A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resou...A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human health and environmental risks, this practice is a meaningful option in the water supply portfolio for many utilities.展开更多
为探究des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的活性作用和机制,本研究以des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside为实验药物对HepG2.2.15细胞进行干预,实验分为药物干预组和对照组,采用串联质谱标签(Tandem Mass Tag,TMT)蛋白质组学...为探究des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的活性作用和机制,本研究以des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside为实验药物对HepG2.2.15细胞进行干预,实验分为药物干预组和对照组,采用串联质谱标签(Tandem Mass Tag,TMT)蛋白质组学方法对提取的总蛋白进行分析。结果表明,共筛选得到300个差异表达蛋白,其中有109个上调蛋白,191个下调蛋白。基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)分析结果显示,差异蛋白主要参与DNA复制(DNA replication)、鞘糖脂代谢(Glycosphingolipid metabolic process)、细胞增殖(Cell proliferation)、寡糖分解代谢(Oligosaccharide catabolic process)等生物学过程,以及DNA聚合酶活性(DNA polymerase activity)、丝氨酸型羧肽酶活性(Serine type carboxypeptidase activity)、DNA引物酶活性(DNA primase activity)等分子功能。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)分析结果显示,差异蛋白主要参与细胞代谢(Metabolism)、遗传信息传导(Genetic information processing)、生物系统通路(Organismal systems)等相关信号通路。亚细胞定位分析表明,差异蛋白大多定位在细胞质和细胞核。本研究共筛选出13个与抗HBV密切相关的蛋白。通过定量蛋白组学初步揭示des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside可能通过增加HGF、SORT1、MAN2B1,减少PRIM1、PRIM2、POLA1、POLD3、POLD2、POLD1、POLE、ERCC2、LAMC1、SDC1等蛋白表达来起到体外抗HBV的作用。展开更多
The Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica is one of the greatest works in the history of Greek-Arabic Traditional Medicine, and also is an essential medical textbook and pharmacological standard in Eur...The Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica is one of the greatest works in the history of Greek-Arabic Traditional Medicine, and also is an essential medical textbook and pharmacological standard in Europe. This paper studied the historical background, academic characteristics, editions, and significant contributions to traditional medicine of De Materia Medica and Dioscorides. It was concluded that the book has substantial scientific importance and remarkable cultural attributes. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides has both nourished world traditional medicine and promoted the communication and development of medicinal knowledge worldwide. It is significant for us to explore further the related understanding of traditional medicine, history, society, and culture.展开更多
Amongst the important phenomena in neurophysiology, nerve pulse generation and propagation is fundamental. Scientists have studied this phenomena using mathematical models based on experimental observations on the phy...Amongst the important phenomena in neurophysiology, nerve pulse generation and propagation is fundamental. Scientists have studied this phenomena using mathematical models based on experimental observations on the physiological processes in the nerve cell. Widely used models include: the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model, which is based entirely on the electrical activity of the nerve cell;and the Heimburg and Jackson (H-J), model based on the thermodynamic activity of the nerve cell. These classes of models do not, individually, give a complete picture of the processes that lead to nerve pulse generation and propagation. Recently, a hybrid model proposed by Mengnjo, Dikandé and Ngwa (M-D-N), takes into consideration both the electrical and thermodynamic activities of the nerve cell. In their work, the first three bound states of the model are analytically computed and they showed great resemblance to some of the experimentally observed pulse profiles. With these bound states, the M-D-N model reduces to an initial value problem of a linear parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficients. In this work we consider the resulting initial value problem and, using the theory of function spaces, propose and prove conditions under which such equations will admit unique solutions. We then verify that the resulting initial value problem from the M-D-N model satisfies these conditions and so has a unique solution. Given that the derived initial value problem is complex and there are no known analytic techniques that can be deployed to obtain its solution, we designed a numerical experiment to estimate the solutions. The simulations revealed that the unique solution is a stable pulse that propagates in the x-t plane with constant velocity and maintains the shape of the initial profile.展开更多
Construction delay is a widespread issue in the construction industry of developing countries, and Nepal is no exception. These delays extend project durations and lead to cost overruns and disputes among stakeholders...Construction delay is a widespread issue in the construction industry of developing countries, and Nepal is no exception. These delays extend project durations and lead to cost overruns and disputes among stakeholders. To address this problem, this study aimed to identify and analyze the significant factors that contribute to construction project delays in Nepal. To gather data, a well-structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 100 participants, including contractors, consultants, and civil engineers. Various statistical tests were conducted to ensure the data’s integrity and consistency, such as reliability assessments and factor analyses. The findings of the study highlighted multiple factors contributing to delays in construction projects such as inadequate design, poor communication, and coordination among stakeholders, insufficient experience and planning by contractors, delays in material delivery and testing, labor-related problems including shortages and low qualifications, and external factors like regulatory changes and unforeseen circumstances. By identifying these major causes of construction project delays, this study presented insightful information that can contribute to the analysis and evaluation of project performance.展开更多
文摘A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human health and environmental risks, this practice is a meaningful option in the water supply portfolio for many utilities.
文摘为探究des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的活性作用和机制,本研究以des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside为实验药物对HepG2.2.15细胞进行干预,实验分为药物干预组和对照组,采用串联质谱标签(Tandem Mass Tag,TMT)蛋白质组学方法对提取的总蛋白进行分析。结果表明,共筛选得到300个差异表达蛋白,其中有109个上调蛋白,191个下调蛋白。基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)分析结果显示,差异蛋白主要参与DNA复制(DNA replication)、鞘糖脂代谢(Glycosphingolipid metabolic process)、细胞增殖(Cell proliferation)、寡糖分解代谢(Oligosaccharide catabolic process)等生物学过程,以及DNA聚合酶活性(DNA polymerase activity)、丝氨酸型羧肽酶活性(Serine type carboxypeptidase activity)、DNA引物酶活性(DNA primase activity)等分子功能。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)分析结果显示,差异蛋白主要参与细胞代谢(Metabolism)、遗传信息传导(Genetic information processing)、生物系统通路(Organismal systems)等相关信号通路。亚细胞定位分析表明,差异蛋白大多定位在细胞质和细胞核。本研究共筛选出13个与抗HBV密切相关的蛋白。通过定量蛋白组学初步揭示des(rhamnosyl)verbascoside可能通过增加HGF、SORT1、MAN2B1,减少PRIM1、PRIM2、POLA1、POLD3、POLD2、POLD1、POLE、ERCC2、LAMC1、SDC1等蛋白表达来起到体外抗HBV的作用。
文摘The Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica is one of the greatest works in the history of Greek-Arabic Traditional Medicine, and also is an essential medical textbook and pharmacological standard in Europe. This paper studied the historical background, academic characteristics, editions, and significant contributions to traditional medicine of De Materia Medica and Dioscorides. It was concluded that the book has substantial scientific importance and remarkable cultural attributes. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides has both nourished world traditional medicine and promoted the communication and development of medicinal knowledge worldwide. It is significant for us to explore further the related understanding of traditional medicine, history, society, and culture.
文摘Amongst the important phenomena in neurophysiology, nerve pulse generation and propagation is fundamental. Scientists have studied this phenomena using mathematical models based on experimental observations on the physiological processes in the nerve cell. Widely used models include: the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model, which is based entirely on the electrical activity of the nerve cell;and the Heimburg and Jackson (H-J), model based on the thermodynamic activity of the nerve cell. These classes of models do not, individually, give a complete picture of the processes that lead to nerve pulse generation and propagation. Recently, a hybrid model proposed by Mengnjo, Dikandé and Ngwa (M-D-N), takes into consideration both the electrical and thermodynamic activities of the nerve cell. In their work, the first three bound states of the model are analytically computed and they showed great resemblance to some of the experimentally observed pulse profiles. With these bound states, the M-D-N model reduces to an initial value problem of a linear parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficients. In this work we consider the resulting initial value problem and, using the theory of function spaces, propose and prove conditions under which such equations will admit unique solutions. We then verify that the resulting initial value problem from the M-D-N model satisfies these conditions and so has a unique solution. Given that the derived initial value problem is complex and there are no known analytic techniques that can be deployed to obtain its solution, we designed a numerical experiment to estimate the solutions. The simulations revealed that the unique solution is a stable pulse that propagates in the x-t plane with constant velocity and maintains the shape of the initial profile.
文摘Construction delay is a widespread issue in the construction industry of developing countries, and Nepal is no exception. These delays extend project durations and lead to cost overruns and disputes among stakeholders. To address this problem, this study aimed to identify and analyze the significant factors that contribute to construction project delays in Nepal. To gather data, a well-structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 100 participants, including contractors, consultants, and civil engineers. Various statistical tests were conducted to ensure the data’s integrity and consistency, such as reliability assessments and factor analyses. The findings of the study highlighted multiple factors contributing to delays in construction projects such as inadequate design, poor communication, and coordination among stakeholders, insufficient experience and planning by contractors, delays in material delivery and testing, labor-related problems including shortages and low qualifications, and external factors like regulatory changes and unforeseen circumstances. By identifying these major causes of construction project delays, this study presented insightful information that can contribute to the analysis and evaluation of project performance.
