发现DAX-1新的移码突变119-120insT和993delC。

内蒙古大兴安岭林火时空动态的变化特征

内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾频发,研究其季节性变化趋势及空间动态分布特征,对今后该地区森林防火期划分和防火资源的合理分配具有重要意义。利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、滑动t检验法对1981—2018年内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾数据进行趋势和突变分析,使用分位数回归法研究影响森林火灾过火面积的时间与空间因素,得出内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾在时间和空间上的动态变化特征。结果表明:内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾整体呈先下降(1981—1999年)再上升(2000—2007年)又下降(2008—2018年)的趋势。森林火灾主要发生在春、夏、秋三季,春季森林火灾变化较复杂,波动明显,在1991年发生突变;秋季森林火灾波动较平缓,但在1994年发生突变;2004—2011年期间夏季森林火灾明显增长,火险期向夏季发生偏移和延长;冬季发生火灾较少。森林火灾过火面积与火灾持续时间呈正相关,尤其在高分位点处,正相关性更加显著。内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾主要发生在鄂伦春自治旗等地,从空间横向动态变化来看,整体呈现由西南向东北递增的趋势;从空间纵向动态变化来看,海拔对森林火灾过火面积的影响并不显著。建议应加强内蒙古大兴安岭东北地区及春、夏两季的林火监测和防火宣传,适当调整森林防火期和防火资源时空分配,将有助于减少内蒙古大兴安岭森林火灾的发生。