Effects of estrogen and androgen level on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction

Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen and androgen levels on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction patients. Methods: The estrogen level, androgen level, IR of 30 psychogenic and 15 endocriological ED were studied and the correlation between the estrogen and androgen levels and RI were analyzed. Results: There is a negative correlation betweenthe androgen and estrogen levels and IR; The IR (5.9033 ± 1.9369), η_(10)(11.2810 ± 1.3120) values in the endcocrinological group were markedly higher than those (4.0589 ± 1.55339, 9.8321 ± 1.6415) in the psychogenic group. Conclusion: The lower level of the estrogen and androgen in endocrinological ED patients may result in the decrease of erythrocyte deformability causing the increase in blood viscosity. To enhance in time the levels of estrogen and androgen might improve penile erectile function of endocrinological ED patients in hemodynamics

THE CHANGES OF DEFORMABILITY OF ERYTHROCYTES AND 2.3-DPG IN RED BLOOD CELL AND BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS

The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of deformabilityof erythrocytes and 2.3-DPG(2.3-diphosphoglycerate acid)in the patients with coro-nary artery stenosis and the effects of some factors on them.It is showed that:de-formability of crythrocyte and 2.3-DPG were inversely proportional to the degreeof the lesions of coronary vessels(P【0.01);there was a significant decrease of de-formability of erythrocytes after using contract agents(P【0.01);Salvia increaseddeformability and 2.3-DPG significantly(P【0.01).In conclusion,our data suggestthat the possible existence of microcirculation dysfunction in coronary artery dis-eases with parallelism to the impairement deformability of erythrocytcs and Salviabca good drug to action in deformability and 2.3 DPG in patients.

Biomimetic Erythrocyte-Like Particles from Microfluidic Electrospray for Tissue Engineering

Microparticles have demonstrated value for regenerative medicine.Attempts in this field tend to focus on the development of intelligent multifunctional microparticles for tissue regeneration.Here,inspired by erythrocytes-associated self-repairing process in damaged tissue,we present novel biomimetic erythrocyte-like microparticles(ELMPs).These ELMPs,which are composed of extracellular matrix-like hybrid hydrogels and the functional additives of black phosphorus,hemoglobin,and growth factors(GFs),are generated by using a microfluidic electrospray.As the resultant ELMPs have the capacity for oxygen delivery and near-infrared-responsive release of both GFs and oxygen,they would have excellent biocompatibility and multifunctional performance when serving as microscaffolds for cell adhesion,stimulating angiogenesis,and adjusting the release profile of cargoes.Based on these features,we demonstrate that the ELMPs can stably overlap to fill a wound and realize controllable cargo release to achieve the desired curative effect of tissue regeneration.Thus,we consider our biomimetic ELMPs with discoid morphology and cargo-delivery capacity to be ideal for tissue engineering.

Investigation of the Clinical Diagnostic Significance of the T-Cell Test for Tuberculosis combined with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Test in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective:To investigate the clinical diagnostic significance of peripheral blood T-cell test(T-spot test)for tuberculosis(TB)infection combined with erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)in pulmonary TB.Methods:41 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TB during hospitalization from January 2020 to April 2023 in our hospital were selected as the experimental group,and 45 patients without TB(bronchopneumonia patients)were selected as the control group.The diagnostic specificity,sensitivity,and accuracy of the T-spot TB test,ESR test,and the combined test of the two were calculated respectively.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the T-spot TB test combined with ESR for the diagnosis of TB in the experimental group were significantly higher than the individual results of the T-spot TB test and ESR test alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:The T-spot TB test combined with the ESR test for TB diagnosis has greater clinical value than carrying out the tests individually.

Effects of L.F04,the Active Fraction of Lycopus lucidus, on Erythrocytes Rheological Property

Objective: To study the effects of L.F04, the active fraction of Lycopus lucidus, on erythrocytes rheological property so as to investigate its mechanism in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Method: The effects of L.F04 (used for treatment for 10 days in different dosages) on deformability, aggregation and membrane liquidity of erythrocytes (MLE) as well as whole blood apparent viscosity (η_b) were examined on the basis of rat model of blood-stasis syndrome induced by venous injection of high molecular weight dextran. Result: As compared with the normal control group, the model group's RBC deformability and MLE were lower, and the aggregation of erythrocytes and η_b were higher. Compared with the model group, both L.F04 0.612g/kg and 0.306g/kg showed significant effect in improving deformability and inhibiting aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) and reducing blood viscosity. The trend of improving MLE was also shown. Conclusion: L.F04 could significantly improve the abnormal rheological property of erythrocytes.

Toxoplasma gondii adhesion and apoptosis of chicken erythrocytes

Toxoplasma gondi is thought to infect all nucleated cells in warm-blooded animals,including poultry,mammals,and humans.However,it is unclear whether T.gondi can infect chicken erythrocytes due to the nucleated nature of these cells.Due to the special role of chicken erythrocytes in innate immunity,we investigated the cell-cell interaction between T.gondi and erythrocytes to elucidate the role of chicken erythrocytes in T.gondi infection.Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by transwell assay and flow cytometry.An immunofluorescence method was used to examine the reorganization of vimentin during T.gondi infection in both Vero cells and chicken erythrocytes.The reorganization of actin was evaluated to further examine the invasion capacity of tachyzoites on chicken erythrocytes during infection.We discovered that T.gondi can adhere to but not invade chicken erythrocytes and eventually cause apoptosis in chicken erythrocytes.When tachyzoites were cocultured with chicken erythrocytes in vitro,the transcrip-tional levels of T.gondi MIC3,ROP16,and ROP18 were significantly decreased.In addition,the rearrangement of host cell vimentin,a type Il cytoskeleton protein regulated by T.gondii infection,was not observed.Similarly,the parasite-induced ring-shaped actin structure was not formed in the host-parasite junction.T.gondi(RH strain)tachyzoites pref-erentially invaded Vero cells and replicated in chicken blood monocytes,but they were not found in chicken erythro-cytes.These findings showed that although T.gondi could attach to the surface of chicken erythrocytes,but couldn't invade successfully.Interestingly,we found that the T.gondii secretome,lysates,and intact tachyzoites could cause apoptosis of chicken erythrocytes,which suggested a complex mechanism involved in the apoptosis of chicken erythrocytes induced by T.gondi.This study elucidated that T.gondi could not infect nucleated chicken erythrocytes and enriched our understanding of the transmission mechanism of T.gondii among avian species.

Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Griffonia simplicifolia (Fabaceae) on the Inhibition of Falciformation of Human Hb SS Erythrocytes

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disease in Black Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sickling inhibition activity of Griffonia simplicifolia. Quantitative and qualitative tests were used to determine the major groups of secondary metabolites present in the Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts and the modified Emmel test was used to perform the study of sickling inhibition activity. The OECD 423 toxicity study showed that at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg bw, Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts are not toxic. All tested substances inhibit erythrocyte falciformation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentages of inhibition were 50.35%, 73% and 94.23% for aqueous extract, hydromethanolic extract and phenylalanine respectively at the concentration of 15 mg/mL. The methanolic extract (70%) had higher activity compared to the aqueous extract. These results suggest that the Griffonia simplicifolia extracts have some potential to be used as alternative antisickling therapy in SCD management.

Research progress on refractory composition and deformability of shell molds for TiAl alloy castings

At present, most TiAl components are produced by an investment casting process. Environmental and economic pressures have, however, resulted in a need for the industry to improve the current casting quality, reduce manufacturing costs and explore new markets for the process. Currently, the main problems for investment casting of TiAl alloys are cracks, porosities, and surface defects. To solve these problems, many studies have been conducted around the world, and it is found that casting defects can be reduced by improving composition and properties of the shell molds. It is important to make a summary for the related research progress for quality improvement of TiAl castings. So, the development on refractory composition of shell molds for TiAl alloy investment castings was reviewed, and research progress on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy castings both at home and abroad in recent years was introduced. The existing methods for deformability characterization and methods for improving the deformability of shell molds were summarized and discussed. The updated advancement in numerical simulation of TiAl alloy investment casting was presented, showing the necessity for considering the deformability of shell mold during simulation. Finally, possible research points for future studies on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy investment casting were proposed.

Deformability and microstructure transformation of PM TiAl alloy prepared by pseudo-HIP technology

Microstructures and deformation properties of Ti-46Al-(Cr,Nb,W,B)alloy consolidated by pseudo-HIP technology were investigated.The results show that the pseudo-HIP temperature has a significant effect on microstructures.When the sintering temperature is 1 100℃,the microstructure of as-pseudo-HIPped alloy is similar to that of the prealloyed powder and the interfaces of these powder particles are still discernible,but a nearγmicrostructure appears in particles.Increasing the pressing temperature to 1 200℃develops successfully a homogeneous and fine-grained duplex microstructure.A typically fully lamellar microstructure with residualβphase is developed at 1 300℃.The compact exhibits excellent deformation properties at elevated temperatures. When the compression temperature is higher than 1 100℃,high quality products without cracks can be obtained even if the engineering compression strain is up to 0.8 at strain rates of 10-2-10-3s-1.It can be established that the mechanical twinning and matrix deformation due to ordinary dislocation slip/climb contribute to the whole hot deformation.

Interaction of Lanthanum and Calcium with Human Erythrocyte Membranes

The effect of lanthanum and calcium on the structure and function of human erythrocyte membranes was investigated by fluorescence polarization, spin- labeled electron spin resonance (ESR) and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that low concentration of La3+ (0.5 mu mol/L) activated a Little (Na++K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities, and it inhibited obvi ously the ATPase activities with increasing its concentrations. La3+ lowered the lipid fluidity of human erythrocyte membranes and decreased the vibration intensity of alpha-helix of the protein in the Amide I '. The effect of Ca2+ on the lipid fluidity and alpha-helix of the protein in the Amide I ' was smaller than that of La3+.

Prediction of strength and deformability of an interlocked blocky rock mass using UDEC

The accurate prediction of strength and deformability characteristics of rock mass is a challenging issue.In practice,properties of a rock mass are often estimated from available empirical relationships based on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).However,UCS does not always give a good indication of in situ rock mass strength and deformability.The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to predict the strength and deformability of a jointed rock mass using UDEC(universal distinct element code).In the study,the rock mass is modelled as an assemblage of deformable blocks that can yield as an intact material and/or slide along predefined joints within the rock mass.A range of numerical simulations of uniaxial and triaxial tests was conducted on rock mass samples in order to predict the equivalent mechanical properties for the rock mass under different loading directions.Finally,results are compared with the deformability parameters obtained by analytical methods.

Numerical evaluation of strength and deformability of fractured rocks

Knowledge of the strength and deformability of fractured rocks is important for design, construction and stability evaluation of slopes, foundations and underground excavations in civil and mining engineering. However, laboratory tests of intact rock samples cannot provide information about the strength and deformation behaviors of fractured rock masses that include many fractures of varying sizes, orientations and locations. On the other hand, large-scale in situ tests of fractured rock masses are economically costly and often not practical in reality at present. Therefore, numerical modeling becomes necessary. Numerical predicting using discrete element methods(DEM) is a suitable approach for such modeling because of their advantages of explicit representations of both fractures system geometry and their constitutive behaviors of fractures, besides that of intact rock matrix. In this study, to generically determine the compressive strength of fractured rock masses, a series of numerical experiments were performed on two-dimensional discrete fracture network models based on the realistic geometrical and mechanical data of fracture systems from feld mapping. We used the UDEC code and a numerical servo-controlled program for controlling the progressive compressive loading process to avoid sudden violent failure of the models. The two loading conditions applied are similar to the standard laboratory testing for intact rock samples in order to check possible differences caused by such loading conditions. Numerical results show that the strength of fractured rocks increases with the increasing confning pressure, and that deformation behavior of fractured rocks follows elasto-plastic model with a trend of strain hardening. The stresses and strains obtained from these numerical experiments were used to ft the well-known Mohr-Coulomb(MC) and Hoek-Brown(H-B) failure criteria, represented by equivalent material properties defning these two criteria. The results show that both criteria can provide fair estimates of the compressive strengths for all tested numerical models. Parameters of the elastic deformability of fractured models during elastic deformation stages were also evaluated, and represented as equivalent Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio as functions of lateral confning pressure. It is the frst time that such systematic numerical predicting for strength of fractured rocks was performed considering different loading conditions, with important fndings for different behaviors of fractured rock masses, compared with testing intact rock samples under similar loading conditions.

The structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes visualized by using atomicforce microscopy

The structure of the nuclosome core particle of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined by usingAFM. The 146 hp of DNA wrapped twice around the corehistone octamer are clearly visualized. Both the ends ofentry/exit of linker DNA are also demonstrated. The dimension of the nucleosome core particles is- 1-4 um inheight and ～13-22 um in width. In addition, superbeads(width of - 48-57 urn, beight of-2-3 nm) are occasionallyrevealed, two turns of DNA around the core particles arealso detected.

A counting method for complex overlapping erythrocytes-based microscopic imaging

Red blood cell(RBC)counting is a standard medical test that can help diagnose various conditions and diseases.Manual counting of blood cells is highly tedious and time consuming.However,new methods for counting blood cells are customary employing both electronic and computer-assisted techniques.Image segmentation is a classical task in most image processing applications which can be used to count blood cells in a microscopic image.In this research work,an approach for erythrocytes counting is proposed.We employed a classification before counting and a new segmentation idea was implemented on the complex overlapping clusters in a microscopic smear image.Experimental results show that the proposed method is of higher counting accuracy and it performs much better than most counting algorithms existed in the situation of three or more RBCs overlapping complexly into a group.The average total erythrocytes counting accuracy of the proposed method reaches 92.9%.

Relationship between glutathione and malonaldehyde levels in erythrocytes and the deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione （GSH） and malonaldehyde （MDA）, the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： Controlled observation.SETTING： Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female, with mean age of （62±7）years. There were 23 cases found on the 1^st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3^rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7^th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of （52±8）years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index.METHODS：①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1^st, 3^rd,7^th and 14^th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method.②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment 〈 15 points was regarded as mild （n=46）, 15 to 30 points as moderate （n=40）and, 〉 30 points as severe （n=12）. ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ：① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction . ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset （r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P 〈 0.05-0.01 ） ,and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index （t-=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[（0.215±0.088）,（0.192±0.102）, （0.281±0.090） g/L, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION：①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3^rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7^th day to 14^th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction.③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.

Super deformability and thermoelectricity of bulkγ-InSe single crystals

Indium selenide,aⅢ–Ⅴgroup semiconductor with layered structure,attracts intense attention in various photoelectric applications,due to its outstanding properties.Here,we report super deformability and thermoelectricity ofγ-In Se single crystals grown by modified Bridgeman method.The crystal structure of In Se is studied systematically by transmission electron microscopy methods combined with x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.The predominate phase ofγ-In Se with dense stacking faults and local multiphases is directly demonstrated at atomic scale.The bulkγ-In Se crystals demonstrate surprisingly high intrinsic super deformative ability which is highly pliable with bending strains exceeding12.5%and 264%extension by rolling.At the meantime,In Se also possesses graphite-like features which is printable,writable,and erasable.Finally,the thermoelectric properties ofγ-In Se bulk single crystals are preliminary studied and thermal conductivity can be further reduced via bending-induced defects.These findings will enrich the knowledge of structural and mechanical properties'flexibility of In Se and shed lights on the intrinsic and unique mechanical properties of In Se polytypes.

Symmetry energy of strange quark matter and tidal deformability of strange quark stars

Research performed during the past decade revealed an important role of symmetry energy in the equation of state(EOS)of strange quark matter(SQM).By introducing an isospin-dependent term into the quark mass scaling,the SQM stability window in the equivparticle model was studied.The results show that a sufficiently strong isospin dependence C_(I)can significantly widen the SQM region of absolute stability,yielding results that simultaneously satisfy the constraints of the astrophysical observations of PSR J1614-2230 with 1.928±0.017 Mand tidal deformability 70≤Λ_(1:4)≤580 measured in the event GW170817.With increasing C_(I),the difference between the u,d,and s quark fractions for the SQM inβ-equilibrium becomes inconspicuous for C>0,leading to small isospin asymmetryδ,and further resulting in similar EOS and structures of strange quark stars(SQSs).Moreover,unlike the behavior of the maximum mass of ud QSs,which varies with C_(I)depending on the sign of the parameter C,the maximum mass of the SQSs decreases monotonously with increasing CI.

Visualization of chromatin folding patterns in chicken erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM)

The organization of the higher order structure of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined withtapping-mode scanning force microscopy under conditionsclose to their native environment. Reproducible highresolution AFM images of chromatin compaction at several levels can be demonstrated. An extended beads-on-astring (width of ～ 15-20nm, height of ～ 2-3nm for eachindividual nucleosome) can be consistently observed. Furthermore, superbeads (width of ～ 40nm, height of ～ 7nm)are demonstrated. Visualization of the solenoid conformation at the level of 30nm chromatin fiber is attained eitherby using AFM or by using electron microscopy. In addition, tightly coiled chromatin fibers (～ 50-60nm and ～90-110nm) can be revealed. Our data suggest that the chromatin in the interphase nucleus of chicken erythrocyte represents a high-order conformation and AFM provides useful high-resolution structural information concerning thefolding pattern of interphase chromatin fibers.

Influence of hot isostatic pressing on microstructure,properties and deformability of selective laser melting TC4 alloy

The influence of different hot isostatic pressing regimes on microstructure,phase constitution,microhardness,tensile properties and deformability of TC4 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM)technology was studied.The results show that the microstructure of SLM TC4 alloy is composed of acicular martensiteα’phase,and the sample exhibits high microhardness and strength,but low plasticity.After hot isostatic pressing,acicular martensiteα’phase transforms intoα+βphase,and with the increase of hot isostatic pressing temperature and duration,αphase with coarse lath is gradually refined,and the proportion ofαphase is gradually reduced.Because of the change of phase constitution in SLM TC4 alloy after hot isostatic pressing,the grain refinement strengthening is weakened,the density of dislocation is reduced,so that both microhardness and tensile strength are decreased by around 20%,the elongation is increased by more than about 70%,even over 100%,compared with as-deposited TC4 alloy.When the hot isostatic pressing regime is 940°C/3 h/150 MPa,the tensile strength and the elongation achieve optimal match,which are about890 MPa and around 14.0%in both directions.The fracture mechanism of alloy after 940 oC/3 h/150 MPa HIP is dultile fracture.Hot isostatic pressing causes concave deformation of SLM TC4 alloy thin-walled frames,and the deformation degree increases with the increase of temperature.

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) impacts on erythrocyte viscoelasticity and its molecular mechanism

Aim:The oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OxLDL) plays an important role in atherosclerosis yet it remains unclear if it damages circulating erythrocytes. Method: In this study。