First-order optimality condition of basis pursuit denoise problem

A new first-order optimality condition for the basis pursuit denoise （BPDN） problem is derived. This condition provides a new approach to choose the penalty param- eters adaptively for a fixed point iteration algorithm. Meanwhile, the result is extended to matrix completion which is a new field on the heel of the compressed sensing. The numerical experiments of sparse vector recovery and low-rank matrix completion show validity of the theoretic results.

Automatic modulation recognition of radio fuzes using a DR2D-based adaptive denoising method and textural feature extraction

The identification of intercepted radio fuze modulation types is a prerequisite for decision-making in interference systems.However,the electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields is complex,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of such environments is usually low,which makes it difficult to implement accurate recognition of radio fuzes.To solve the above problem,a radio fuze automatic modulation recognition(AMR)method for low-SNR environments is proposed.First,an adaptive denoising algorithm based on data rearrangement and the two-dimensional(2D)fast Fourier transform(FFT)(DR2D)is used to reduce the noise of the intercepted radio fuze intermediate frequency(IF)signal.Then,the textural features of the denoised IF signal rearranged data matrix are extracted from the statistical indicator vectors of gray-level cooccurrence matrices(GLCMs),and support vector machines(SVMs)are used for classification.The DR2D-based adaptive denoising algorithm achieves an average correlation coefficient of more than 0.76 for ten fuze types under SNRs of-10 d B and above,which is higher than that of other typical algorithms.The trained SVM classification model achieves an average recognition accuracy of more than 96%on seven modulation types and recognition accuracies of more than 94%on each modulation type under SNRs of-12 d B and above,which represents a good AMR performance of radio fuzes under low SNRs.

AMicroseismic Signal Denoising Algorithm Combining VMD and Wavelet Threshold Denoising Optimized by BWOA

The denoising of microseismic signals is a prerequisite for subsequent analysis and research.In this research,a new microseismic signal denoising algorithm called the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(BWOA)optimized VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD)jointWavelet Threshold Denoising(WTD)algorithm(BVW)is proposed.The BVW algorithm integrates VMD and WTD,both of which are optimized by BWOA.Specifically,this algorithm utilizes VMD to decompose the microseismic signal to be denoised into several Band-Limited IntrinsicMode Functions(BLIMFs).Subsequently,these BLIMFs whose correlation coefficients with the microseismic signal to be denoised are higher than a threshold are selected as the effective mode functions,and the effective mode functions are denoised using WTD to filter out the residual low-and intermediate-frequency noise.Finally,the denoised microseismic signal is obtained through reconstruction.The ideal values of VMD parameters and WTD parameters are acquired by searching with BWOA to achieve the best VMD decomposition performance and solve the problem of relying on experience and requiring a large workload in the application of the WTD algorithm.The outcomes of simulated experiments indicate that this algorithm is capable of achieving good denoising performance under noise of different intensities,and the denoising performance is significantly better than the commonly used VMD and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)algorithms.The BVW algorithm is more efficient in filtering noise,the waveform after denoising is smoother,the amplitude of the waveform is the closest to the original signal,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the root mean square error after denoising are more satisfying.The case based on Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine shows that for microseismic signals with different intensities of noise monitored on-site,compared with VMD and EMD,the BVW algorithm ismore efficient in filtering noise,and the SNR after denoising is higher.

基于EEMD、相关系数、排列熵和小波阈值去噪的新型水下声学信号去噪方法

The complexities of the marine environment and the unique characteristics of underwater channels pose challenges in obtaining reliable signals underwater,necessitating the filtration of underwater acoustic noise.Herein,an underwater acoustic signal denoising method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD),correlation coefficient(CC),permutation entropy(PE),and wavelet threshold denoising(WTD)is proposed.Furthermore,simulation experiments are conducted using simulated and real underwater acoustic data.The experimental results reveal that the proposed denoising method outperforms other previous methods in terms of signal-to-noise ratio,root mean square error,and CC.The proposed method eliminates noise and retains valuable information in the signal.

An alternative 2D ICEEMDAN-based denoising method and its application in processing magnetic anomaly data

Due to environmental noise and human factors,magnetic data collected in the field often contain various noises and interferences that significantly affect the subsequent data processing and interpretation.Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),an adaptive multiscale analysis method for nonlinear and non-stationary signals,is widely used in geophysical and geodetic data processing.Compared with traditional EMD,Improved Complete Ensemble EMD with Adaptive Noise(ICEEMDAN)is more effective in addressing the problem of mode mixing.Based on the principles of 1D ICEEMDAN,this paper presents an alternative algorithm for 2D ICEEMDAN,extending its application to two-dimensional scenarios.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through synthetic signal experiments,which show that the 2D ICEEMDAN exhibits a weaker mode mixing effect compared to the traditional bidimensional EMD(BEMD)method.Furthermore,to improve the performance of the denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN and preserve useful signals in high-frequency components,an improved soft thresholding technique is introduced.Synthetic magnetic anomaly data testing indicates that our denoising method effectively preserves signal continuity and outperforms traditional soft thresholding methods.To validate the practical application of this improved threshold denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN,it is applied to ground magnetic survey data in the Yandun area of Xinjiang.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in removing noise while retaining essential information from practical magnetic anomaly data.In particular,practical applications suggest that 2D ICEEMDAN can extract trend signals more accurately than the BEMD.In conclusion,as a potential tool for multi-scale decomposition,the 2D ICEEMDAN is versatile in processing and analyzing 2D geophysical and geodetic data.

Attention-Based Residual Dense Shrinkage Network for ECG Denoising

Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is one of the noninvasive physiological measurement techniques commonly usedin cardiac diagnosis.However,in real scenarios,the ECGsignal is susceptible to various noise erosion,which affectsthe subsequent pathological analysis.Therefore,the effective removal of the noise from ECG signals has becomea top priority in cardiac diagnostic research.Aiming at the problem of incomplete signal shape retention andlow signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)after denoising,a novel ECG denoising network,named attention-based residualdense shrinkage network(ARDSN),is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the shallow ECG characteristics are extractedby a shallow feature extraction network(SFEN).Then,the residual dense shrinkage attention block(RDSAB)isused for adaptive noise suppression.Finally,feature fusion representation(FFR)is performed on the hierarchicalfeatures extracted by a series of RDSABs to reconstruct the de-noised ECG signal.Experiments on the MIT-BIHarrhythmia database and MIT-BIH noise stress test database indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resistthe interference of different sources of noise on the ECG signal.

EDU-GAN:Edge Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks with Dual-Domain Discriminators for Inscription Images Denoising

Recovering high-quality inscription images from unknown and complex inscription noisy images is a challenging research issue.Different fromnatural images,character images pay more attention to stroke information.However,existingmodelsmainly consider pixel-level informationwhile ignoring structural information of the character,such as its edge and glyph,resulting in reconstructed images with mottled local structure and character damage.To solve these problems,we propose a novel generative adversarial network(GAN)framework based on an edge-guided generator and a discriminator constructed by a dual-domain U-Net framework,i.e.,EDU-GAN.Unlike existing frameworks,the generator introduces the edge extractionmodule,guiding it into the denoising process through the attention mechanism,which maintains the edge detail of the restored inscription image.Moreover,a dual-domain U-Net-based discriminator is proposed to learn the global and local discrepancy between the denoised and the label images in both image and morphological domains,which is helpful to blind denoising tasks.The proposed dual-domain discriminator and generator for adversarial training can reduce local artifacts and keep the denoised character structure intact.Due to the lack of a real-inscription image,we built the real-inscription dataset to provide an effective benchmark for studying inscription image denoising.The experimental results show the superiority of our method both in the synthetic and real-inscription datasets.

Identification of banana leaf disease based on KVA and GR-ARNet

Banana is a significant crop,and three banana leaf diseases,including Sigatoka,Cordana and Pestalotiopsis,have the potential to have a serious impact on banana production.Existing studies are insufficient to provide a reliable method for accurately identifying banana leaf diseases.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel method to identify banana leaf diseases.First,a new algorithm called K-scale VisuShrink algorithm(KVA)is proposed to denoise banana leaf images.The proposed algorithm introduces a new decomposition scale K based on the semi-soft and middle course thresholds,the ideal threshold solution is obtained and substituted with the newly established threshold function to obtain a less noisy banana leaf image.Then,this paper proposes a novel network for image identification called Ghost ResNeSt-Attention RReLU-Swish Net(GR-ARNet)based on Resnet50.In this,the Ghost Module is implemented to improve the network's effectiveness in extracting deep feature information on banana leaf diseases and the identification speed;the ResNeSt Module adjusts the weight of each channel,increasing the ability of banana disease feature extraction and effectively reducing the error rate of similar disease identification;the model's computational speed is increased using the hybrid activation function of RReLU and Swish.Our model achieves an average accuracy of 96.98%and a precision of 89.31%applied to 13,021 images,demonstrating that the proposed method can effectively identify banana leaf diseases.

Improving autoencoder-based unsupervised damage detection in uncontrolled structural health monitoring under noisy conditions

Structural health monitoring is widely utilized in outdoor environments,especially under harsh conditions,which can introduce noise into the monitoring system.Therefore,designing an effective denoising strategy to enhance the performance of guided wave damage detection in noisy environments is crucial.This paper introduces a local temporal principal component analysis(PCA)reconstruction approach for denoising guided waves prior to implementing unsupervised damage detection,achieved through novel autoencoder-based reconstruction.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed denoising method significantly enhances damage detection performance when guided waves are contaminated by noise,with SNR values ranging from 10 to-5 dB.Following the implementation of the proposed denoising approach,the AUC score can elevate from 0.65 to 0.96 when dealing with guided waves corrputed by noise at a level of-5 dB.Additionally,the paper provides guidance on selecting the appropriate number of components used in the denoising PCA reconstruction,aiding in the optimization of the damage detection in noisy conditions.

Vein visualization enhancement by dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology

Visual near-infrared imaging equipment has broad applications in various fields such as venipuncture,facial injections,and safety verification due to its noncontact,compact,and portable design.Currently,most studies utilize near-infrared single-wavelength for image acquisition of veins.However,many substances in the skin,including water,protein,and melanin can create significant background noise,which hinders accurate detection.In this paper,we developed a dual-wavelength imaging system with phase-locked denoising technology to acquire vein image.The signals in the effective region are compared by using the absorption valley and peak of hemoglobin at 700nm and 940nm,respectively.The phase-locked denoising algorithm is applied to decrease the noise and interference of complex surroundings from the images.The imaging results of the vein are successfully extracted in complex noise environment.It is demonstrated that the denoising effect on hand veins imaging can be improved with 57.3%by using our dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology.Consequently,this work proposes a novel approach for venous imaging with dual-wavelengths and phase-locked denoising algorithm to extract venous imaging results in complex noisy environment better.

Prediction of high-embankment settlement combining joint denoising technique and enhanced GWO-v-SVR method

Reliable long-term settlement prediction of a high embankment relates to mountain infrastructure safety.This study developed a novel hybrid model(NHM)that combines a joint denoising technique with an enhanced gray wolf optimizer(EGWO)-n-support vector regression(n-SVR)method.High-embankment field measurements were preprocessed using the joint denoising technique,which in-cludes complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition,singular value decomposition,and wavelet packet transform.Furthermore,high-embankment settlements were predicted using the EGWO-n-SVR method.In this method,the standard gray wolf optimizer(GWO)was improved to obtain the EGWO to better tune the n-SVR model hyperparameters.The proposed NHM was then tested in two case studies.Finally,the influences of the data division ratio and kernel function on the EGWO-n-SVR forecasting performance and prediction efficiency were investigated.The results indicate that the NHM suppresses noise and restores details in high-embankment field measurements.Simultaneously,the NHM out-performs other alternative prediction methods in prediction accuracy and robustness.This demonstrates that the proposed NHM is effective in predicting high-embankment settlements with noisy field mea-surements.Moreover,the appropriate data division ratio and kernel function for EGWO-n-SVR are 7:3 and radial basis function,respectively.

A deep learning framework for suppressing prestack seismic random noise without noise-free labels

Random noise attenuation is significant in seismic data processing.Supervised deep learning-based denoising methods have been widely developed and applied in recent years.In practice,it is often time-consuming and laborious to obtain noise-free data for supervised learning.Therefore,we propose a novel deep learning framework to denoise prestack seismic data without clean labels,which trains a high-resolution residual neural network(SRResnet)with noisy data for input and the same valid data with different noise for output.Since valid signals in noisy sample pairs are spatially correlated and random noise is spatially independent and unpredictable,the model can learn the features of valid data while suppressing random noise.Noisy data targets are generated by a simple conventional method without fine-tuning parameters.The initial estimates allow signal or noise leakage as the network does not require clean labels.The Monte Carlo strategy is applied to select training patches for increasing valid patches and expanding training datasets.Transfer learning is used to improve the generalization of real data processing.The synthetic and real data tests perform better than the commonly used state-of-the-art denoising methods.

Research and application of composite stochastic resonance in enhancement detection

Aiming at the problem that the intermediate potential part of the traditional bistable stochastic resonance model cannot be adjusted independently, a new composite stochastic resonance(NCSR) model is proposed by combining the Woods–Saxon(WS) model and the improved piecewise bistable model. The model retains the characteristics of the independent parameters of WS model and the improved piecewise model has no output saturation, all the parameters in the new model have no coupling characteristics. Under α stable noise environment, the new model is used to detect periodic signal and aperiodic signal, the detection results indicate that the new model has higher noise utilization and better detection effect.Finally, the new model is applied to image denoising, the results showed that under the same conditions, the output peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and the correlation number of NCSR method is higher than that of other commonly used linear denoising methods and improved piecewise SR methods, the effectiveness of the new model is verified.

A Tabletop Nano-CT Image Noise Reduction Network Based on 3-Dimensional Axial Attention Mechanism

Nano-computed tomography(Nano-CT)is an emerging,high-resolution imaging technique.However,due to their low-light properties,tabletop Nano-CT has to be scanned under long exposure conditions,which the scanning process is time-consuming.For 3D reconstruction data,this paper proposed a lightweight 3D noise reduction method for desktop-level Nano-CT called AAD-ResNet(Axial Attention DeNoise ResNet).The network is framed by theU-net structure.The encoder and decoder are incorporated with the proposed 3D axial attention mechanism and residual dense block.Each layer of the residual dense block can directly access the features of the previous layer,which reduces the redundancy of parameters and improves the efficiency of network training.The 3D axial attention mechanism enhances the correlation between 3D information in the training process and captures the long-distance dependence.It can improve the noise reduction effect and avoid the loss of image structure details.Experimental results show that the network can effectively improve the image quality of a 0.1-s exposure scan to a level close to a 3-s exposure,significantly shortening the sample scanning time.

A Second-Order Image Denoising Model for Contrast Preservation

In this work,we propose a second-order model for image denoising by employing a novel potential function recently developed in Zhu(J Sci Comput 88:46,2021)for the design of a regularization term.Due to this new second-order derivative based regularizer,the model is able to alleviate the staircase effect and preserve image contrast.The augmented Lagrangian method(ALM)is utilized to minimize the associated functional and convergence analysis is established for the proposed algorithm.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed model.

Image Processing for Denoising Using Composite Adaptive Filtering Methods Based on RMSE

As one of the carriers for human communication and interaction, images are prone to contamination by noise during transmission and reception, which is often uncontrollable and unknown. Therefore, how to denoise images contaminated by unknown noise has gradually become one of the research focuses. In order to achieve blind denoising and separation to restore images, this paper proposes a method for image processing based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by integrating multiple filtering methods for denoising. This method includes Wavelet Filtering, Gaussian Filtering, Median Filtering, Mean Filtering, Bilateral Filtering, Adaptive Bandpass Filtering, Non-local Means Filtering and Regularization Denoising suitable for different types of noise. We can apply this method to denoise images contaminated by blind noise sources and evaluate the denoising effects using RMSE. The smaller the RMSE, the better the denoising effect. The optimal denoising result is selected through comprehensively comparing the RMSE values of all methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively denoises and restores images contaminated by blind noise sources.

Research on Image Preprocessing Algorithm for Rail Surface Recognition

The rail surface status image is affected by the noise in the shooting environment and contains a large amount of interference information, which increases the difficulty of rail surface status identification. In order to solve this problem, a preprocessing method for the rail surface state image is proposed. The preprocessing process mainly includes image graying, image denoising, image geometric correction, image extraction, data amplification, and finally building the rail surface image database. The experimental results show that this method can efficiently complete image processing, facilitate feature extraction of rail surface status images, and improve rail surface status recognition accuracy.

BeFOI: A Novel Method Based on Conditional Diffusion Model for Medical Image Denoising

The progress in medical imaging technology highlights the importance of image quality for effective diagnosis and treatment.Yet,noise during capture and transmission can compromise image accuracy and reliability,complicating clinical decisions.The rising interest in diffusion models has led to their exploration of denoising images.We present Be-FOI(Better Fluoro Images),a weakly supervised model that uses cine images to denoise fluoroscopic images,both DR types.Trained through precise noise estimation and simulation,BeFOI employs Markov chains to denoise using only the fluoroscopic image as guidance.Our tests show that BeFOI outperforms other methods,reducing noise and enhancing clar-ity and diagnostic utility,making it an effective post-processing tool for medical images.

DFD-Net:lung cancer detection from denoised CT scan image using deep learning

The availability of pulmonary nodules in CT scan image of lung does not completely specify cancer.The noise in an image and morphology of nodules,like shape and size has an implicit and complex association with cancer,and thus,a careful analysis should be mandatory on every suspected nodules and the combination of information of every nodule.In this paper,we introduce a“denoising first”two-path convolutional neural network(DFD-Net)to address this complexity.The introduced model is composed of denoising and detection part in an end to end manner.First,a residual learning denoising model(DR-Net)is employed to remove noise during the preprocessing stage.Then,a two-path convolutional neural network which takes the denoised image by DR-Net as an input to detect lung cancer is employed.The two paths focus on the joint integration of local and global features.To this end,each path employs different receptive field size which aids to model local and global dependencies.To further polish our model performance,in different way from the conventional feature concatenation approaches which directly concatenate two sets of features from different CNN layers,we introduce discriminant correlation analysis to concatenate more representative features.Finally,we also propose a retraining technique that allows us to overcome difficulties associated to the image labels imbalance.We found that this type of model easily first reduce noise in an image,balances the receptive field size effect,affords more representative features,and easily adaptable to the inconsistency among nodule shape and size.Our intensive experimental results achieved competitive results.

Regularization by Multiple Dual Frames for Compressed Sensing Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Convergence Analysis

Plug-and-play priors are popular for solving illposed imaging inverse problems. Recent efforts indicate that the convergence guarantee of the imaging algorithms using plug-andplay priors relies on the assumption of bounded denoisers. However, the bounded properties of existing plugged Gaussian denoisers have not been proven explicitly. To bridge this gap, we detail a novel provable bounded denoiser termed as BMDual,which combines a trainable denoiser using dual tight frames and the well-known block-matching and 3D filtering(BM3D)denoiser. We incorporate multiple dual frames utilized by BMDual into a novel regularization model induced by a solver. The proposed regularization model is utilized for compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging(CSMRI). We theoretically show the bound of the BMDual denoiser, the bounded gradient of the CSMRI data-fidelity function, and further demonstrate that the proposed CSMRI algorithm converges. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a good convergence behavior, and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.