SAR Change Detection Algorithm Combined with FFDNet Spatial Denoising

Objectives:When detecting changes in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images,the quality of the difference map has an important impact on the detection results,and the speckle noise in the image interferes with the extraction of change information.In order to improve the detection accuracy of SAR image change detection and improve the quality of the difference map,this paper proposes a method that combines the popular deep neural network with the clustering algorithm.Methods:Firstly,the SAR image with speckle noise was constructed,and the FFDNet architecture was used to retrain the SAR image,and the network parameters with better effect on speckle noise suppression were obtained.Then the log ratio operator is generated by using the reconstructed image output from the network.Finally,K-means and FCM clustering algorithms are used to analyze the difference images,and the binary map of change detection results is generated.Results:The experimental results have high detection accuracy on Bern and Sulzberger’s real data,which proves the effectiveness of the method.

Reduction of ultrasonic echo noise based on improved wavelet threshold de-noising algorithm for friction welding

In the ultrasonic detection of defects in friction welded joints, it is difficult to exactly detect some weak bonding defects because of the noise pollution. This paper proposed an improved threshold function based on the multi-resolution analysis wavelet threshold de-noising method which was put forward by Donoho and Johnstone, and applied this method in the de-noising of the defective signals. This threshold function overcomes the discontinuous shortcoming of the hard-threshold function and the disadvantage of soft threshold function which causes an invariable deviation between the estimated wavelet coeffwients and the decomposed wavelet coefficients. The improved threshold function is of simple expression and convenient for calculation. The actual test results of defect noise signal show that this improved method can get less mean square error （ MSE ） and higher signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed signals than those calculated from hard threshold and soft threshold methods. The improved threshold function has excellent de-noising effect.

Salt and Pepper Noise Filter Based on GA-BP Algorithm Noise Detector

基于噪声检测的中值滤波器已广泛用于消除图像中的椒盐噪声，然而在高噪声密度情况下，对噪声像素的定位不准确很容易造成图像边缘的模糊。本文提出了一种基于GA-BP的椒盐噪声滤波算法，克服了这一缺陷。算法首先用遗传算法优化的BP网络对图像中的噪声像素定位，然后引入保边函数和PRP算法求目标函数的极值进而实现图像的去噪处理。实验结果表明，该算法比传统滤波算法效果有明显改善，且具有良好的泛化性、鲁棒性和自适应性。

基于EM-KF算法的微地震信号去噪方法

针对微地震信号能量较弱,噪声较强,使微地震弱信号难以提取问题,提出了一种基于EM-KF(Expectation Maximization Kalman Filter)的微地震信号去噪方法。通过建立一个符合微地震信号规律的状态空间模型,并利用EM(Expectation Maximization)算法获取卡尔曼滤波的参数最优解,结合卡尔曼滤波,可以有效地提升微地震信号的信噪比,同时保留有效信号。通过合成和真实数据实验结果表明,与传统的小波滤波和卡尔曼滤波相比,该方法具有更高的效率和更好的精度。

基于PEMD-MPE算法的露天矿爆破振动信号降噪方法

为了去除露天矿山爆破振动信号中混入的噪声成分,提出了一种基于PEMD-MPE算法的降噪方法。该算法通过自适应性正交经验模态分解(PEMD)得到完全正交的本征模态函数(IMF)分量,然后对各个IMF分量进行多尺度排列熵(MPE)的随机性检测,成功确定其中的噪声分量并将其去除。采用该算法对实测的露天矿山爆破振动信号进行降噪处理。结果表明:相比EMD-MPE和EEMD-MPE算法,PEMD-MPE算法的信噪比分别提高了3.520 dB和1.107 dB,且重构标准差和均方根误差最小,说明该算法不仅能够有效去除爆破振动信号中的噪声成分,还能有效保留真实信号。

基于sigmoid-sinh分段函数的变步长FxLMS算法

为改善滤波-x最小均方(filtered-x least mean square,FxLMS)算法在噪声主动控制时无法兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差的问题,提出了基于sigmoid-sinh分段函数的FxLMS(SSFxLMS)算法,并引入蚁狮算法对SFxLMS(sigmoid filtered-x least mean square)、ShFxLMS(sinh filtered-x least mean square)、SSFxLMS算法的参数进行优化。分别采用高斯白噪声和实测簇绒地毯织机噪声为输入信号,采用FxLMS、SFxLMS、ShFxLMS、SSFxLMS算法进行噪声主动控制仿真,对比分析这4种算法的性能。结果表明:与其他3种算法相比,采用SSFxLMS算法对高斯白噪声和簇绒地毯织机噪声进行控制时,误差信号的平均绝对值更小,平均降噪量与收敛速度也有大幅度提升。由此可知,SSFxLMS算法有效改善了FxLMS算法无法兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差的问题,研究结果为噪声主动控制算法设计提供了一定的参考。

Expectation-maximization (EM) Algorithm Based on IMM Filtering with Adaptive Noise Covariance

A novel method under the interactive multiple model (IMM) filtering framework is presented in this paper, in which the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to identify the process noise covariance Q online. For the existing IMM filtering theory, the matrix Q is determined by means of design experience, but Q is actually changed with the state of the maneuvering target. Meanwhile it is severely influenced by the environment around the target, i.e., it is a variable of time. Therefore, the experiential covariance Q can not represent the influence of state noise in the maneuvering process exactly. Firstly, it is assumed that the evolved state and the initial conditions of the system can be modeled by using Gaussian distribution, although the dynamic system is of a nonlinear measurement equation, and furthermore the EM algorithm based on IMM filtering with the Q identification online is proposed. Secondly, the truncated error analysis is performed. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation results are given to show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms and the tracking precision for the maneuvering targets is improved efficiently.

边坡安全监测GPS-RTK信号的降噪算法研究

全球定位系统实时动态差分技术(global positioning system-real time kinematic, GPS-RTK)是解决路基边坡安全监测问题的重要手段,但GPS-RTK信号易受到多路径误差和共模误差的影响。基于小波变换(wavelet transform, WT)和主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)分别可以有效去除多路径误差和共模误差,提出WT-PCA算法去除信号误差。首先设置仿真信号,通过参数调优进一步提高单一算法的降噪效果。其次提出组合算法WT-PCA改进单一算法的缺陷,并与其他组合算法进行对比分析。最后,对十天高速路基边坡的GPS-RTK监测数据进行实例分析。结果表明,WT-PCA算法的信噪比和均方根误差较于WT-VMD优于66%和50%左右,算法可以有效地消除GPS-RTK信号的多路径误差和共模误差影响。提高边坡位移监测信号处理精度,进一步评估边坡结构形变及安全状态。

Modified Black Widow Optimization-Based Enhanced Threshold Energy Detection Technique for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

This study develops an Enhanced Threshold Based Energy Detection approach(ETBED)for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network.The threshold identification method is implemented in the received signal at the secondary user based on the square law.The proposed method is implemented with the signal transmission of multiple outputs-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.Additionally,the proposed method is considered the dynamic detection threshold adjustments and energy identification spectrum sensing technique in cognitive radio systems.In the dynamic threshold,the signal ratio-based threshold is fixed.The threshold is computed by considering the Modified Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(MBWO).So,the proposed methodology is a combination of dynamic threshold detection and MBWO.The general threshold-based detection technique has different limitations such as the inability optimal signal threshold for determining the presence of the primary user signal.These limitations undermine the sensing accuracy of the energy identification technique.Hence,the ETBED technique is developed to enhance the energy efficiency of cognitive radio networks.The projected approach is executed and analyzed with performance and comparison analysis.The proposed method is contrasted with the conventional techniques of theWhale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)and GreyWolf Optimization(GWO).It indicated superior results,achieving a high average throughput of 2.2 Mbps and an energy efficiency of 3.8,outperforming conventional techniques.

基于优化SSA-VMD的滚动轴承故障信号降噪方法

针对滚动轴承故障信号降噪的问题,提出了一种基于优化麻雀搜索算法和变分模态分解的降噪方法。该方法利用优化麻雀搜索算法在既定范围内对变分模态分解的相关参数进行寻优,得到输入信号的最佳分解结果,根据时域相关系数选择有效的分量重构输入信号,从而实现对输入信号的降噪,通过滚动轴承的仿真故障信号和实际故障信号两方面分别验证该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法相较于传统的变分模态分解方法拥有更好的降噪效果。

雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声声品质主动控制自适应均衡算法

雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声是影响车内声品质的重要因素之一,对其声品质主动控制有利于改善车内声学环境。为了实现对雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声声品质主动控制,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解的权重约束自适应噪声均衡(ensemble-empirical-mode-decomposition weight constrained adaptive noise equalizer,EWCANE)算法。首先通过集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法分解雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声得到非平稳度较低的固有模式函数分量,计算各分量的方差比以表征各分量对噪声的影响程度;然后基于输入信号和误差信号的欧式范数以自适应对滤波器权重进行约束来降低噪声的瞬态冲击;最后根据方差比调整声音增益因子以均衡各分量的声品质主动控制。经过仿真验证,实车雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声信号响度得到有效降低,改善了雨刮-风窗摩擦噪声的声品质。

Three-dimensional(3D)parametric measurements of individual gravels in the Gobi region using point cloud technique

Gobi spans a large area of China,surpassing the combined expanse of mobile dunes and semi-fixed dunes.Its presence significantly influences the movement of sand and dust.However,the complex origins and diverse materials constituting the Gobi result in notable differences in saltation processes across various Gobi surfaces.It is challenging to describe these processes according to a uniform morphology.Therefore,it becomes imperative to articulate surface characteristics through parameters such as the three-dimensional(3D)size and shape of gravel.Collecting morphology information for Gobi gravels is essential for studying its genesis and sand saltation.To enhance the efficiency and information yield of gravel parameter measurements,this study conducted field experiments in the Gobi region across Dunhuang City,Guazhou County,and Yumen City(administrated by Jiuquan City),Gansu Province,China in March 2023.A research framework and methodology for measuring 3D parameters of gravel using point cloud were developed,alongside improved calculation formulas for 3D parameters including gravel grain size,volume,flatness,roundness,sphericity,and equivalent grain size.Leveraging multi-view geometry technology for 3D reconstruction allowed for establishing an optimal data acquisition scheme characterized by high point cloud reconstruction efficiency and clear quality.Additionally,the proposed methodology incorporated point cloud clustering,segmentation,and filtering techniques to isolate individual gravel point clouds.Advanced point cloud algorithms,including the Oriented Bounding Box(OBB),point cloud slicing method,and point cloud triangulation,were then deployed to calculate the 3D parameters of individual gravels.These systematic processes allow precise and detailed characterization of individual gravels.For gravel grain size and volume,the correlation coefficients between point cloud and manual measurements all exceeded 0.9000,confirming the feasibility of the proposed methodology for measuring 3D parameters of individual gravels.The proposed workflow yields accurate calculations of relevant parameters for Gobi gravels,providing essential data support for subsequent studies on Gobi environments.

基于ICEEMDAN分解与SE重构和DBO-LSTM的滑坡位移预测

滑坡位移预测是防灾减灾的一项重要工作,针对位移分解后趋势项和周期项重构的合理性问题以及周期项位移预测精度不高的问题,提出了一种改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)、样本熵(SE)以及蜣螂算法(DBO)优化的长短期记忆网络(LSTM)组合模型进行位移预测。以八字门滑坡为研究对象,利用ICEEMDAN方法将滑坡累计位移进行分解,并用样本熵值表征分解得到的子序列,将其重构为趋势项和周期项位移。之后利用LSTM模型预测趋势项和周期项位移;通过灰色关联度的方法确定周期项位移的影响因素。考虑到LSTM网络中超参数的随机性会影响模型预测精度,引入蜣螂优化算法获取LSTM最优超参数,最终将预测得到的趋势项和周期项位移叠加得到累计位移。本文所提的ICEEMDAN-SE-DBO-LSTM模型预测周期项位移的RMSE、MAE、R23项指标分别为1.803 mm、1.584 mm、0.988,相较于DBO-BP,LSTM,GRU和BP模型预测效果更优,证明了模型的有效性。

Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise

For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method.

基于ICEEMDAN与POA-SVM的感应电机故障诊断

针对感应电机定子电流故障特征提取困难,支持向量机(SVM)惩罚系数c和核函数参数g的选择对诊断结果影响较大等问题,提出一种改进自适应噪声平均总体经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)与鹈鹕优化算法(POA)优化支持向量机(POA-SVM)相结合的感应电机故障诊断方法。首先,利用ICEEMDAN经陷波器滤除工频的定子电流获得一系列固有模态函数(IMF);然后,选取各状态信号的前7阶IMF分量并计算能量熵作为故障特征向量;最后,将故障特征向量输入POA-SVM模型得到诊断结果。通过仿真软件Ansoft/Maxwell建立电机模型来获得电流数据,诊断准确率达到了100%,实现了感应电机的故障诊断。为进一步验证诊断方法的优越性,搭建电机故障模拟试验台来采集电流信号,结果表明,该方法在空载、半载和满载3种负载情况下诊断准确率均可达到97.5%以上,与其他故障诊断方法相比,所提方法对感应电机电气故障具有更好的识别能力。

基于参数自适应的RSSD-CYCBD及在轴承外圈故障特征提取中的应用

针对滚动轴承工作环境复杂、故障特征信号易被高强度噪声掩盖的问题,提出了基于参数自适应的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用人工大猩猩部队优化算法(GTO),结合相关系数与相关峭度的融合指标,自适应选择RSSD分解参数,得到了仿真信号的最优低共振分量;然后,利用GTO结合包络熵,自适应选择CYCBD的循环频率和滤波器长度,对最优低共振分量进行了解卷积运算,从包络谱中获得了信号的故障特征频率;最后,利用美国凯斯西储大学试验台和MFS-MG机械故障综合模拟试验台数据,综合验证了该方法的有效性,并将试验结果与RSSD-MCKD方法的结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该方法能够准确地得到仿真信号的故障频率为20 Hz、美国凯斯西储大学试验台近似故障频率为107.5 Hz、MFS-MG试验台近似故障频率为87.6 Hz。自适应RSSD-CYCBD方法能够有效地识别出故障特征频率及其倍频,实现滚动轴承故障诊断的目的。

基于RBF-PSO算法的潜艇尾部结构噪声优化

针对潜艇尾部结构噪声突出问题,选取潜艇尾部桨轴艇耦合模型为研究对象,以潜艇尾部质量为约束条件,以纵向、横向激励力下的水下潜艇尾部辐射声功率级为优化目标,设计以尾壳板厚度、T型材结构参数(面板宽、腹板高、面板厚度、腹板厚度)为设计变量的均匀试验设计,采用径向基函数(Radia Basis Function,RBF)神经网络构建反映设计变量与优化目标之间映射关系的代理模型,使用粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)对潜艇尾部噪声进行多目标优化。研究表明:纵向激励下潜艇尾部水下辐射声功率合成级降低3.79 dB,横向激励下潜艇尾部水下辐射声功率合成级降低1.55 d B,潜艇尾部质量降低3.424 t。将RBF-PSO算法应用于潜艇尾部结构低频噪声优化问题效果较好,可以为潜艇的结构噪声优化提供指导。

Underwater vehicle sonar self-noise prediction based on genetic algorithms and neural network

The factors that influence underwater vehicle sonar self-noise are analyzed, and genetic algorithms and a back propagation (BP) neural network are combined to predict underwater vehicle sonar self-noise. The experimental results demonstrate that underwater vehicle sonar self-noise can be predicted accurately by a GA-BP neural network that is based on actual underwater vehicle sonar data.

基于CEEMDAN-VMD融合特征和SO-SVM的风机轴承故障诊断

由于风机轴承易发生故障且振动信号分析对于故障诊断极其有效,提出了基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(Complete Ensemble EmpiricalMode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,CEEMDAN)和变分模态分解(Variational Modal Decomposition,VMD)相结合的信号处理方法。首先,使用CEEMDAN将采集到的振动信号分解成若干本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量,并使用能量加权合成峭度指标筛选故障特征明显的IMF分量,进行信号重构;之后,利用VMD将新的信号进行再分解,将VMD分解后每个IMF的能量比与基于包络熵和包络谱峭度组合的复合指标筛选出的最优IMF分量构建能量熵、样本熵、近似熵进行特征融合;最后,将融合特征矩阵输入到蛇优化算法(SO)优化支持向量机(SVM)进行识别和分类,实现多故障模式识别。通过仿真实验表明:此方法对于检测轴承十种劣化状态,诊断正确率达到98%。为风机轴承故障诊断提供了一种新的思路。