This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system,specifically those caused by demyelination.We explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions,particularly those...This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system,specifically those caused by demyelination.We explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions,particularly those aimed at inducing remyelination.Remyelination is a detailed process,involving many cell types–oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),astrocytes,and microglia–and both the innate and adaptive immune systems.Our discussion of this process includes the differentiation potential of neural stem cells,the function of adult OPCs,and the impact of molecular mediators on myelin repair.Emerging therapies are also explored,with mechanisms of action including the induction of OPC differentiation,the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells,and the use of molecular mediators.Further,we discuss current medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders,including multiple sclerosis,optic neuritis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodyassociated disease,transverse myelitis,and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Beyond these emerging systemic therapies,we also introduce the dimethyl fumarate/silk fibroin nerve conduit and its potential role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.Despite these aforementioned scientific advancements,this paper maintains the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of demyelinating diseases and advance therapeutic strategies that enhance affected patients’quality of life.展开更多
背景:研究证实运动对多发性硬化症具有潜在的改善作用,但具体机制尚不完全清楚。目的:总结多发性硬化症患者的生理功能变化,探讨运动改善多发性硬化症患者生理功能的机制。方法:应用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方...背景:研究证实运动对多发性硬化症具有潜在的改善作用,但具体机制尚不完全清楚。目的:总结多发性硬化症患者的生理功能变化,探讨运动改善多发性硬化症患者生理功能的机制。方法:应用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库等,中文检索词为“多发性硬化症,脱髓鞘自身免疫疾病,运动,体育锻炼,神经退行性疾病”等,英文检索词为“Multiple sclerosis,Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases,Exercise,Physical activity,Neurodegenerative diseases”等,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年6月,根据预定的纳入和排除标准,最终筛选出81篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:多发性硬化症患者的生理和功能变化复杂多样,严重影响患者的生活质量和独立生活能力。运动作为一种非药物干预方式,在改善多发性硬化症患者的生理和功能状态方面显示出显著潜力,运动可以缓解疲劳、调节免疫反应、降低压力激素水平、增强血脑屏障功能及促进神经可塑性。然而,当前关于运动治疗多发性硬化症的具体机制研究仍然不足,需要更多高质量、系统性的研究来进一步验证和完善相关结论。未来的研究应聚焦于以下几个方面:进一步探索不同类型和强度运动对多发性硬化症患者生理功能和病情进展的具体影响,找出最适合多发性硬化症患者的运动方案;开展大规模、长期随访的临床试验,验证运动对多发性硬化症患者的长期效果和安全性;结合现代科技手段,如功能性磁共振成像和神经电生理技术,深入揭示运动干预对多发性硬化症患者神经系统的具体作用机制;考虑患者个体差异,制定个性化的运动干预方案,以最大程度地提高干预效果和患者依从性。展开更多
Here we report the clinical,radiological and neuropathological findings of a patient with tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.The patient was a 51-year-old man with a four-mont...Here we report the clinical,radiological and neuropathological findings of a patient with tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.The patient was a 51-year-old man with a four-month history of inflammatory pseudotumor and no other significant medical history,who presented to our hospital recurrent relapse numbness and weakness of his right extremities,dysarthria and memory deterioration.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed mass focal lesion in white matter of left parietal lobes.The biopsy showed numerous infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes within the perivascular.The patient responded clinically to corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy.According to the results of the biopsy and the MRI,a diagnosis of inflammatory pseu-dotumor of the central nervous system was made.The vascular dysfunction may act in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the central nervous system.展开更多
文摘This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system,specifically those caused by demyelination.We explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions,particularly those aimed at inducing remyelination.Remyelination is a detailed process,involving many cell types–oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),astrocytes,and microglia–and both the innate and adaptive immune systems.Our discussion of this process includes the differentiation potential of neural stem cells,the function of adult OPCs,and the impact of molecular mediators on myelin repair.Emerging therapies are also explored,with mechanisms of action including the induction of OPC differentiation,the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells,and the use of molecular mediators.Further,we discuss current medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders,including multiple sclerosis,optic neuritis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodyassociated disease,transverse myelitis,and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Beyond these emerging systemic therapies,we also introduce the dimethyl fumarate/silk fibroin nerve conduit and its potential role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.Despite these aforementioned scientific advancements,this paper maintains the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of demyelinating diseases and advance therapeutic strategies that enhance affected patients’quality of life.
文摘Here we report the clinical,radiological and neuropathological findings of a patient with tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.The patient was a 51-year-old man with a four-month history of inflammatory pseudotumor and no other significant medical history,who presented to our hospital recurrent relapse numbness and weakness of his right extremities,dysarthria and memory deterioration.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed mass focal lesion in white matter of left parietal lobes.The biopsy showed numerous infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes within the perivascular.The patient responded clinically to corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy.According to the results of the biopsy and the MRI,a diagnosis of inflammatory pseu-dotumor of the central nervous system was made.The vascular dysfunction may act in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the central nervous system.
