Constructive Theory of Designing Optimal Eighth-Order Derivative-Free Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations

This paper stresses the theoretical nature of constructing the optimal derivative-free iterations. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for derivative-free three-point iterations with the eighth-order of convergence. We also establish the connection of derivative-free and derivative presence three-point iterations. The use of the sufficient convergence conditions allows us to design wide class of optimal derivative-free iterations. The proposed family of iterations includes not only existing methods but also new methods with a higher order of convergence.

LIMITED MEMORY BFGS METHOD BY USING LINEAR INDEPENDENT SEARCH DIRECTIONS

The degree of numerical linear independence is proposed and discussed. Based on this linear independence theory, a modified limited memory BFGS method is deve loped. Similar to the standard limited memory method, this new method determines the new update by applying the updating formula m times to an initial positive diagonal matrix using the m previous pairs of the change in iteration and gradient. Besides the most recent pair of the change, which guarantees the quadratic termination, the choice of the other ( m -1) pairs of the change in the new method is dependent on the degree of numerical linear independence of previous search directions. In addition, the numerical linear independence theory is further discussed and the computation of the degree of linear independence is simplified. Theoretical and numerical results show that this new modified method improves efficiently the standard limited memory method.

An Improved Charge Pumping Method to Study Distribution of Trapped Charges in SONOS Memory

In silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon （SONOS） memory and other charge trapping memories, the charge distribution after programming operation has great impact on the devic＇s characteristics,such as reading,programming/erasing, and reliability. The lateral distribution of injected charges can be measured precisely using the charge pumping method. To improve the precision of the actual measurement, a combination of a constant low voltage method and a constant high voltage method is introduced during the charge pumping testing of the drain side and the source side, respectively. Finally, the electron distribution after channel hot electron programming in SONOS memory is obtained,which is close to the drain side with a width of about 50nm.

GLOBAL CONVERGENCE RESULTS OF A THREE TERM MEMORY GRADIENT METHOD WITH A NON-MONOTONE LINE SEARCH TECHNIQUE

In this paper, a new class of three term memory gradient method with non-monotone line search technique for unconstrained optimization is presented. Global convergence properties of the new methods are discussed. Combining the quasi-Newton method with the new method, the former is modified to have global convergence property. Numerical results show that the new algorithm is efficient.

A LIMITED MEMORY QUASI-NEWTON METHOD FOR LARGE SCALE PROBLEM

We study how to use the SR1 update to realize minimization methods for problems where the storage is critical. We give an update formula which generates matrices using information from the last m iterations. The numerical tests show that the method is efficent.

Simulation of isothermal precision extrusion of NiTi shape memory alloy pipe coupling by combining finite element method with cellular automaton

In order to present the microstructures of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) in different deformation zones of hot extruded NiTi shape memory alloy(SMA) pipe coupling,a simulation approach combining finite element method(FEM) with cellular automaton(CA) was developed and the relationship between the macroscopic field variables and the microscopic internal variables was established.The results show that there exists a great distinction among the microstructures in different zones of pipe coupling because deformation histories of these regions are diverse.Large plastic deformation may result in fine recrystallized grains,whereas the recrystallized grains may grow very substantially if there is a rigid translation during the deformation,even if the final plastic strain is very large.As a consequence,the deformation history has a significant influence on the evolution path of the DRX as well as the final microstructures of the DRX,including the morphology,the mean grain size and the recrystallization fraction.

Prediction of grain scale plasticity of NiTi shape memory alloy based on crystal plasticity finite element method

Grain scale plasticity of NiTi shape memory alloy(SMA)during uniaxial compression deformation at 400℃was investigated through two-dimensional crystal plasticity finite element simulation and corresponding analysis based on the obtained orientation data.Stress and strain distributions of the deformed NiTi SMA samples confirm that there exhibits a heterogeneous plastic deformation at grain scale.Statistically stored dislocation(SSD)density and geometrically necessary dislocation(GND)density were further used in order to illuminate the microstructure evolution during uniaxial compression.SSD is responsible for sustaining plastic deformation and it increases along with the increase of plastic strain.GND plays an important role in accommodating compatible deformation between individual grains and thus it is correlated with the misorientation between neighboring grains,namely,a high GND density corresponds to large misorientation between grains and a low GND density corresponds to small misorientation between grains.

Feasibility Research on Fatigue Damage Evaluation Based on Magnetic Memory Method

To confirm whether Magnetic Memory Method can be used to evaluate the fatigue damage of ferromagnetic part or not,this paper stated the principle of magnetic memory method.Also, the relationship between testing parameter of magnetic memory method and fatigue damage was analyzed based on the experiment. The results show that magnetic memory method can be used to evaluate the fatigue damage represented by stress concentration. However, the relationship between the parameter of magnetic memory method and fatigue damage still needs to be studied.

The Model of Asynchronous Parallel Nonlinear Multisplitting Method on Shared Memory System

Nonlinear multisplitting method is known as parallel iterative methods for solving a large-scale system of nonlinear equations F(x) = 0. We extend the idea of nonlinear multisplitting and consider a new model ill which the iteration is executed asynchronously: Each processor calculate the solution of an individual nonlinear system belong to its nonlinear multisplitting and can update the global approximation residing in the shared memory at any time. A local convergence analysis of this model is presented. Finally, we give a uumerical example which shows a 'strange' property that speedup Sp > p and efficiency Ep > 1.

MEMORY-EFFICIENT PATH METRIC UPDATE METHOD IN MAP DECODER IMPLEMENTATION

A novel memory efficient path metric update is proposed for Maximum A Posteriori(MAP) decoder of turbo codes to reduce the memory requirement of state metric information calcu-lation. For MAP decoder,the same memory can be shared by the forward and backward metrics with this metric update scheme. The forward and backward metrics update can be performed at the same time. And all of the extrinsic information can be calculated at the end of metric update. Therefore,the latency and area in the implementation will be reduced with the proposed metric update method.

Set Programming Method and Performance Improvement of Phase Change Random Access Memory Arrays

A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by different set programming strategies based on this new set pulse. The amplitude difference （I1 - I2） of the set pulse is proved to be a crucial parameter for set programming. We observe and analyze the cell characteristics with different I1 - I2 by means of thermal simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that an incomplete set programming will occur when the proposed slow-down pulse is set with an improperly high I1 - I2. This will lead to an amorphous residue in the active region. We also discuss the programming method to avoid the set performance degradations.

Quantitative Detection of Corrosion State of Concrete Internal Reinforcement Based on Metal Magnetic Memory

Corrosion can be very harmful to the service life and several properties of reinforced concrete structures.The metal magnetic memory(MMM)method,as a newly developed spontaneous magnetic flux leakage(SMFL)non-destructive testing(NDT)technique,is considered a potentially viable method for detecting corrosion damage in reinforced concrete members.To this end,in this paper,the indoor electrochemical method was employed to accelerate the corrosion of outsourced concrete specimens with different steel bar diameters,and the normal components Bz and its gradient of the SMFL fields on the specimen surfaces were investigated based on the metal magnetic memory(MMM)method.The experimental results showed that the SMFL experimental Bz curves are consistent with the analytical results of the theoretical model.Furthermore,the crest-to-trough behavior on the Bz signal curve and its zero-point gradient spacing can more accurately indicate the corroded area’s extent.Then,a magnetic characteristic parameter W based on a large amount of experimental data was established to characterize the degree of corrosion of the steel bars.The magnetic characteristic parameter W is linearly related to the maximum cross-sectional area loss rate
of the corroded reinforcement.This paper will lay the foundation for future research on corrosion detection of reinforced concrete structures based on the MMM method and provide a feasible way for non-destructive detection of corrosion independent of the influence of reinforcement diameter and magnetization history.

基于改进Croston方法的多需求模式零备件预测

维修备件管理是提高产线可靠性、实现降本增效的关键。针对具备间歇性与随机性特征的维修备件需求预测问题,提出了基于改进Croston方法的备件需求预测模型。依据Syntetos准则基于间断性与波动性特征将备件需求划分为4类。针对含有波动性特征的需求,基于Croston方法主要思想将备件需求预测分解为需求发生状态预测和需求量预测两类问题,设计了集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)-长短期记忆网络集成(long short-term memory,LSTM)预测模型。EEMD方法将剧烈波动序列分解为若干相对平稳的分量,进而采用LSTM方法对各分量进行预测。针对含有间断性特征的需求,引入信号处理技术中的信号调制技术,将需求发生状态0-1二值序列进行连续化处理。所提方法解决了备件需求波动性强、间断性大的难题,已应用于湖北中烟武汉卷烟厂,证明了方法的优越性与可行性。

基于数据驱动的动车组镍镉电池记忆效应消除策略研究

在碱性镍镉蓄电池长期未彻底充放电的情况下,蓄电池会产生次级放电平台,称为“记忆效应”。该效应会导致电池可释放容量降低,需要定期消除。在动车组蓄电池检修中,传统的“记忆效应”消除方法耗时过长,会对检修工作带来很大压力。为了降低储能检修成本,对动车组镍镉电池“记忆效应”消除策略优化方案开展研究。以实际动车组三级修镍镉蓄电池电池为研究对象,通过分析电池的充放电循环中的参数特征,结合大量的电池充放电实验,提取出与电池容量密切相关的特征数据。首先,通过特征筛选和降维组合,搭建线性模型和非线性模型的交叉加权耦合方法,创建近似模型以反映电池的真实可释放容量,消除镍镉电池不一致性对优化方案实验设计带来的系统误差。其次,在此基础上,通过调整影响电池状态的高影响因子变量,构建正交实验方案。研究动车组镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”快速、安全的消除策略。最后,通过重复验证实验和安全性检测实验对该策略进行实证,研究结果表明,提出的镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”消除策略能够有效恢复镍镉电池真实容量,并且能够极大地缩减时间成本(约44.15%),并且有利于缓解蓄电池因过充导致电池劣化现象。该消除方案对于提升动车组镍镉电池的维护效率及确保其安全性具有重要意义。

基于循环神经网络的工程专业语义智能分析方法研究

针对传统翻译方法学习能力差、翻译质量较低的问题,提出了一种基于循环神经网络的专业英语机器翻译方法。该方法以编码器-解码器为模型框架,利用改进的循环卷积神经网络对输入数据加以训练。同时编码器使用多头注意力机制对输入数据进行共同训练,进而使算法兼具局部与全局特性。解码器单层则采用三子层结构,分别为多头注意力子层、上下文信息子层及全连接子层,可保证句子翻译的流畅性。在实验测试中,所提算法的BLEU值与其他算法相比提升了2.7;而在专业语料翻译测试中,相较于网络翻译,该算法的准确性和流畅度均更优,由此表明其性能较好,具有一定的工程应用价值。

首次透析前终末期肾病患者脑灰质体积减小可为认知功能提供影像学标记

目的通过基于体素的形态学测量方法,系统分析首次透析前终末期肾病(ESRD)患者的脑灰质体积变化,探讨这些变化与整体认知功能、执行功能及工作记忆功能之间的相关性。方法纳入2022年2月~2024年1月在本院就诊的拟行血液透析治疗的ESRD患者62例及及同期健康对照者37例,分别进行高分辨3D T1结构成像、神经心理学测试(包括整体认知功能、执行功能及工作记忆任务),采用基于体素的形态学测量方法分析两组的脑灰质体积差异,并在回归性别、年龄及受教育程度后对差异脑区灰质体积与量表结果进行Pearson相关分析。结果与健康对照组比较,ESRD组左侧中央后回、双侧颞上回、双侧中央前回、右侧颞极颞中回、左侧直回、左侧中扣带回、双侧眶部额上回、左侧颞中回、双侧海马、左侧梭状回灰质体积显著减小(P<0.001,FWE校正);ESRD组患者左侧中央后回、左侧中央前回、左侧直回、左侧中扣带回、左侧眶部额上回、左侧颞中回、左侧颞上回及左侧海马体积与蒙特利尔认知量表评分呈正相关(P<0.05);右侧颞极颞中回、左侧中扣带回、左侧梭状回及左侧颞上回体积与连线测试-A评分呈负相关(P<0.05);左侧直回及左侧眶部额上回与2-back反应时结果呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论ESRD患者存在普遍脑灰质体积减小,且与整体认知功能、执行功能及工作记忆功能密切相关,可为观察ESRD患者认知功能障碍提供影像学标记。

Long memory of price-volume correlation in metal futures market based on fractal features

An empirical test on long memory between price and trading volume of China metals futures market was given with MF-DCCA method. The empirical results show that long memory feature with a certain period exists in price-volume correlation and a fittther proof was given by analyzing the source of multifractal feature. The empirical results suggest that it is of important practical significance to bring the fractal market theory and other nonlinear theory into the analysis and explanation of the behavior in metal futures market.

Equal channel angular extrusion of NiTi shape memory alloy tube

As a new attempt, equal channel angular extrusion （ECAE） of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy （NiTi SMA） tube was investigated by means of process experiment, finite element method （FEM） and microscopy. NiTi SMA tube with the steel core in it was inserted into the steel can during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. Based on rigid-viscoplastic FEM, multiple coupled boundary conditions and multiple constitutive models were used for finite element simulation of ECAE of NiTi SMA tube, where the effective stress field, the effective strain field and the velocity field were obtained. Finite element simulation results are in good accordance with the experimental ones. Finite element simulation results reveal that the velocity field shows the minimum value in the corner of NiTi SMA tube, where severe shear deformation occurs. Microstructural observation results reveal that severe plastic deformation leads to a certain grain orientation as well as occurrence of substructures in the grain interior and dynamic recovery occurs during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. ECAE of NiTi SMA tube provides a new approach to manufacturing ultrafine-grained NiTi SMA tube.

Finite element simulation of ball spinning of NiTi shape memory alloy tube based on variable temperature field

As a new attempt,ball spinning was used to manufacture the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA） tube at elevated temperature.The NiTi bar with a nominal composition of Ni50.9Ti49.1（mole fraction,%） was solution treated and was used as the original tube blank for ball spinning.Based on the variable temperature field and the constitutive equation,rigid-viscoplastic finite element method（FEM） was applied in order to simulate the ball spinning of NiTi SMA tube.The temperature field,the stress field,the strain field and the load prediction were obtained by means of FEM.FEM results reveal that there is a temperature increase of about 160 ℃ in the principal deformation zone of the spun part.It can be found from the stress fields and the strain fields that the outer wall of NiTi SMA tube is easier to meet the plastic yield criterion than the inner wall,and the plastic deformation zone is caused to be in a three-dimensional compressive stress state.The radial strain and the tangential strain are characterized by the compressive strain,while the axial strain belongs to the tensile strain.The variation of spinning loads with the progression of the ball is of great importance in predicting the stable flow of the spun part.

基于SSA−LSTM的转炉炼钢终点锰含量预测

锰是钢铁中重要的合金元素,加入适量锰元素能提高钢铁的性能.在转炉炼钢过程中锰元素的含量直接影响钢铁质量,锰元素加入过少会导致钢铁产品的硬度和强度不足,锰元素加入过量会导致钢铁过脆和生产成本增加.因此,合适的锰元素添加量对提升钢铁质量与减少冶炼成本具有重要意义.转炉炼钢过程中锰元素的添加量主要通过终点锰预测的结果来确定,然而,终点锰含量多少受到多个因素的综合影响,其中包括氧化反应进程和合金中其他元素的添加量,影响因素呈现非线性、高耦合的特征,导致终点锰预测难度大.针对转炉炼钢终点锰预测过程中数据有含噪声、强耦合性等问题,提出了一个转炉炼钢终点锰含量预测研究架构,基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short-term memory,LSTM)预测模型,引入奇异谱分析(Singular spectral analysis,SSA)方法去除终点锰预测过程中非线性、非平稳序列的高频噪声,提出了一种基于SSA−LSTM的终点锰含量预测方法.利用河北敬业钢铁有限公司转炉炼钢生产数据验证所提预测方法的平均绝对误差为1.19%,均方根误差为1.48%.结果表明,该方法能够解决数据存在较多噪声及非线性等问题;与已有的时间序列预测方法相比,经过SSA处理的预测误差均有所减小,证明了该方法的有效性,为实际生产过程中精准加入合金提供了依据.