Control Method of Effect of Robust Optimization in Multi-Player Multi-Objective Decision-Making

In the real situations of supply chain, there are different parts such as facilities, logistics warehouses and retail stores and they handle common kinds of products. In this research, these situations are focused on as the background of this research. They deal with the common quantities of their products, but due to their different environments, the optimal production quantity of one part can be unacceptable to another part and it may suffer a heavy loss. To avoid that kind of unacceptable situations, the common production quantities should be acceptable to all parts in one supply chain. Therefore, the motivation of this research is the necessity of the method to find the production quantities that make all decision makers acceptable is needed. However, it is difficult to find the production quantities that make all decision makers acceptable. Moreover, their acceptable ranges do not always have common ranges. In the decision making of car design, there are similar situations to this type of decision making. The performance of a car consists of purposes such as fuel efficiency, size and so on. Improving one purpose makes another worse and the relationship between these purposes is tradeoff. In these cases, Suriawase process is applied. This process consists of negotiations and reviews of the requirements of the purposes. In the step of negotiations, the requirements of the purposes are share among all decision makers and the solution that makes them as satisfied as possible. In the step of reviews of the requirements, they are reviewed based on the result of the negotiation if the result is unacceptable to some of decision makers. Therefore, through the iterations of the two steps, the solution that makes all decision makers satisfied is obtained. However, in the previous research, the effects that one decision maker reviews requirements in Suriawase process are quantified, but the mathematical model to modify the ranges of production quantities of all decision makers simultaneously is not shown. Therefore, in this research, based on Suriawase process, the mathematical model of multi-player multi-objective decision making is proposed. The mathematical model of multi-player multi-objective decision making by using linear physical programming (LPP) and robust optimization (RO) in the previous research is the basis of the methods of this research. LPP is one of the multi-objective optimization methods and RO is used to make the balance of the preference levels among decision makers. In LPP, the preference ranges of all objective functions are needed, so as the hypothesis of this research. In the research referred in this research, the method to control the effect of RO is not shown. If the effect of RO is too big, the average of the preference level becomes worse. The purpose of this research is to reproduce the mathematical model of multi-player multi-objective decision making based on Suriawase process and propose the method to control the effect of RO. In the proposed model, a set of the solutions of the negotiation problem is obtained and it is proved by the result of the numerical experiment. Therefore, the conclusion that the proposed model is available to obtain a set of the solutions of the negotiation problems in supply chain.

Supply Chain Finance Decision Analysis with a Partial Credit Guarantee Contract

The innovation of supply chain financial services can alleviate the plight of SMEs financing difficulties. In the aspect of supply chain finance model, there is a credit guarantee financing model, which is different from the simple external financing and internal financing mode of supply chain. Based on this, this paper studies the decision-making of supply chain finance under the partial credit guarantee of core enterprises. First of all, the paper constructs a simple supply chain financing model, consisting of a bank, a core enterprise and a retailer. And then, considering the credit guarantee financing model, calculate the expected profit function. Stackelberg game model is used to give the optimal decision of each subject in decentralized system and the optimal decision in centralized system. Finally, in order to make a more specific and detailed study on the profit and decision-making based on the credit guarantee financing model, the important parameters of the model are analyzed. Through the calculation, it is proved that under the credit guarantee of the core enterprise, the retailer has the optimal ordering strategy, and the core enterprise has the best wholesale price. The influences of the partial credit guarantee coefficient and the retailer’s loan coefficient on the supply chain finance decision-making are also studied.

A Study on the Factors Influencing Value-Added in the Cruise Ship Value Chain Based on the DEMATEL-ISM Model

Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in accordance with certain technical and economic conditions,so as to realise the multi-dimensional extension and value appreciation of the cruise value chain in the vertical and horizontal links,and ultimately establish a chain-network type of enterprise strategic alliance.This paper tries to analyse the value-added factors of the cruise industry chain by constructing a multi-level hierarchical structural model with reference to the influencing factor analysis methods of relevant literature-DEMATEL(Decision Making Experiment and Evaluation Experiment)and ISM(Interpretative Structural Model).The study shows that the innovation and scale value-added module in the upstream of the cruise industry chain is the core module of value-added of the whole cruise industry chain,and the value-added mainly originates from the design and manufacturing of cruise ships.The middle reaches of the cruise industry chain are mainly cruise operation enterprises,and the specificity of cruise operation determines that its brand value-added is mainly accomplished through the global layout of multinational corporations,and the cruise brand is able to drive the consumption demand and has value-added ability.The downstream value-added of the cruise industry chain is mainly realised through the increase in profits of cruise tourism service products.

基于DEMATEL-ISM的时敏目标打击链作战体系效能因子分析

时敏目标打击链作战体系结构关系复杂,构成要素众多,针对传统效能评估方法采用有序层次树形结构的评估模型在描述体系效能指标之间关系的不足,提出时敏目标打击链作战体系效能因子关系分析和建模方法。依据时敏目标打击流程、链路要素构成等获取效能因子集合。采用DEMATEL-ISM方法将定性的专家经验和知识转化成定量的数据,通过图论和矩阵工具分析时敏目标打击链作战体系效能因子的关系结构,筛选出影响体系效能的关键因子和驱动力因子,展现效能因子的层级结构和影响路径,并根据分析结果,提出打击链作战体系效能提升的建议。

An Evaluation of the Critical Success Factors in Sustainable Food Supply Chains in Developing Countries

Food is one of the biggest industries in developed and underdeveloped countries. Supply chain sustainability is essential in established and emerging economies because of the rising acceptance of cost-based outsourcing and the growing technological, social, and environmental concerns. The food business faces serious sustainability and growth challenges in developing countries. A comprehensive analysis of the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the performance outcome and the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) process. A theoretical framework is established to explain how they are used to examine the organizational aspect of the food supply chain life cycle analysis. This study examined the CSFs and revealed the relationships between them using a methodology that included a review of literature, interpretative structural modeling (ISM), and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied in classification (MICMAC) tool analysis of soil liquefaction factors. The findings of this research demonstrate that the quality and safety of food are important factors and have a direct effect on other factors. To make sustainable food supply chain management more adequate, legislators, managers, and experts need to pay attention to this factor. In this work. It also shows that companies aiming to create a sustainable business model must make sustainability a fundamental tenet of their organization. Practitioners and managers may devise effective long-term plans for establishing a sustainable food supply chain utilizing the recommended methodology.

Observed-based decision-making strategy of supply chain management under business disruptions

This paper presents observer-based chaos suppression for a four-echelon supply chain system based on fractional order calculus.As the market information is usually distorted,nonlinear observers for supply chain model are implemented to accomplish chaos suppression using linear matrix inequality(L MI).Sufficient conditions for the observer-based schemes are estab-lished by using Lyapunov stbility theory.The fractional calculus is utilised to provide superior dynamic performance for the controlled supply chain system over its integer-order counterpart.Numerical simulations are performed to validate robust performance and stability of observer-based supply chain management.Finally,it is found that the presented approach can help decision-makers develop effective supply chain networks under disruptions.

基于政府-企业双层模型的冷链物流企业低碳配送的优化决策

为了研究碳减排补贴和碳排放权交易决策对政府及冷链配送企业低碳发展的作用,建立了政府-企业成本优化双层模型。结合碳减排补贴和碳排放权交易两种政策,分别建立了以总成本最低为目标的政府成本模型和企业成本模型,利用遗传算法保留最佳选择来进行迭代计算,求解了考虑新能源补贴额和碳配额的上层及下层模型的成本。通过仿真分析比较了政府同时实行碳减排补贴和碳排放权交易两种政策及单独实行碳减排补贴政策或碳排放权交易政策的效果,结果表明,当政府同时实行碳减排补贴和碳排放权交易两种政策时,政府总成本和企业总成本最小,可达成降本减排的目标。该研究分别从政府和企业两个角度出发为冷链物流企业低碳配送问题提供了政策建议和企业建议,具有较强的操作性和实际意义。

Integrating value-chain approach with participatory multicriteria analysis for sustainable planning of a niche crop in Indian Himalayas

The value-chain approach(VCA)was used for exploring how a niche crop,namely large cardamom(Amomum subulatum Roxb.),can be developed sustainably to increase incomes and enhance rural livelihoods in the mountains.Large cardamom is a high-value,agro-climatically suitable,and non-perishable spice crop grown in the Himalayan region.Originating in Sikkim,the crop is important to the local economy and is sold in both domestic and international markets;however,its production in India has been declining significantly in recent years.Using VCA and participatory methods of data collection the study helped elicit value chain actors’perspectives on various reasons for the decline as well as potential strategies to improve the cardamom value chain.The results present the multiple environmental and climatic(e.g.water stress),social(e.g.women participation)and institutional(e.g.lack of trust between actors)challenges and corresponding upgrading strategies.Through participatory multi-criteria analysis(MCA),the strategies were prioritized based on the overall preferences of multiple stakeholders.The analysis considered eight criteria and 25 options,or strategies,and found that that marketability and profitability were the most important criteria,and increasing cardamom production,the most important optiontrait.Stakeholder discussions along with sensitivity analysis also showed how these options could be implemented and revealed how criteria preferences can change with expert inputs.This combination of VCA and MCA,because it supports participatory decision-making and balances multiple dimensions of sustainable development,can be effectively deployed in planning for agricultural development in the mountains.

基于斯坦克伯格博弈理论的直播电商农产品供应链定价策略

为深入理解直播电商环境下农产品供应链的定价策略及面临的挑战,介绍了斯坦克伯格博弈理论及直播电商农产品供应链的框架和核心特征。评述了直播电商农产品供应链定价问题的复杂性,并建立了基于假设的多种决策模型。通过数值分析方法,分析了这些模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明,直播电商环境下农产品供应链定价策略的选择对增加各参与方的利益具有明显影响,且集中决策模式在实现供应链整体利益最大化方面效果最佳。归纳了直播电商农产品供应链面临的主要挑战和决策困境,得出了优化直播电商农产品供应链定价策略的重要性,以期最大化供应链各环节参与者的共同利益。提出了针对直播电商农产品供应链定价问题的改进建议和策略,认为在直播电商快速发展的背景下,采用先进的博弈理论对定价策略进行科学分析与优化,对提升农产品供应链的整体效率和竞争力至关重要。

互补品供应链Stackelberg博弈下纵向决策研究

以两条均由一个制造商和一个零售商构成的互补品供应链为研究对象,探讨互补品供应链采用不同决策方式时的链间Stackelberg博弈和链内Stackelberg博弈问题,研究市场规模、成本等参数对市场价格、需求、利润的影响。进一步地,对链间Stackelberg博弈下的四种决策方式(集中-集中、集中-分散、分散-集中、分散-分散)下的均衡解进行比较分析。研究表明:互补产品生产成本与需求、利润负相关;自身价格与互补产品成本负相关;集中决策是互补品主导供应链的占优策略;对于跟随者供应链而言,采取集中决策还是分散决策方式,首先取决于主导者供应链的决策方式,其次取决于产品之间的互补程度;集中-集中决策方式是互补品供应链的帕累托均衡解。因此,互补品供应链内部成员之间可设计一种增量利润分享机制,确保供应链集中决策的稳定性;互补品供应链之间应注重两个方面:一是相互合作共同降低产品成本,实现降本增效;二是以某条供应链产品进行低价引流,促进消费者对互补产品的需求,进而实现互补品供应链利润最大化。

SUPPLY CHAIN DECISION-MAKING AND COORDINATION UNDER PRICE-DEPENDENT DEMAND

This paper studies the decision-making and coordination of supply chain （SC） considering the effect of price-dependent demand. By assuming demand decreases as the price increases, we analyse the impacts of the dependence on the SC in three different models： decentralized without coordination, centralized coordination and decentralized with coordination by revenue sharing contract. The existence of the best solution in the different models is proved, and the performance of revenue sharing coordination SC is similar to the centralized one. We find that the more evidently the price affects the demand, the more revenue sharing contract improves the performance of SC. The dependence affects the decision-making and the parameter setting of revenue sharing contract is also found.

Optimal Decision-Making of Low-Carbon Supply Chain Incorporating Fairness Concerns

The optimal decision-making of the low-carbon supply chain incorporating fairness concerns, such as the effort of reducing carbon emissions, the whole sale price and retail price, is analyzed by taking the Nash bargaining solution as the fairness reference point. The following conclusions are found. Firstly, the wholesale price is strongly influenced by the fairness concern of the manufacturer but weakly influenced by that of the retailer, although both statistically significantly. Secondly, both the manufacturer’s and retailer’s fairness concerns reduce carbon emissions dramatically to nearly the same extent. Thirdly, the effect of the manufacturer’s fairness concern on the retail price is so tiny that it can almost be ignored, while the retailer’s fairness concern changes the retail price remarkably.

碳交易下考虑公平关切的低碳供应链定价及协调机制研究

为落实政府碳减排要求并保证企业经济的可持续发展,碳交易机制成了一种有效的经济手段。碳交易背景下,制造企业为实现低碳目标而增加减排投资成本,往往更容易关注利润分配的公平性。此时,如何基于公平关切偏好进行减排投资和利润分配成为供应链协调决策的重点。以一家生产低碳产品的制造商和一家负责产品销售的零售商为对象,综合考虑碳交易机制、企业碳减排投资和公平关切偏好因素的影响,构建了一个可持续的低碳供应链,并利用博弈理论和收益分配绝对公平方法,探讨了制造商公平关切决策情形下供应链系统最优定价以及减排决策过程,进一步采用碳减排成本分担契约对供应链系统决策过程进行协调,并获得了最优的契约参数值。研究结果表明:制造商采取了提高产品批发价格和降低减排率的策略以减少因减排技术投资而产生的利润分配不公平对待,该策略损失了自身和合作者的利润。为了实现低碳供应链成员之间利益的有效协调,本文设计的成本分担契约在提高供应链系统减排率的同时还可以实现各成员利润的帕累托改进。另外,碳交易机制有利于促使企业进行碳减排投资以提高产品的减排水平。研究结果为进一步改善上下游企业之间的关系和促进供应链系统经济与环境的可持续发展提供参考。

信息链视域下电子病历数据驱动临床决策的需求模型构建

[目的/意义]在信息链视域下,提炼电子病历数据驱动临床决策的用户需求,构建需求模型,帮助弥合临床决策支持服务与现实临床工作需要的差距,为电子病历数据提供价值释放靶点,拓展信息链的应用域,助益临床决策支持系统和平台建设,进而为面向临床的情报服务提供指导。[方法/过程]以信息链为理论基础,利用模板分析的方法,通过对访谈资料的分析,提炼了7个一级需求主题、24个二级主题、54个三级主题、43个四级主题以及2个五级主题,构建了电子病历数据驱动临床决策的需求层级模型。[结果/结论]沿着信息链,可以将电子病历数据驱动临床决策的用户需求归纳为病历的智能化记录、临床关键信息的组织与提取识别、电子病历数据驱动的疾病风险预测、疾病诊疗经验与知识的提炼补充、疾病诊断辅助、病情异常原因分析、治疗方案的辅助制定与推荐。医生对电子病历数据驱动临床决策的应用采纳呈现出不同程度的积极性,表现出了对数据确权不清、信息技术成熟度不高等风险的担忧。

碳交易规制下基于生产工艺的可持续供应链网络设计研究

文中考虑生产工艺和碳排放对供应链网络设计的影响,使用混合整数线性规划的方法研究碳交易机制下生产工艺选择对可持续供应链网络设计的影响,分析不同生产工艺下供应链的各项成本及碳排放情况,讨论了不同生产工艺下的供应链各环节决策的变化.结果表明:采购成本占供应链运作成本比重最大,制造环节的碳排放占总碳排放的比重最大,采购环节和制造环节应该是供应链管理的重点关注对象,同时生产工艺选择也会影响供应链网络结构,在考虑碳排放因素的情况下解决了生产工艺变化对供应链网络的影响.

基于TFAHP的零件加工特征工艺链模糊综合决策

零件加工特征工艺链的决策问题中因存在诸多模糊性因素,主要依赖工艺人员的经验,降低了工艺设计的质量和效率,无法满足经济性需求。针对上述问题,在考虑了零件加工的经济性,分析了影响零件加工特征工艺链决策主要因素的基础上,提出了一种基于三角模糊层次分析法(TFAHP)的零件加工特征工艺链模糊综合决策方法。首先,采用TFAHP构建了判断矩阵,并基于可能度进行了指标权重求解;然后,构建了零件加工特征工艺链的影响因素与其备选集合之间的隶属度函数,完成了零件加工特征工艺链的模糊综合决策工作;最后,以某轴类零件为例,决策出了满足加工要求的八种孔加工特征工艺链,并结合企业实际应用,对该方法在零件加工特征工艺链决策中的经济性及有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:方案8的P值为1.0,为最优加工特征工艺链,该方法的定量化评价E值为0.137,对比传统方法更加具有经济性,满足使用需求。

连锁门店选址与配送中心选择联合决策的f-MIGP模型

建立了连锁门店选址和配送中心选择联合决策问题的模糊多目标混合整数规划模型.针对该模型的特殊结构,提出一种适用的求解策略:首先确定每个模糊目标的隶属度函数;然后将模糊多目标混合整数规划模型转化为等价的清晰多目标混合整数规划模型,通过最大最小算子求出目标值;最后借助于两阶段算法,求出问题的最优解.通过应用算例进一步说明了该模型的有效性和可行性.

考虑服务水平投入的E-闭环供应链决策模型研究

建立综合考虑产品价格、服务水平及市场权力结构的E-闭环供应链决策博弈模型,在3种闭环供应链决策模式下探讨供应链服务水平决策、制造商线上渠道选择问题。研究表明,E-闭环供应链中服务水平投入存在阈值,唯有当服务水平小于阈值时,提高服务水平才有助于增加企业利润;制造商选择参与E-闭环供应链优于参与传统供应链;实力较强的制造商选择与平台电商合作对其更有利,反之与零售电商合作更有利。

不完全竞争金融市场上供应链保理融资与运营决策

银行保理机构与商业保理机构的并存导致了保理融资市场的不完全竞争性,使得保理商成为策略型决策者,通过调整保理融资条款影响融资企业的运营决策。在这一过程中,保理商同供应链成员企业之间将产生复杂的交互行为。通过构建Stackelberg博弈模型,研究了金融市场不完全竞争情形下零售商的最优采购价格、保理商的最优保理利率以及供应商的最优生产数量。讨论了供应商的生产与融资成本以及保理预付款比例对供应链均衡产出水平的影响。在对比分析的基础上得出,虽然有时金融市场的不完全竞争性会损害所有参与方的利益,但当无风险利率、产品生产成本处于特定水平时,金融市场不完全竞争情形下保理商通过适当让渡一定利益,能够使整个供应链融资系统实现较金融市场完全竞争情形更高的产出水平及总体利润。

考虑CSR投入的供应链销售模式选择研究

考虑制造商主动履行社会责任而进行CSR投入,构建并对比分析了转销、代销和混合三种销售模式下的供应链主从博弈模型,研究销售模式差异对供应链决策的影响。研究发现:无论是制造商还是电商平台,选择混合模式带来的效益要高于转销模式和代销模式;制造商在代销模式和混合模式下的CSR投入水平始终相等,表明电商平台在与制造商已选择代销模式的基础上,无论是否再引入转销的合作模式,都不影响制造商的CSR投入决策;无论制造商与电商平台选择哪种销售模式,消费者对CSR投入水平的敏感度越大,对制造商和电商平台越为有利。