Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth,modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish

Background The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-being of farmed animals.Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i)promote cell proliferation and differen-tiation,ii)have immunostimulatory effects,iii)modulate gut microbiota,and/or iv)enhance the digestive function.To provide inside into the effects of D.hansenii on juveniles of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)condition,we inte-grated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition,through histological and microbiota state,and its transcriptomic profiling.Results After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal(7%)was supplemented with 1.1%of D.hansenii(17.2×10^(5) CFU),an increase of ca.12%in somatic growth was observed together with an improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented diet.In terms of intestinal condition,this probiotic modu-lated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization,whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet cells.Changes in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria,especially those characterized as opportunistic groups.The microarrays-based transcrip-tomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of S.aurata,that were mostly related to metabolic,antioxidant,immune,and symbiotic processes.Conclusions Dietary administration of D.hansenii enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency param-eters,results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools indicated.This probiotic yeast stimulated host-microbiota interactions without altering the intestinal cell organization nor generating dysbiosis,which demonstrated its safety as a feed additive.At the transcriptomic level,D.hansenii pro-moted metabolic pathways,mainly protein-related,sphingolipid,and thymidylate pathways,in addition to enhance antioxidant-related intestinal mechanisms,and to regulate sentinel immune processes,potentiating the defensive capacity meanwhile maintaining the homeostatic status of the intestine.

A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i>NCYC 3413 <i>in Vitro</i>

Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413, halotolerant yeast isolated from rotten apple, was capable of utilizing components of hemicellulose hydrolysate such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. The organism utilizes xylose as a sole carbon source and produces xylitol. The Plackett-Burman design was applied to determine the specific medium components affecting xylitol production and found that xylose, K2HPO4, and ZnSO4 were critical in augmenting xylitol production. These significant parameters were further optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum concentrations of xylose, K2HPO4, and ZnSO4 were found to be 100 g/l, 10.6 g/l and 8.9 mg/l respectively. Under these optimal conditions the xylitol production increased from 27 g/l to 36 g/l with a yield of 0.44 g/g (57% increase in total yield). In addition, formation of the by product (glycerol) was decreased under optimal conditions.

Evaluation and selection of yeasts as potential aroma enhancers for the production of dry-cured ham

Yeasts play a critical role in the flavor formation of dry-cured ham.In this study,41 yeast isolates from the dry-cured ham at different processing stages were evaluated for their technological properties.Debaryomyces hansenii was the most dominant yeast and has been detected at each phase of dry-cured ham,followed by Candida zeylanoides which was mainly detected in salting phase.Yarrowia bubula and Yarrowia alimentaria were found at the first two-phase of dry-cured ham.All isolates of yeast showed enzymatic activities against milk protein and tributyrin,while only 4 strains displayed proteolytic activity on meat protein.Yeast strains were grown in a meat model medium and volatile compounds were identified.The result showed that inoculated yeast strains could promote the production of volatiles and there were significant differences among strains.D.hansenii S25 showed the highest production of volatile compounds,followed by the strain C.zeylanoides C4.D.hansenii S25 was the highest producer of alcohols showing the highest production of benzeneethanol and 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol.Based on OAV and PLS analysis,D.hansenii S25 was strongly correlated with overall flavor and key volatile compounds of dry-cured ham,which could be selected as potential starter cultures.

一株酵母菌的鉴定及其挥发性物质防病测定

为进一步研究用于防治草莓灰霉病的生防酵母菌,针对一株经平板测定和离体接种筛选得到的酵母菌菌株W4682,进行分类鉴定,并对其产生的挥发性物质防治草莓灰霉病的能力进行测定。结果发现,菌株W4682应属于汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)。菌株W4682产生的挥发性物质不但可以抑制灰霉菌的生长,对草莓灰霉病的发生也具有显著的防治效果。同时菌株W4682接种草莓后不仅可以在被接种果实上定殖,控制其病害发生,其产生挥发性物质还可以控制同一密闭空间内未接种的草莓上病害的发生。因而,汉逊德巴利酵母菌株W4682具有较好的应用潜力。

适冷溶菌酶产生茵的分子鉴定及其酶学性质的研究

采用比浊法对本试验室保存的126株南极微生物产适冷溶菌酶进行测定,发现7株菌产溶菌酶。并对其中的菌株NJ147进行ITS-5.8 S rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析,结果表明:菌株NJ147属于Debaryomyces hansenii属。该菌株所分泌溶菌酶的最适作用温度为30℃,在0℃时酶活性是最高活性的32.6%;对热敏感,其半衰期为40℃保温30 min;最适pH为6.0,是一种典型的适冷酶。该酶对6种受试菌株均有不同程度的抑制,具有广谱杀菌谱,具有潜在的工业应用价值。