Research on Energy Efficiency Design Index for Sea-going LNG Carriers

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.

Development of an Energy Efficiency Design Index for Inland Vessels of Bangladesh

More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland waterway ships remain nonexistent.This paper attempts to assess the present situation of inland class vessels in terms of Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI).With the use of a developed database of inland vessels in Bangladesh,EEDI reference lines for different types of inland vessels in Bangladesh were established and then compared with those of other countries.The present EEDI of existing inland vessels was investigated.Results indicate that most of the existing vessels do not meet the current EEDI baseline.Hence,new guidelines are necessary to achieve EEDI compliance in the near future.Some recommendations were proposed for improving CO2 emissions,with the socioeconomic and technical factors in Bangladesh taken into consideration.

Design of High Efficiency DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Solar Home Applications

The solar energy conversion system is very interesting alternative on supplement the electric system generation, due to the persistent cost reduction of the overall system and cleaner power generation. To obtain a stable voltage from an input supply （PV cells） that is higher and lower than the output, a high efficiency and minimum ripple DC-DC converter required in the system for residential power production. Buck-boost converters make it possible to efficiently convert a DC voltage to either a lower or higher voltages. Buck-boost converters are especially useful for PV maximum power tracking purposes, where the objective is to draw maximum possible power from solar panels at all times, regardless of the load. This paper analyzes and describes step by step the process of designing, and simulation of high efficiency low ripple voltage buck-boost DC-DC converter for the photovoltaic solar conversion system applicable to a （typical） single family home based on battery-based systems. The input voltage can typically change from （20 V） initially, down to （5 V）, and provide a regulated voltage within the range of the battery （12 V）. PLECS simulation results provide strong evidences about the high efficiency, minimum ripple voltage, high accuracy, and the usefulness of the system of the proposed converter when applied to either residential or solar home applications.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY:DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDINGS

Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities.A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building’s appetite for energy.Therefore,this paper aims to determine the design strategies that help a high-rise office building to be more energy efficient.For this purpose,a comparative study on twelve case buildings in three climate groups(temperate,sub-tropical&tropical)was performed.The exterior envelope,building form and orientation,service core placement,plan layout,and special design elements like atria and sky gardens were the subject of investigation.effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the cooling,heating,ventilation and electric lighting energy usage.Finally,lessons from these buildings’were defined for the three climates.Furthermore,a compari-son of building energy performance data with international benchmarks confirmed that in temperate and sub-tropical climates sustainable design strategies for high-rise buildings were performing well,as a result leading to lower energy consump-tion.However,for the tropics the design of high-rise buildings needs additional consideration.

Some Construction Methods of Optimum Chemical Balance Weighing Designs III

Methods of constructing the optimum chemical balance weighing designs from symmetric balanced incomplete block designs are proposed with illustration. As a by-product pairwise efficiency and variance balanced designs are also obtained.

Dynamic Power Dissipation Control Method for Real-Time Processors Based on Hardware Multithreading

In order to eliminate the energy waste caused by the traditional static hardware multithreaded processor used in real-time embedded system working in the low workload situation, the energy efficiency of the hardware multithread is discussed and a novel dynamic multithreaded architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture saves the energy wasted by removing idle threads without manipulation on the original architecture, fulfills a seamless switching mechanism which protects active threads and avoids pipeline stall during power mode switching. The report of an implemented dynamic multithreaded processor with 45 nm process from synthesis tool indicates that the area of dynamic multithreaded architecture is only 2.27% higher than the static one in achieving dynamic power dissipation, and consumes 1.3% more power in the same peak performance.

Design of a barcode-like waveguide nanostructure for efficient chip-fiber coupling

A barcode-like waveguide nanostructure with discretized multilevel pixel lines is designed and optimized by a nonlinear search algorithm. We obtain the design of a one-dimensional multilevel nanostructure with-1.04 d B efficiency for surface normal coupling to a standard single-mode fiber. Another design is achieved from the automatic optimization process, which enables polarization-independent coupling to a single-mode fiber. The optimum coupling efficiency is simulated to be-2.83 dB for TE and-3.49 for TM polarization centered near the 1550 nm wavelength. Polarization-dependent loss of less than 1 dB over 45.3 nm is achieved.

Efficient Design of Multi-stage Cascade Waveband Separator

We propose a cascade system of filters for realizing a non-uniform waveband separation for optical networks. The use of such separation is required at the DEMUX stage in a optical OXC switching wavebands. The design of the system is based on optimized balanced tree, which minimizes the overall optical loss.

An efficient method for designing variable digital filters

The digital filters with adjustable frequency-domain characteristics are called variable filters. Variable filters are useful in the applications where their characteristics are required to be changeable during the course of signal processing. Generally speaking, the variable frequency responses of a variable filters are the functions of a set of spectral parameters defining the desired frequencyUomain characteristics. In this paper, we first sample the given variable maghtode specifications and use them to construct a multi-dimensional (M - D) specification array, then propose an outer product expansion method for expanding it as the sum of the outer products of vectors. Using the outer product expansion, we can simplify the difficult problem of desighng a variable filter as the easy one that only needs constant 1 - D filter designs and 1 - D polynoIhal approximations. The method can obtain variable filters having arbitrary desired variable magnitude characteristics with a high design acctiracy.

CeO2@NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays on carbon textiles as high performance cathode for Li-O2 batteries

The successful development of Li-O_2 battery technology depends on developing a stable and efficient cathode. As an important step toward this goal, for the first time, we report the development of CeO_2 nanoparticles modified NiCo_2O_4 nanowire arrays(NWAs) grown on the carbon textiles as a new carbon-free and binder-free cathode system. In this study, the Li-O_2 battery with the CeO_2@NiCo_2O_4 NWAs has exhibited much reduced overpotentials, a high discharge capacity, an improved cycling stability,outperforming the Li-O_2 battery with NiCo_2O_4 NWAs. These improvements can be attributed to both the tailored morphology of discharge product and improved oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) activity after CeO_2 NPs deposition. To a considerable extent, this idea of cathode construction including structure design and composition optimization can provide guidance for further researches in developing more powerful cathode for Li-O_2 battery.

D-A structural protean small molecule donor materials for solution-processed organic solar cells

Under the synergistic effect of molecular design and devices engineering, small molecular organic solar cells have presented an unstoppable tendency for rapid development with putting forward donor- acceptor （D-A） structures. Up to now, the highest power conversion efficiency of small molecules has exceeded 11%, comparable to that of polymers. In this review, we summarize the high performance small molecule donors in various classes of typical donor-acceptor （D-A） structures and discuss their relationships briefly.

Systematic development of biomass overproducing Scheffersomyces stipitis for high-cell-density fermentations

The development of economically feasible bio-based process requires efficient cell factories capable of producing the desired product at high titer under high-cell-density fermentation.Herein we present a combinatorial approach based on systems metabolic engineering and metabolic evolution for the development of efficient biomass-producing strain.Systems metabolic engineering guided by flux balance analysis(FBA)was first employed to rationally design mutant strains of Scheffersomyces stipitis with high biomass yield.By experimentally implementing these mutations,the biomass yield was improved by 30%in GPD1,25%in TKL1,30%in CIT1,and 44%in ZWF1 overexpressed mutants compared to wild-type.These designed mutants were further fine-tuned through metabolic evolution resulting in the maximal biomass yield of 0.49 g-cdw/g-glucose,whichmatcheswell with predicted yield phenotype.The constructed mutants are beneficial for biotechnology applications dealing with high cell titer cultivations.This work demonstrates a solid confirmation of systems metabolic engineering in combination with metabolic evolution approach for efficient strain development,which could assist in rapid optimization of cell factory for an economically viable and sustainable bio-based process.