Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for Jamming Aided Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks

In this paper,we explore a cooperative decode-and-forward(DF)relay network comprised of a source,a relay,and a destination in the presence of an eavesdropper.To improve physical-layer security of the relay system,we propose a jamming aided decodeand-forward relay(JDFR)scheme combining the use of artificial noise and DF relaying which requires two stages to transmit a packet.Specifically,in stage one,the source sends confidential message to the relay while the destination acts as a friendly jammer and transmits artificial noise to confound the eavesdropper.In stage two,the relay forwards its re-encoded message to the destination while the source emits artificial noise to confuse the eavesdropper.In addition,we analyze the security-reliability tradeoff(SRT)performance of the proposed JDFR scheme,where security and reliability are evaluated by deriving intercept probability(IP)and outage probability(OP),respectively.For the purpose of comparison,SRT of the traditional decode-and-forward relay(TDFR)scheme is also analyzed.Numerical results show that the SRT performance of the proposed JDFR scheme is better than that of the TDFR scheme.Also,it is shown that for the JDFR scheme,a better SRT performance can be obtained by the optimal power allocation(OPA)between the friendly jammer and user.

System Outage Probability and Diversity Analysis of a SWIPT Based Two-Way DF Relay Network Under Transceiver Hardware Impairments

This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all transceivers are considered.After harvesting energy and decoding messages simultaneously via a power splitting scheme,the energy-limited relay node forwards the decoded information to both terminals.Each terminal combines the signals from the direct and relaying links via selection combining.We derive the system outage probability under independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels.It reveals an overall system ceiling(OSC)effect,i.e.,the system falls in outage if the target rate exceeds an OSC threshold that is determined by the levels of HIs.Furthermore,we derive the diversity gain of the considered network.The result reveals that when the transmission rate is below the OSC threshold,the achieved diversity gain equals the sum of the shape parameter of the direct link and the smaller shape parameter of the terminalto-relay links;otherwise,the diversity gain is zero.This is different from the amplify-and-forward(AF)strategy,under which the relaying links have no contribution to the diversity gain.Simulation results validate the analytical results and reveal that compared with the AF strategy,the SWIPT based two-way relaying links under the DF strategy are more robust to HIs and achieve a lower system outage probability.

Decode-and-Forward Relay Based Bidirectional Wireless Information and Power Transfer

In this paper, we propose the decode-and-forward(DF) based bidirectional wireless information and power transfer(BWIPT) in two-hop relay systems, where the bidirectional relay can decode and forward information from the user to the access point(AP), and assist the wireless power transfer from the AP to the user. To maximize the information rate from the user to the AP, we derive the closed form expression of the optimal power splitting(PS) factor, and the time allocation scheme to obtain the optimal time switching(TS) factor. Simulation results show that for both PS and TS protocols, the proposed DF based bidirectional relay systems can improve the information rate as compared with the amplify-and-forward(AF) based bidirectional relay systems.

A LOWER COMPLEXITY ANTENNA SELECTION FOR DF RELAY MIMO SYSTEMS

Based on the existing incremental selection algorithm for Decode-and-Forward (DF) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, a faster one which combines the incremental selection with the decremental exclussion is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm selects one antenna which makes the increment of the capacity greatest in every step. Then, excludes the antennas whose contribution to the capacity is less than μ% of that of the best antenna. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable performance to the existing one and has obviously decreased complexity under the appropriate threshold μ% .

Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation for DF-Based Multiuser Two-Way Relay Networks

Two-way decode-and-forward(DF) relay technique is an efficient method to improve system performance in 5G networks.However,traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) based two-way relay systems only consider a per-subcarrier relay strategy,which treats each subcarrier as a separate channel,which results in significant sum rate loss,especially in fading environments.In this paper,a joint coding scheme over multiple subcarriers is involved for multipair users in two-way relay systems to obtain multiuser diversity.A generalized subcarrier pairing strategy is proposed to permit each user-pair to occupy different subcarriers during the two transmission phases,i.e.,the multiple access and broadcast phases.Moreover,a low complexity joint resource allocation scheme is proposed to improve the spectrum efficiency with an additional multi-user diversity gain.Some numerical simulations are finally provided to verify the efficacy of our proposal.

Diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of half-duplex multi-input multi-output two-way relay channel with decode-and-forward protocol

A multi-input multi-output(MIMO) separated two-way relay channel(STWRC) is considered,where two users exchange their messages via a relay node.When each link is quasi-static Rayleigh fading,the achievable diversity-multiplexing tradeoff(DMT) of the half-duplex STWRC is analyzed.Firstly,the achievable DMT of the STWRC with static decode-and-forward(DF) protocol is obtained.Then,a dynamic decode-and-forward(DDF) protocol for the STWRC is proposed,where the relay listening time varies dynamically with the channel qualities of the links between two users and the relay.Finally,the achievable DMT of the proposed DDF protocol is derived in a case-bycase manner.Numerical examples are also provided to verify the theoretical analysis of both protocols.

Performance analysis of diffusion-based decode-and-forward relay with depleted molecule shift keying

The distance-decay effect of molecular signals makes communication range a major challenge for diffusion-based Molecular Communication(MC).To solve this problem,the intermediate nano-machine is deployed as a relay between the transmitter and its intended receiver nano-machines.In this work,we employ the Depleted Molecule Shift Keying(D-MoSK)to model a Decode-and-Forward(DF)relay communication scheme.The closed-form expression of Bit Error Rate(BER)for the concerned DF relay with D-MoSK is derived.Meanwhile,the maximum a posteriori probability,minimum error probability,and maximum likelihood schemes are formulated for data detection.The relationships between BER and other key parameters,including the number of released molecules,receiving radius,and relay position,are investigated in detail.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve communication reliability significantly.Moreover,the performance gain can be maximized by optimizing the position of the relay and the receiving radius.

Arbitrary Decode-Forward Relaying with Re-Encoded Bits Selection Strategy for Polar Codes

In this paper,we propose an arbitrary decode-forward single-relay scheme for finite blocklength polar codes,which can be applied to the general symmetric discrete memoryless relay channel with orthogonal receiver components.The relay node decodes the received message.The relay node selectively re-encodes the message and transmits it to the destination node.Furthermore,in order to minimize the upper-bound of the block error probability,we propose a selection strategy to decide the proper re-encoded bit set by the relay.Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improvement in decoding performance of the proposed scheme compared to conventional relay schemes in both additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel and Rayleigh fading channel(RFC).

基于OFDM的DF中继链路能效最优资源分配策略

针对DF模式的OFDM中继链路,将能效最大化资源分配问题转化为在用户最小速率需求和系统总发射功率受约束条的件下,子载波配对和功率分配的联合优化问题,提出一种低复杂度联合最优资源分配策略,并证明速率和功率约束条件下中继链路全局能效最优解的唯一性.仿真结果表明,与固定子载波配对策略相比,当中继节点位于源和目的节点连线中点位置,Rmin=1.5 Mbit/s时,排序子载波配对策略的链路可达速率和系统能效分别提高了2.3%和3.1%;与传统的等功率分配、速率最大化和功率最小化注水算法相比,本文方案能够在保证用户最小速率需求和系统功率约束的同时,自适应分配资源以实现系统能效最优.

DF协作系统中基于中断概率的功率分配算法

针对译码转发(DF)协作通信系统中源和中继采用平均功率分配,导致系统资源利用率较低的问题,提出了一种基于中断概率分析的功率分配算法.该算法以降低系统的中断概率为目标,根据用户上行信道和用户间信道的平均信噪比,推导出该模型的系统平均中断概率上下限表达式,并通过黄金分割法迭代出使系统平均中断概率降低的功率分配因子.仿真结果表明,在相同条件下,该功率分配方案比平均功率分配(EPA)方案性能更优.

DF协作中继网络基于买者/卖者博弈的中继选择和功率分配策略

该文针对采用解码-转发(DF)协议的协作中继网络,提出了一种基于买者-卖者博弈的中继选择和功率分配策略,通过将用户建模为买者,可以以最大效用为标准选择最优中继和确定最佳的购买功率;将中继建模为卖者,可通过先市场后利润的功率价格调整策略获得最大的利润。分析了两者博弈达到平衡的条件并进行了仿真,结果验证了纳什均衡点的存在并表明,该策略计算量少,收敛速度快,实用性强,在兼顾用户和中继节点的利益的同时可以有效提高用户的传输速率,扩大基站的覆盖范围,提高功率利用效率。

基于公共DF中继的认知无线电中继选择和功率分配

为提高认知无线电网络中主用户和次用户的通信质量,并可简单有效地利用中继节点来控制主用户和次用户之间的相互干扰,提出了一种基于公共中继的最佳中继选择和功率分配方案.首先,在认知无线电网络中建立了基于公共DF中继的无线通信模型;然后,根据无线通信理论推导出要优化的目标函数;最后,在保证主用户中断概率低于目标值的前提下,利用凸优化理论得出了模型中的最佳中继选择和功率分配方案.仿真实验结果表明,与常见的直接传输方案和功率平均分配的中继方案相比,本文提出的中继选择和功率分配方案提高了次用户的通信距离和速率,并且降低了主用户的中断概率,为更好地解决认知无线电网络中主用户和次用户的相互干扰问题提供了新的思路.

AF/DF方式下自适应中继协作方式的研究与仿真

放大转发(Amplify Forward,AF)和译码转发(Decode Forward,DF)是中继协作通信技术中两种基本的中继协作方式。在研究两跳中继协作通信技术中AF和DF中继协作方式的基础上,针对基于门限的自适应中继协作方式,利用RN的位置信息提出了改进的自适应中继协作方式,并用蒙特卡洛方法对其仿真结果进行验证。结果表明所提出的改进自适应中继协作方式具有较好的协作性能。

Performance Analysis of NOMA-Based Cooperative Networks with Relay Selection

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)technique is an expert on channel differences exploiting.In this paper,a dual-hop NOMA-based cooperative relaying network where a best relay is selected as an active node to accomplish the communication between a source and a destination is discussed.We assume that both decode-and-forward(DF)and amplify-and-forward(AF)protocols are applied to the selected relay.The metrics that ergodic sum-rate and outage probability are investigated,and the closed-form expressions of the latter for DF and AF protocols are derived.Numerical and simulation results are conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis,in which we can see that the NOMA based DF relaying is better than the NOMA based AF relaying and other existing NOMA-based cooperative communication schemes.

Power Allocation for NOMA in D2D Relay Communications

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is considered as one of the key technologies for the fifth generation(5G)wireless communications.The integration of NOMA and device-to-device(D2D)communications has recently attracted wide attention.In this paper,a relaying D2D communications assisted with cooperative relaying systems using NOMA(DRC-NOMA)is considered.We analyze the ergodic sum-rate for the proposed system and then derive the closed-form expressions.In addition,an optimal power allocation strategy maximizing the ergodic sum-rate is proposed based on these analysis results.Numerical results show the good agreement between the results of analysis and Monte Carlo method.The proposed DRC-NOMA has a great improvement of the ergodic sum-rate in the small regime of average channel gain of D2D pair.

Bilayer expurgated LDPC codes with uncoded relaying

Bilayer low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes are an effective coding technique for decode-and-forward relaying, where the relay forwards extra parity bits to help the destination to decode the source bits correctly. In the existing bilayer coding scheme, these parity bits are protected by an error correcting code and assumed reliably available at the receiver. We propose an uneoded relaying scheme, where the extra parity bits are forwarded to the destination without any protection. Through density evolution analysis and simulation results, we show that our proposed scheme achieves better performance in terms of bit erasure probability than the existing relaying scheme. In addition, our proposed scheme results in lower complexity at the relay.

基于DF中继策略的联合天线选择和中继选择优化算法

中继选择和天线选择算法在中继网络的研究中起着非常重要的优化作用。这两种优化算法可以在多中继节点和多根天线中分别选择最完美的中继节点和发送天线来提升网络的容量值。研究了一个基于解码转发(DF)中继策略的多输入多输出下行中继网络,并且假设所有的信道都服从Nakagami-m衰落。联合中继选择和天线选择算法分析了系统性能,推导出了系统中断概率的闭合表达式,并给出了高信噪干扰比条件下中断概率的闭合表达式。仿真结果表明,该联合算法可以获得较小的中断概率,并且在提高系统性能方面具有很好的优越性。

Generalized Physical Layer Channel Model for RelayBased Super Dense Networks

The κ-μ fading model is an advanced channel model in super dense wireless networks.In this paper,we evaluate the performance of the system over κ-μ fading channel in super dense relay networks with consideration of multiple independent but not necessarily identically distributed(i.n.i.d.) cochannel interference(CCI) under interferencelimited environment.More specifically,we derive a useful and accurate cumulative distribution function(CDF) expression of the end-to-end signal-to-interference plus noise(SINR) ratio.Moreover,we derive novel analytical expressions of the outage probability(OP),average bit error probability(ABEP) and average capacity for binary modulation types and arbitrary positive values of κ-and μ of such system.Furthermore,we propose asymptotic analysis for both the OP and ABEP to give physical insights.A simplified analytical form for the ABEP at high-SNR regimes is provided as well.Finally,the accuracy of the derived expressions is well validated by Monte Carlo simulations.

Bargaining Game Theoretic Power Control in Selfish Cooperative Relay Networks

Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation （PA） between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information for each other, but each user node has the incentive to consume his power solely to decrease its own symbol error rate （SER） at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient PA scheme for the decode-and-forward cooperation protocol in selfish cooperative relay networks. We formulate this PA problem as a two-user cooperative bargaining game, and use Nash bargaining solution （NBS） to achieve a win-win strategy for both partner users. Simulation results indicate that the NBS is fair in that the degree of cooperation of a user only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to decrease its SER at the receiver, and efficient in the sense that the SER performance of both users could be improved through the game.

非完美CSI下大规模MIMO DF中继多用户对全双工通信系统性能研究

通过解码转发(DF)协议中继,研究了在非完美信道状态信息(CSI)下,多用户对双向全双工通信系统的性能.通过配备大量天线,可以大大增加通信系统的频谱效率(SE).对到达中继端的信号采用迫零(ZF)线性接收处理并预编码,推导了SE的近似表达式,提出了与天线数量相关的功率缩放定律,讨论了在导频功率固定和变化条件下缩放因子的取值.所提的功率缩放定律可以在保持稳定的频谱效率的同时,将发射功率降低.研究了在非完美信道状态信息下,经过解码转发协议中继的多用户对双向全双工通信系统的性能.