exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS do...exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS dollar 100 828.00Japanese yen 100 6.0291German mark 100 478.展开更多
The straight-line method in computing for depreciation expense is the prevailing method used in the Philippines. This paper aims to determine the rationale behind the use of this method. The objective of the study is ...The straight-line method in computing for depreciation expense is the prevailing method used in the Philippines. This paper aims to determine the rationale behind the use of this method. The objective of the study is to determine the length of time within which the depreciation method is used, reasons in using the method, the rate of depreciation used by the companies, and the effects of the depreciation expense on their operating expenses. It also determines if the companies＇ decisions to use the straight-line method are influenced by the factors mentioned by Reynolds （196 I）----expected amount of services over the life of assets, the amount and timing of operating costs, the decline in the physical efficiency of the assets, and the rate of return--and if they considered capital investments and tax reduction in using this method. The study shows that companies and educational institutions use the straight-line method of computing depreciation expenses, because it is easy to use in computing the depreciation expenses, in comparing with previous years＇ computations, and in keeping track of the expenses. It is also convenient for tax administration and financial reporting. The rate of depreciation used varies, because the companies and educational institutions use their past experiences in determining the life of fixed assets. The percentage of depreciation to the operating expenses also varies. The companies and educational institutions adhered to the factors mentioned by Reynolds （1961） in choosing the straight-line method of depreciation. The companies did not consider reduction of tax in using the straight-line method.展开更多
Like most developing countries, China has been adopting a multiple exchange rate regime in its attempt to maintain control and order while liberalizing transactions in the sphere of trade, non-trade and crossborder fu...Like most developing countries, China has been adopting a multiple exchange rate regime in its attempt to maintain control and order while liberalizing transactions in the sphere of trade, non-trade and crossborder fund flows. From a very rigid, highly centralized regime in 1979, China has by now advanced to a relatively flexible system under which the official rate, the swap rate, and the ＂free＂ market rate coexist. The tight control of international transfer of funds has also been progressively relaxed, as different parties gain increasing freedom to acquire foreign exchange. The Chinese economy has been reasonably stable during the Asian financial crisis. Although China maintains the exchange rate stability, in near future a real appreciation of the RMB must be necessary element in global adjustment. More flexible exchange rate will give more advantages for Chinese economy.展开更多
文摘exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS dollar 100 828.00Japanese yen 100 6.0291German mark 100 478.
文摘The straight-line method in computing for depreciation expense is the prevailing method used in the Philippines. This paper aims to determine the rationale behind the use of this method. The objective of the study is to determine the length of time within which the depreciation method is used, reasons in using the method, the rate of depreciation used by the companies, and the effects of the depreciation expense on their operating expenses. It also determines if the companies＇ decisions to use the straight-line method are influenced by the factors mentioned by Reynolds （196 I）----expected amount of services over the life of assets, the amount and timing of operating costs, the decline in the physical efficiency of the assets, and the rate of return--and if they considered capital investments and tax reduction in using this method. The study shows that companies and educational institutions use the straight-line method of computing depreciation expenses, because it is easy to use in computing the depreciation expenses, in comparing with previous years＇ computations, and in keeping track of the expenses. It is also convenient for tax administration and financial reporting. The rate of depreciation used varies, because the companies and educational institutions use their past experiences in determining the life of fixed assets. The percentage of depreciation to the operating expenses also varies. The companies and educational institutions adhered to the factors mentioned by Reynolds （1961） in choosing the straight-line method of depreciation. The companies did not consider reduction of tax in using the straight-line method.
文摘Like most developing countries, China has been adopting a multiple exchange rate regime in its attempt to maintain control and order while liberalizing transactions in the sphere of trade, non-trade and crossborder fund flows. From a very rigid, highly centralized regime in 1979, China has by now advanced to a relatively flexible system under which the official rate, the swap rate, and the ＂free＂ market rate coexist. The tight control of international transfer of funds has also been progressively relaxed, as different parties gain increasing freedom to acquire foreign exchange. The Chinese economy has been reasonably stable during the Asian financial crisis. Although China maintains the exchange rate stability, in near future a real appreciation of the RMB must be necessary element in global adjustment. More flexible exchange rate will give more advantages for Chinese economy.
