Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery.A series of complications,such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage,occur after rupture of the dura.Therefore,treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid...Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery.A series of complications,such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage,occur after rupture of the dura.Therefore,treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid complications.This review comprehensively summarizes the common causes,risk factors,clinical complications,and repair methods of dural defects.The latest research progress on dural repair methods and materials is summarized,including direct sutures,grafts,biomaterials,non-biomaterial materials,and composites formed by different materials.The characteristics and efficacy of these dural substitutes are reviewed,and these materials and methods are systematically evaluated.Finally,the best methods for dural repair and the challenges and future prospects of new dural repair materials are discussed.展开更多
Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper pro...Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper proposes a defect prevention approach based on human error mechanisms：DPe HE.The approach includes both knowledge and regulation training in human error prevention.Knowledge training provides programmers with explicit knowledge on why programmers commit errors,what kinds of errors tend to be committed under different circumstances,and how these errors can be prevented.Regulation training further helps programmers to promote the awareness and ability to prevent human errors through practice.The practice is facilitated by a problem solving checklist and a root cause identification checklist.This paper provides a systematic framework that integrates knowledge across disciplines,e.g.,cognitive science,software psychology and software engineering to defend against human errors in software development.Furthermore,we applied this approach in an international company at CMM Level 5 and a software development institution at CMM Level 1 in the Chinese Aviation Industry.The application cases show that the approach is feasible and effective in promoting developers＇ ability to prevent software defects,independent of process maturity levels.展开更多
Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the researc...Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the research team led by Prof.Lai Yuping(赖玉平)at Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology,School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,uncovered a critical role of regenerating islet-展开更多
基金Supported by Jilin Health Science and Technology Capability Improvement Project,No.2022C107.
文摘Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery.A series of complications,such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage,occur after rupture of the dura.Therefore,treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid complications.This review comprehensively summarizes the common causes,risk factors,clinical complications,and repair methods of dural defects.The latest research progress on dural repair methods and materials is summarized,including direct sutures,grafts,biomaterials,non-biomaterial materials,and composites formed by different materials.The characteristics and efficacy of these dural substitutes are reviewed,and these materials and methods are systematically evaluated.Finally,the best methods for dural repair and the challenges and future prospects of new dural repair materials are discussed.
文摘Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper proposes a defect prevention approach based on human error mechanisms：DPe HE.The approach includes both knowledge and regulation training in human error prevention.Knowledge training provides programmers with explicit knowledge on why programmers commit errors,what kinds of errors tend to be committed under different circumstances,and how these errors can be prevented.Regulation training further helps programmers to promote the awareness and ability to prevent human errors through practice.The practice is facilitated by a problem solving checklist and a root cause identification checklist.This paper provides a systematic framework that integrates knowledge across disciplines,e.g.,cognitive science,software psychology and software engineering to defend against human errors in software development.Furthermore,we applied this approach in an international company at CMM Level 5 and a software development institution at CMM Level 1 in the Chinese Aviation Industry.The application cases show that the approach is feasible and effective in promoting developers＇ ability to prevent software defects,independent of process maturity levels.
文摘Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the research team led by Prof.Lai Yuping(赖玉平)at Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology,School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,uncovered a critical role of regenerating islet-
