Theoretical Analysis of Retrieving Atmospheric Columnar Mie Optical Depth from Downward Total Solar Radiative Flux

In this paper, the principle to determine the atmospheric columnar Mie optical depth from downward total solar radiative flux is theoretically studied, and the effect on Mie optical depth solution of the errors in surface albedo, sin-gle scattering albedo, asymmetrical factor of scattering phase function, instrumental constant and the approximate expression of diffusion flux is analy/ed, and then a method for determining surface albedo in shorter wavelength range is presented.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DEPTH OF NEEDLE-INSERTION

In the present paper, the author sums up and analyzes descriptions about needle-insertion depth in Chinese classical medical book Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic). In many chapters of Nei Jing, the needle-insertion depth is stressed to be various according to 1) the deficiency or excess of syndromes, 2) the patients’ constitution, 3) the severity of disease, 4) the duration of disease, 5) the location of disease, 6) the patient’s age, 7) the location of the needled acupoint, 8) the season, 9) the patient’s temperament, 10) the pulse condition, 11) the state of “Deqi”, and 12) the location of the running course of meridians. In addition, different kinds of diseases and different stages of diseases also need different depths of needle insertion, different manipulating skills and different stimulating quantity.

Deep Learning-Based Mask Identification System Using ResNet Transfer Learning Architecture

Recently,the coronavirus disease 2019 has shown excellent attention in the global community regarding health and the economy.World Health Organization(WHO)and many others advised controlling Corona Virus Disease in 2019.The limited treatment resources,medical resources,and unawareness of immunity is an essential horizon to unfold.Among all resources,wearing a mask is the primary non-pharmaceutical intervention to stop the spreading of the virus caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)droplets.All countries made masks mandatory to prevent infection.For such enforcement,automatic and effective face detection systems are crucial.This study presents a face mask identification approach for static photos and real-time movies that distinguishes between images with and without masks.To contribute to society,we worked on mask detection of an individual to adhere to the rule and provide awareness to the public or organization.The paper aims to get detection accuracy using transfer learning from Residual Neural Network 50(ResNet-50)architecture and works on detection localization.The experiment is tested with other popular pre-trained models such as Deep Convolutional Neural Networks(AlexNet),Residual Neural Networks(ResNet),and Visual Geometry Group Networks(VGG-Net)advanced architecture.The proposed system generates an accuracy of 98.4%when modeled using Residual Neural Network 50(ResNet-50).Also,the precision and recall values are proved as better when compared to the existing models.This outstanding work also can be used in video surveillance applications.

Artificial Hybrid Solid Electrolyte-Mediated Ca Metal for Ultradurable Room Temperature 5 V Calcium Batteries

The anodic stability and reversibility of Ca metal electrodeposition/dissolution have always been hampered by surface passivation and anion corrosion,especially in F-based carbonate ester electrolytes at high device voltages.To avoid direct Ca metal/electrolyte reactions,an artificial hybrid solid electrolyte layer(AHSEL),which is characteristic of sodium/calcium carbonate and calcium hydride nitride nanocrystals of size<10 nm encapsulated by amorphous C,N species,is constructed on calcium with good ion conductivity(≈0.01 mS cm^(-1))and uniform coating of thickness≈20μm.After cycling in the KPF_(6) electrolyte,AHSEL is transformed into Na/K/Ca hybrid solid electrolyte interphases(SEIs),which is a compact layer composed of monodisperse nanocrystals(mostly Ca_(2)NH)and small amorphous zones,thus greatly suppressing the fluoridation of the Ca deposit.Consequently,the plating/stripping performance of AHSEL-modified Ca(AHSEL-Ca)is markedly improved compared with that of pristine Ca,lasting for>1400 h at a polarization shift of<0.4 mV/h.The AHSEL-Ca anode also endows Ca batteries with superior anodic stability with a ceiling voltage of up to 5.0 V,a high discharge voltage(>3.3 V),a large capacity of≈80 mAh g^(-1)at 200 mA g^(-1),and an ultralong lifespan≈5000 cycles.

Profile of Absolute Light Utilization Efficiency Within Leaves of Euonymus japonicus

Absolute light utilization efficiency across leaf section of Euonymus japonicus T. was calculated based on the measurements of photoacoustic technique (PA technique) and microscopic fiber optic probe. This new method was based on the principal of depth analysis by PA technique and the differential analysis of light gradients across leaf section by micro-optical probe technique. The depth analysis was shown by a sample of PA scan light absorption spectra. Results showed that the tissue layers between palisade tissue and spongy tissue used the smallest proportion of incident light energy for photochemical reactions (about 0.026% incident light energy of 660 nm light), while in tissue layer more close to the adaxial surface of leaf or the abaxial surface of leaf, the efficiency of utilization of light energy tended to be improved, e. g. 0.092% for tissue layers close to adaxial surface; 0.036% for tissue layers close to abaxial surface. The results that different leaf tissue layers utilized different proportion of incident light energy for photochemical reaction directly prove the hypothesis put forward by Han and Vogelmann.

Chemical Coupled PEDOT:PSS/Si Electrode: Suppressed Electrolyte Consumption Enables Long‑Term Stability

Huge volume changes of Si during lithiation/delithiation lead to regeneration of solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)and consume electrolyte.In this article,γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane(GOPS)was incorporated in Si/PEDOT:PSS electrodes to construct a flexible and conductive artificial SEI,effectively suppressing the consumption of electrolyte.The optimized electrode can maintain 1000 mAh g^−1 for nearly 800 cycles under limited electrolyte compared with 40 cycles of the electrodes without GOPS.Also,the optimized electrode exhibits excellent rate capability.The use of GOPS greatly improves the interface compatibility between Si and PEDOT:PSS.XPS Ar+etching depth analysis proved that the addition of GOPS is conducive to forming a more stable SEI.A full battery assembled with NCM 523 cathode delivers a high energy density of 520 Wh kg^−1,offering good stability.

Insights into the deep-tissue photothermal therapy in near-infrared II region based on tumor-targeted MoO2 nanoaggregates

Research on deep-tissue photothermal therapy(PTT)in the near-infrared II(NIR-II,1000–1350 nm)region has bloomed in recent years,owing to higher maximum permissible exposure and deeper tissue penetration over that in the near-infrared I(NIR-I,650–950 nm)region.However,more details need to be uncovered to facilitate a fundamental understanding of NIR-ⅡPTT.Herein,a tumor-targeted therapeutic nanosystem based on NIR-responsive molybdenum oxide(MoO2)nanoaggregates was fabricated.The photothermal conversion capabilities of MoO2 in the NIR-I andⅡregions were investigated step by step,from a simple tissue phantom to a three-dimensional cellular system,and further to a tumor-bearing animal model.NIR-Ⅱlaser exhibited a lower photothermal attenuation coefficient(0.541 at1064 nm)in a tissue phantom compared with its counterpart(0.959 at 808 nm),which allows it to be more capable of deeptissue PTT in vitro and in vivo.Depth profile analysis elucidated a negative correlation between the microstructural collapse of tumor tissue and the penetration depth.Moreover,the depth-related tumor ablation was also studied by Raman fingerprint analysis,which demonstrated the major biochemical compositional disturbances in photothermal ablated tumor tissues,providing fundamental knowledge to NIR-Ⅱdeeptissue photothermal therapy.