A Large-Scale Group Decision Making Model Based on Trust Relationship and Social Network Updating

With the development of big data and social computing,large-scale group decisionmaking(LGDM)is nowmerging with social networks.Using social network analysis(SNA),this study proposes an LGDM consensus model that considers the trust relationship among decisionmakers(DMs).In the process of consensusmeasurement:the social network is constructed according to the social relationship among DMs,and the Louvain method is introduced to classify social networks to form subgroups.In this study,the weights of each decision maker and each subgroup are computed by comprehensive network weights and trust weights.In the process of consensus improvement:A feedback mechanism with four identification and two direction rules is designed to guide the consensus of the improvement process.Based on the trust relationship among DMs,the preferences are modified,and the corresponding social network is updated to accelerate the consensus.Compared with the previous research,the proposedmodel not only allows the subgroups to be reconstructed and updated during the adjustment process,but also improves the accuracy of the adjustment by the feedbackmechanism.Finally,an example analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.Moreover,compared with previous studies,the superiority of the proposed method in solving the LGDM problem is highlighted.

A DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALIZER FOR NON-LINEAR CHANNELS

A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on connectionist model and a common decision feedback equalizer for linear channels. For a typical non-linear channel model it is shown that the equalization performances of the proposed equalizer are improved significantly.

BER ANALYSIS OF A GMSK SYSTEM USING DECISION FEEDBACK

There are considerable literatures on the Bit Error Rate(BER)evaluation of DifferentialDetection of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying(DDGMSK)system using Decision Feedback(DF),butmost of them give the performance based on the Monte Carlo Error Counting(MCEC)technique.Fromthe probability distribution of the phase angle between two vectors perturbed by Gaussian noises,theformulae of BER are derived for the performance analysis of DDGMSK system with DF in this letter.Considering the m-bit dock-tailed sequence,the new formulae of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying(GMSK)modulated phase and the Time-Varying Signal to Noise Ratio(TVSNR)of the demodulatedsignal are presented,and it is proved that the relationship between the TVSNR of the demodulatedsignal and the size of eye opening is not inevitable.Simulation results show that the theoretical in-vestigation gives analogous results with the MCEC technique.The formulae presented are useful for theperformance analysis of systems using GMSK as modulating and demodulating method,for instance,the analysis of synchronous performance of frequency-hopping communication system.

Least Squares Training LMS Decision Feedback Equaliser for Terrestrial HDTV Broadcasting

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ON DECORRELATING MULTIUSER SIGNAL DETECTORS WITH DECISION FEEDBACK FOR DS-SSMA CHANNELS

The main shortcomings of direct sequence spread spectrum multiple ac-cess(DS-SSMA)communication systems are the near-far effect and multiaccess in-terferences,which impair the stability,capacity and application areas of the commu-nication systems.In this paper,a new kind of multiuser detector——decorrelatingdetector with decision feedback is proposed.In linear channels,this detector can e-liminate the multiaccess interferences with low complexity.Computer simulationsverify the theoretical analysis in this paper.

Adaptive support vector machine decision feedback equalizer

An adaptive support vector machine decision feedback equalizer（ASVM-DFE） based on the least square support vector machine（LS-SVM） is proposed,it solves linear system iteratively with less computational intensity.An adaptive non-singleton fuzzy support vector machine decision feedback equalizer（ANSFSVMDFE） is also presented,it adopts the non-singleton fuzzy Gaussian kernel function with similar characteristic of pre-filter and is modified with a space transformation based approach.Simulations under nonlinear time variant channels show that ASVM-DFE and ANSFSVM-DFE perform very well on nonlinear equalization and ANSFSVM-DFE acts especially well in resisting abrupt interference.

Decision feedback equalizer based on non-singleton fuzzy regular neural networks

A new equalization method is proposed in this paper for severely nonlinear distorted channels. The structure of decision feedback is adopted for the non-singleton fuzzy regular neural network that is trained by gradient-descent algorithm. The model shows a much better performance on anti-jamming and nonlinear classification, and simulation is carried out to compare this method with other nonlinear channel equalization methods. The results show the method has the least bit error rate （BER）.

Multi-Branch Fractional Multi-Bit Differential Detection of Continuous Phase Modulation with Decision Feedback

Differential detection of continuous phase modulation suffers from significant intersymbol interference. To reduce bit error rate, multi-branch fractional multi-bit differential detection (MFMDD) with decision feed-back is proposed. By introducing decision feedback in multi-bit differential detected signals, severe inter-symbol interference can be removed. Simulation results show that the proposed structure can greatly im-proves the performance compared with MFMDD without decision feedback, and the performance of 9 FMDD is very near to the performance of the coherent detection.

Design of a 6.25 Gbps backplane SerDes with adaptive decision feedback equalization

A 6.25 Gbps SerDes core used in the high speed backplane communication receiver has been designedbased on the OIF-CEI-02.0 standard. To counteract the serious Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI),the core employed a half-rate four-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The equalizer used the Sign-signleast mean-squared (SS-LMS) algorithm to realize the coefficient adaptation. An automatic gain control(AGC) amplifier with the sign least mean-squared (S-LMS) algorithm has been used to compensatethe transmission media loss. To recover the clock signal from the input data serial and provide for theDFE and AGC, a bang-bang clock recovery (BB-CR) is adopted. A third order phase loop lock (PLL)model was proposed to predict characteristics of the BB-CR. The core has been verified by behavioralmodeling in MATLAB. The results indicate that the core can meet the specifications of the backplane receiver.The DFE recovered data over a 34' FR-4 backplane has a peak-to-peak jitter of 17 ps, a horizontaleye opening of 0.87 UI, and a vertical eye opening of 500 mVpp.

A Robust Decision Feedback Equalizer for ATSC DTV Receivers

Least mean square (LMS) decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is preferred as an effective solution to coping with inter-symbol interference (ISI) for ATSC digital television (DTV) receivers. In DTV transmission environment, echo delay often covers several hundreds symbols, which leads to very large-scale equalizer. One consequence of the large-scale equalizer is the very slow convergence, which combined with error propagation, inherent drawback of DFE, seriously deteriorates the performance of the receivers, especially in severe channels More working modes and corresponding robust control mechanism were given to help the equalizer converge to the stable state smoothly. Simulation results show that the improved equalizer can perform better, especially in the severe channels.

EFFICIENT CYCLIC PREFIX RECONSTRUCTION USING DECISION FEEDBACK FILTER FOR CODED SINGLE-CARRIER SYSTEMS WITH FREQUENCY-DOMAIN EQUALIZATION (SC-FDE)

In this paper,an efficient Cyclic Prefix (CP) reconstruction scheme is proposed for Sin-gle-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) that employ insufficient length of CP at the transmitter. By utilizing a decision feedback filter to cancel the residual InterSymbol In-terference (ISI) in the equalized signal,the proposed scheme can effectively lower the low bound of performance for the CP reconstruction schemes and can greatly improve the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of SC-FDE systems. In addition,the existing methods and the proposed scheme are also optimized. It is shown in the simulation results that,when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) exceeds a certain threshold,the proposed scheme can achieve the low bound of performance for the existing methods. Moreover,by increasing the number of iteration or through optimization,the low bound can be outperformed.

Feed back Mechanism in Decision Support Systems

Feedback mechanism is a specific feature of control systems, however, the similarity has been found in decision support systems. Just because of this, the DSS can provide a flexible learning and thinking environment, and help decision maker to solve semistructured and unstructured problems actively and creatively. In this paper, the role and type of the feedback in decision making are discussed from different point of view. This is also true in DSS because it supports decision making. The feedback design, especially the feedback interface design, is described through a case of practice DSS. Based on these points, the feedback mechanism is an important feature of DSS, and it is one of the differences between DSS and MIS.

适用于SerDes接收器DFE的高速动态比较器

在SerDes电路中,高速数据传输的关键在于均衡的速率,因此随着SerDes对数据传输速率要求越来越高,对SerDes中接收器的判决反馈均衡器的速率要求也在提高。作为自适应判决反馈均衡器的关键组成部分,比较器的延时大小决定了自适应均衡器的判决容限。为了满足低压应用对高速率比较器的低延迟要求,文章基于传统双尾比较器提出一种新的适用于SerDes接收器中判决反馈均衡器的高速差分信号动态比较器电路。在TSMC 28 nm CMOS工艺下,当电源电压为1 V时,平均延迟时间为52.58 ps,可满足高达15 Gbit/s数据速率的判决反馈均衡器应用需求。

基于SS-LMS算法的自适应DFE均衡电路

针对信道传输对高速串行数据带来的码间串扰问题,提出一种基于符号最小均方根(SS-LMS)算法的半速率判决反馈均衡器(DFE)结构。基于Slicer和积分器电路的结构优化,实现面积和功耗的优化。采用28 nm CMOS工艺实现了连续时间线性均衡器(CTLE)和8抽头DFE组合结构的SerDes电路。测试结果表明,所设计的均衡电路能够将通过38 inch背板传输的16 Gbps信号的眼图水平张开度达到0.56 UI,最大功耗12.25 mW/Gbps。

UFMC系统中基于MMSE-DFE的均衡器设计

通用滤波多载波(Universal Filtered Multi-carrier Technique, UFMC)作为一种新型多载波技术,采用子带滤波的方式抑制带外辐射、实现宽松同步,能够更好地适应机器通信中短小数据包的传输。UFMC系统未引入循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix, CP),在多径衰落信道中会产生符号间干扰(Inter Symbol Interference, ISI)和子载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier Interference, ICI),必须设计相应的均衡器来抑制干扰。文章在分析多径信道下UFMC系统干扰的基础上,通过采用判决反馈(Decision Feedback, DF)抑制时域ISI,根据最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Squared Error, MMSE)准则减小ICI以及噪声的影响。仿真验证证明文章研究方法在UFMC中的应用能够很好地抑制干扰,降低误码率。

雷达和DF互联算法决策门限的解析解

Turnk和Wilson在文献[1]中提出了一种新的多门限雷达和DF（Direction-Finding）互联算法，该算法特别适宜于雷达和DF航迹是由不等样本容量的观测所构成的场合文献[1]中，相关决策门限是通过MonteCarlo仿真得到的，因而在获得决策门限时需要较多的时间.我们对文献[1]算法的决策门限进行了研究，推导出了这些决策门限的解析表达式，利用数值计算方法得到了这些决策门限的解析值，结果表明了算法的有效性最后，对互联算法进行了仿真实验．

基于判决反馈的VDES解调系统设计与FPGA实现

甚高频数据交换系统(Very high frequency Data Exchange System,VDES)作为新一代船舶通信系统,具有广阔的应用前景。由于卫星相对船舶的高速运动,VDES中上行应用特定消息(Application-specific Message,ASM)链路会产生较大的多普勒频移,在接收端仅依靠已知训练序列估计的频偏等信道参数无法满足正确解调的性能要求。为此提出一种基于判决反馈的解调方法,通过分段解调,缩短每次解调的数据长度,提高解调时对频偏的容忍度,并利用每段解调的结果作为下一段未解调数据的导频,估计出当前数据中的信道参数。仿真结果表明,所提算法相较于无反馈相干解调算法性能大大提升。在上述研究的基础上,在可编程逻辑器件上实现了对ASM无导频上行链路的正确解调。

LDPC编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法

信道频率选择性衰落较强的环境下,传统正交频分复用非盲信道估计与均衡方法的系统误码性能较差,且需要在信号中增加导频符号的插入,降低系统吞吐量。针对上述问题,提出一种低密度奇偶校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法。将LDPC编码增益引入判决反馈回路中,以提升收敛性,在插入极少导频符号的条件下达到渐进非盲信道估计与均衡方法的性能。另外提出一种基于条件最大似然原则的信道估计改进算法,以恒虚警原则检测有效抽头信号以提高信道估计精度,并且能够与判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法相结合,进一步提升算法性能。仿真结果表明,在仿真所选用的信道环境下,LDPC编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法相比传统判决反馈方法具有11~13 dB的误码性能提升,具有优秀的系统误码性能和鲁棒性。

单载波频域均衡系统中一种简化的IBDFE算法

在单载波频域均衡系统中,线性均衡算法虽然简单易行,但是其抑制噪声干扰和符号间干扰的能力有限,因此需要引入非线性的反馈和迭代机制以进一步提升系统性能.迭代块判决反馈均衡(Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization,IBDFE)就是一种行之有效的非线性算法,但其缺点是计算复杂度高.鉴于此,在IBDFE结构的基础上,利用最小均方误差准则,推导出了一种新的简化算法.之后,对简化后算法和现有低复杂度算法的均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE)性能进行了理论分析和比较,并在两种无线多径衰落信道下对三种不同的算法进行了仿真.结果表明,在所给信道条件下,这种算法在迭代两次后已基本收敛.同时,仿真也验证了MSE分析的结论.最后,对算法复杂度的分析和比较表明,提出的简化算法相比传统IBDFE算法,其误比特率性能有所下降,但能有效地减小计算量.

基于因素空间反馈外延外包络的DFE决策

逆向思维是决策中常用的一种思维方法,但目前的反馈外延决策方法(Decision-making of Feedback Extension,DFE)均未考虑这一点。为此,在因素空间理论基础上,从对立概念角度出发构造了一种概念的外延逼近即反馈外延外包络,在此基础上提出了基于反馈外延外包络的DFE决策方法。通过土壤肥力评级的实例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。