Development and validation of a registry-based definition of eosinophilic esophagitis in Denmark

AIM:To develop and validate a case definition of eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE) in the linked Danish health registries.METHODS:For case definition development,we queried the Danish medical registries from 2006-2007 to identify candidate cases of EoE in Northern Denmark.All International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10) and prescription codes were obtained,and archived pathology slides were obtained and re-reviewed to determine case status.We used an iterative process to select inclusion/exclusion codes,refine the case definition,and optimize sensitivity and specificity.We then re-queried the registries from 2008-2009 to yield a validation set.The case definition algorithm was applied,and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.RESULTS:Of the 51 and 49 candidate cases identified in both the development and validation sets,21 and 24 had EoE,respectively.Characteristics of EoE cases in the development set [mean age 35 years;76% male;86% dysphagia;103 eosinophils per high-power field(eos/hpf)] were similar to those in the validation set(mean age 42 years;83% male;67% dysphagia;77 eos/hpf).Re-review of archived slides confirmed that the pathology coding for esophageal eosinophilia was correct in greater than 90% of cases.Two registrybased case algorithms based on pathology,ICD-10,and pharmacy codes were successfully generated in the development set,one that was sensitive(90%) and one that was specific(97%).When these algorithms were applied to the validation set,they remained sensitive(88%) and specific(96%).CONCLUSION:Two registry-based definitions,one highly sensitive and one highly specific,were developed and validated for the linked Danish national health databases,making future population-based studies feasible.

historical review of pig testing programs in Denmark

The first swine testing station and program in the world was started in Denmark.Denmark has tested breeding and genetics traits of pigs for more than 100 years and have developed an efficient structure and system to select pigs which produce quality pork for the consumer. The Danish pork is exported to many countries around the world.The testing programs described in the article have proven to be very successful over the last 100 years.The history of swine testing for superior pigs is not finished yet.The selection criteria for quality swine breeding animals will also need to be updated on a regular time table because the production systems are changing yearly and new environmental codes and animal welfare regulations are added each year so the testing programs on pig farms also need to change to meet the new production standards.It is not uncommon to obtain some unusual traits when selecting for extreme traits in pigs when they are on testing programs.When these traits are obtained, it requires additional testing to remove these traits.An example would be the Porcine Stress Syndrome.Osteochondrosis is another example.The gene mapping research will also open up new directions for swine testing programs.Therefore, as long as we produce pigs for quality pork and efficient production we will need outstanding swine testing programs.

Mafic Dykes on Bornholm(Denmark) as Indicators of Precambrian to Permian Extensional Events at the SW Margin of the Fennoscandian Shield

About 200 mafic dykes intruded Mesoproterozoic gneisses and granites of Bornholm,a Danish island situated in the southern Baltic Sea between Sweden,Germany and Poland.Field studies along the northern coast document

Co-residence in Denmark in 1801

The Danish 1801 census is available in a fully coded and standardised digital version. This makes it possible to analyse the living conditions of the Danes in new ways. A very central aspect of living conditions is household and family. The census is divided by these lines and therefore calculations of household size and complexity are straight forward and this clearly gives one side of the picture. A totally different side is co-residence analysis. This is not straight forward, but because of the standardisation it is doable. By this means, you get a picture of the likelihood that a person of a given age group lives together with specific relatives. It gives an insight into a central part of living conditions and it gives a picture of differences between sexes and urbanisations. The paper brings the two ways of description together and shows that each has something to contribute to the picture of the Danes.

A More Renewable-Friendly Electrical Grid: Thermal Storage Refrigeration for Demand Response in California and Denmark

Energy storage technologies, which enable demand response, are being explored throughout the world as a component of strategies for switching to renewable intermittent energy sources and reducing peak loads. This study examines thermal storage refrigeration (TSR) technology as a case study for the potential value of demand response in California and Denmark. Using technical specifications from a TSR prototype developed at UC Davis and market data from California and Denmark, the analysis examines possible business models for the TSR refrigerators and highlights market characteristics that are important to its adoption. Results suggest that the TSR technology is not a viable option in the current market environment in Denmark, but could payback in less than 6 years in California if a part of a demand response based virtual power plant. In a hypothetical future scenario involving real-time pricing in the retail market, a high degree of price volatility would be needed to make TSR technology appealing to residential consumers. Based on this analysis, an interesting area of future work would focus on the market potential of TSR technology for commercial and industrial applications.

Multiple Institutional Dynamics of Sustainable Housing Concepts in DenmarkOn the Role of Passive Houses

One of the central challenges of sustainable transition is the changing of the buildings. This involves social, cultural,political, and regulatory dynamics. Critically using transition theory conceptualization of a world of dynamics, the paper reviews institutional theory and actor network approaches in an attempt to better account for contemporary developments in Europe, encompassing EU reforms as well as multiple competing concepts. The emergence of ＂passive houses＂ in Denmark is used as a case of transition dynamics. The concept was developed in Germany and imported into Denmark. It is a technological niche, encompassing technologies, players, improvisation, and early customers. Passive houses have entered into fierce competition with other future institutions such as LEED （Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design）, DGNB （German Sustainable Building Council）/green building council, and active houses. Passive houses were at the outset a well-developed upcoming institution with design principles, software, certification and numerous reference buildings, strong enough to be a challenger institution. They are promoted by a characteristic alliance of architects, consulting engineers, a few clients, and an architect school, whereas the other concepts exhibit their specific actor alliances. Yet passive houses experience barriers such as the reputation of being expensive and non-user friendly, and are currently surpassed by the other concepts.

A Modern Fairyland: On Mr. Zhou Tienong's Visit to Denmark

At the invitation of the Danish-Chinese Business Forum(DCBF),Zhou Tienong,Vice-Chairman of the 11thNational People’s Congress Standing Committee and President of CAFIU,led a CAFIU delegation to visit Denmark from June 9thto 12th.When we arrived in Copenhagen at 10:30 pm,looking at the skyline of the copper domes

President Zhou Tienong Headed a Delegation to Visit Hungary and Denmark

At the invitation of the"World Bridge"Foundation of Hungary and the Danish-Chinese Business Forum,Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People’s Congress and CAFIU’s President headed a CAFIU delegation to visit Hungary and Denmark from June 4 to 13,2013.

学习进阶与跨学科融合:素养导向的丹麦义务教育数学课程

丹麦最新版的《数学学科纲要》基于“素养×主题”的二维框架构建课程模型,凸显数学素养目标。在课程体系设计上,丹麦数学课程呈现出两个特征:一是通过阶段式描绘数学学业成就、具象化学生学习行为表现、构建演进式的内容组织模式,突出学习进阶;二是以跨学科学习为抓手,通过明确学科立场、规划交叉主题、实施项目式作业,重视跨学科融合。对此,可以从深度融合学习进阶理念,开展基于超学科主题的跨学科学习,注重学习进阶与跨学科融合的协同整合来进一步深化我国数学教育教学变革。

丹麦中小学生心理健康教育指导和服务研究

丹麦中小学生随着社交媒体的发展,出现了日益严重的心理健康问题,引起了丹麦政府及社会各界的广泛关注和重视。文章探究了丹麦中小学生心理健康问题的主要类型及表现,详述了丹麦在加强中小学生心理健康教育方面的预防措施及政策管理,聚焦疫情时期的应对措施和信息化手段的运用及效果。此外,还描述了丹麦天才儿童的心理健康情况和特别针对性的心理健康服务措施。总体上,丹麦政府、社会、学校以及家庭层面都致力于提供多样化的心理健康服务,共同促进学生的心理健康和幸福感。

The Rise of Private Tutoring in Denmark:An Entrepreneur's Perspectives and Experiences

This article sheds light on the emergence of private tutoring in Denmark.Written from the perspective of a tutoring entrepreneur,it discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by a fledgling tutoring company in present-day Danish society.The article is a personal narrative of the author's experience with establishing the first major Danish tutoring company.The enthusiastic response by parents to the services offered by the author's company shows that there has long existed a hitherto unmet need for private tutoring in Denmark.However,the author also argues that the political turmoil surrounding the 2013 Danish school reform made parents increasingly sceptical that mainstream schools could effectively address the needs of their children.It thereby prepared the ground for launching a private tutoring concept.It is only in the last decade that private tutoring has emerged in Denmark.The article provides a unique insider's perspective on this largely unexplored development.

Modes and Trajectories of Shadow Education in Denmark and China:Fieldwork Reflections by a Comparativist

Purpose In the domain of shadow education(private supplementary tutoring),Denmark and China may be placed at opposite ends of a spectrum.Denmark has a recently emerged,small,and high-cost sector that mostly serves low achievers,while China has a more industrialized sector with a long history and economies of scale.The paper juxtaposes the two to shed light on each.Design/Approach/Methods The article is a personal narrative of the author's research experiences.She grew up and had initial education in China before moving to the Nordic realm for 2 years.This provided a set of initial lenses,which were subsequently deployed in research partnership from her current base in China with colleagues in Denmark.Findings The juxtaposition raises questions that might otherwise not have been asked and provides insights that might otherwise not have been gained.Danish families hesitate to use shadow education for advantages in the egalitarian society,in contrast to Chinese patterns that stress competition and achievement.These facets have implications for the modes of shadow education and even the names of tutorial companies.Originality/Value The paper has a methodological value in addition to its substantive insights on the trajectories of shadow education in the two countries.

Shadow Education in Denmark:In the Light of the Danish History of Pedagogy and the Skepticism Toward Competition

Purpose:This article investigates the role of private supplementary tutoring in Denmark in light of the country’s pedagogical traditions in schools and leisure spheres.Design/Approach/Methods:Although tutoring activities are increasing,the phenomenon is not as prevalent in Denmark as in many other countries.In this article,we look into the history of Danish pedagogy for answers as to why this is the case.In the analytical sections of the article,we include research on parental values of child-rearing,as well as findings from a pilot study on Danish families purchasing private supplementary tutoring,the public debate about private tutoring,and contemporary youth research.Findings:With a solid emphasis on democracy and equality in Danish pedagogy,the conditions for increasing private supplementary tutoring in Denmark have been challenged.However,a current focus on global competition,formal competencies,and higher academic performance among children and young people suggests that providers of private tutoring perhaps face a brighter future—also in Denmark.Originality/Value:This article addresses a new field of qualitative research on private supplementary tutoring in Denmark and may be a platform for further reflection and empirical research.

The Private Tutoring Industry in Denmark: Market Making and Modes of Moral Justification

Purpose:The article focuses on the emergence of a private tutoring industry in Denmark over the last decade. Specifically, it explores how private tutoring companies legitimize themselves in a social and cultural context where education has for long predominantly been understood in egalitarian terms.Design/Approach/Methods:The article takes inspiration from Viviana Zelizer’s work on morally controversial markets. It explores the “moral labor” performed by private tutoring companies to redefine the exchange of private tutoring services as a socially wholesome activity. It does so through a close analysis of business information, company websites, and news media articles on private tutoring.Findings:The article argues that, generally, the marketing material of tutoring companies focuses more on social equality and student well-being than on academic success. Thus, the companies predominantly legitimize themselves in terms of long-standing Scandinavian ideals of education. Increasingly, these are also the terms in which the companies criticize mainstream schooling.Originality/Value:The article contributes new knowledge of private tutoring in a Scandinavian context where very little research on the issue has so far been conducted. Theoretically, it relates previous research on “legitimation projects” of private tutoring companies to broader sociological theories on market making.

Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate change.Consequently,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing adaptation.However,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger cities.Coastal towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to adaptation.The absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being overlooked.This paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high accuracy.The method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into types.This will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

Tax Weapons in the COVID-19 War:A Preliminary Study of Brazil,Canada,Denmark,UK and US

1.The COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic is killing hundreds of thousands of people and crippling businesses worldwide.2 There is no medical cure or vaccine yet.To prevent COVID-19 from crushing the health care system,non-essential activities have been paused and people are asked to stay home and keep"social distancing"in order to slow down the spread of the virus.

积极劳动力市场政策背景下丹麦教育改革的实践及启示

丹麦的劳动力市场政策以其灵活保障模式而闻名,其积极劳动力市场政策历经探索尝试、运用完善、重新审视、整顿深化四个阶段,呈现提供多样化服务、强化个性化定制服务、坚持开放性与灵活性并存等特征。教育改革作为丹麦积极劳动力市场政策的重要组成部分,对振兴劳动力市场发挥了重要作用,丹麦从形成职业教育体系多元化结构、突出职业教育的实践性和联动性、将中小学创新创业教育上升为国家战略、普及“责任大学”范式以提升社会服务能力等方面进行教育改革实践,其教育目标积极反映社会需求、教育内容具有很强的实践性、教育治理结构有助于教育内容落地、教育体制机制灵活且高效。在我国产业结构转型升级、高水平应用型人才严重短缺的当下,丹麦教育改革的实践经验可为我国增强职业教育适应性、促进中小学创新创业教育、提升高等教育服务经济社会发展能力等方面提供有益参考。

何以是丹麦?——近代中国农村合作运动的路径选择

20世纪20—30年代,中国农村合作运动曾经尝试借鉴丹麦经验,丹麦合作事业的成功离不开土地改革和民众教育。土地改革后的自耕农成为合作事业的主体,不过,这项变革需要强有力的政府来策动,在当时的中国,此条件尚不完全具备。且因中国土地权益错综复杂,以及土地承载了不可估量的伦理和情感价值,要实现耕者有其田的目标,困难重重。至于民众教育,丹麦民众学校以“最大的是爱”为训,将爱己、爱神与爱邻人统合在一起。在实际生活的教育中,在“家庭化”的氛围里,乡村青年过的是有爱的团体生活,也为离校后从事农村合作做足了准备。与之不同,我们的民众教育则从“人生有情”的民族精神出发,激起乐生之心。乐生之后才有乐群(合作精神)、乐业(合作事业),个人无所计较,不顾得失,合作乃人生情谊之乐。

丹麦早期增强教育课程改革概况与启示

正确处理早期学习与游戏的关系是丹麦早期教育课程改革的核心议题。伴随对早期教育机构质量提升的需要以及对早期教育机构“学校化”的担忧,2018年丹麦开启了新一轮的国家课程标准修订,开始实施“增强教育课程”改革。“增强教育课程”建立在九个共同教学要素之上,并围绕六个相互联系的课程主题展开,相比以往,进一步加强了对游戏、学习以及儿童观的详细描述,尤其重申了儿童自发游戏的重要价值。“增强教育课程”还十分注重通过自我反思性评估和外部监测来保障课程实施的质量。丹麦课程改革启示我们要充分保障儿童游戏的权利,肯定游戏的价值,真正落实早期教育课程中的儿童参与和家庭参与,并通过科学评价提升和改进早期教育质量。

丹麦医院卫生技术评估运行模式研究及启示

以医院卫生技术评估发展成熟的丹麦作为典型案例,分析了丹麦医院卫生技术评估的机构设置、机构职能、评估流程、筹资模式、动态调整5个方面的特点。丹麦医院卫生技术评估取得的成功经验主要包括医教研的有效结合、文献资源的有力支撑保障以及基于医院卫生技术评估切实的决策机制。我国医院卫生技术评估的发展应加强人才队伍建设与合理设置机构、健全评估流程与评估机制以及建立科学的筹资模式。