High-organic (mucky) mineral soils make a small proportion of the Canadian agricultural land but are highly productive, especially for organic farming. Although these high-quality soils may release large amounts of ni...High-organic (mucky) mineral soils make a small proportion of the Canadian agricultural land but are highly productive, especially for organic farming. Although these high-quality soils may release large amounts of nitrate and phosphate to the environment, there is yet no reliable agro-environmental indicator for managing N and P compared to the adjacent mineral and organic soils. Our objective was to quantify the N mineralization and P environmental risks of mucky mineral soils. Nine Canadian soil series (eight Orthic Humic Gleysols and one Terric Humisol with three variants) were analyzed for texture, pH(CaCl2), total C and N, oxalate and Mehlich-III (M-III) extractable P, Al and Fe, and water extractable P (Pw). Soil texture varied from loamy sand to heavy clay, organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 14 to 392 g·OC·kg-1, total N from 1.21 to 16.38 g·N·kg-1, and degree of P saturation (DPSM-III) as molar (P/[Al + γFe])M-III percentage between 0.3% and 11.3%. After 100 d of incubation, soils released 31 to 340 mg·N·kg-1. The N mineralization rate was closely correlated to organic matter content (r = 0.91, p Sandy to loamy soils released 1.2 - 1.8 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 compared to 1.6 - 2.4 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for clayey soils, 2.0 - 2.8 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for mucky clayey soils and 2.6 - 2.7 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for Humisol. For (P/[Al + 3Fe])M-III ratios of mucky clayey soils below 4.5%, water-extractable P did not exceed threshold of 9.7 mg Pw L-1. Mucky clayey soils could be managed for N similarly to Humisol and for P with (P/[Al + 3Fe])M-III percentage not exceeding 4.5%.展开更多
磷素饱和度(Degree of phosphorus saturation,DPS)能够有效评估土壤磷素的流失潜能及地表水磷富营养化问题,可用于评价土壤磷素环境风险。DPS值通常由酸性草酸钱提取态磷(PQ与提取态铁铝(FemAlQ的摩尔质量比除以校正常数(Corrected con...磷素饱和度(Degree of phosphorus saturation,DPS)能够有效评估土壤磷素的流失潜能及地表水磷富营养化问题,可用于评价土壤磷素环境风险。DPS值通常由酸性草酸钱提取态磷(PQ与提取态铁铝(FemAlQ的摩尔质量比除以校正常数(Corrected constant,a)计算得到,而a是通过建立土壤饱和吸磷量与影响土壤磷吸附的土壤特征值间的相关关系而计算得到的数值;a的取值大小(常取0.5)会直接影响到DPS的准确估算。因此,本文以中国科学院红壤生态实验站(28。04,~28。37取,116°4 r^117。09馆)为依托,以长期施肥(1988-2014年)的旱地红壤为研究材料,通过两种计算方法得到了土壤的DPS值,分析了校正常数a=0.5在长期施肥的旱地红壤DPS计算中的适用性,并确定了长期施肥旱地红壤DPS计算中a的适用性阈值。研究结果表明:校正常数a=0.5虽适用于长期施肥旱地红壤DPS的估算,但易导致旱地红壤DPS的过高估算;对比计算发现,长期施肥旱地红壤DPS计算时,校正常数a的最适取值范围为0.71-0.81。但是,不同环境背景下旱地红壤DPS计算公式中校正常数a的适应性阈值仍需进一步校正与验证,从而提高红壤区土壤磷素环境风险评估的准确性。展开更多
基金the Québec Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment,the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC-CRDPJ 385199-09),Cultures Dolbec Inc.,Groupe Gos-selin FG,Agriparmentier Inc.,Pro-champs Inc.,and Ferme Daniel Bolduc Inc.for financial support.
文摘High-organic (mucky) mineral soils make a small proportion of the Canadian agricultural land but are highly productive, especially for organic farming. Although these high-quality soils may release large amounts of nitrate and phosphate to the environment, there is yet no reliable agro-environmental indicator for managing N and P compared to the adjacent mineral and organic soils. Our objective was to quantify the N mineralization and P environmental risks of mucky mineral soils. Nine Canadian soil series (eight Orthic Humic Gleysols and one Terric Humisol with three variants) were analyzed for texture, pH(CaCl2), total C and N, oxalate and Mehlich-III (M-III) extractable P, Al and Fe, and water extractable P (Pw). Soil texture varied from loamy sand to heavy clay, organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 14 to 392 g·OC·kg-1, total N from 1.21 to 16.38 g·N·kg-1, and degree of P saturation (DPSM-III) as molar (P/[Al + γFe])M-III percentage between 0.3% and 11.3%. After 100 d of incubation, soils released 31 to 340 mg·N·kg-1. The N mineralization rate was closely correlated to organic matter content (r = 0.91, p Sandy to loamy soils released 1.2 - 1.8 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 compared to 1.6 - 2.4 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for clayey soils, 2.0 - 2.8 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for mucky clayey soils and 2.6 - 2.7 kg·N·ha-1·d-1 for Humisol. For (P/[Al + 3Fe])M-III ratios of mucky clayey soils below 4.5%, water-extractable P did not exceed threshold of 9.7 mg Pw L-1. Mucky clayey soils could be managed for N similarly to Humisol and for P with (P/[Al + 3Fe])M-III percentage not exceeding 4.5%.
