In order to realize the parametric design of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism,according to the necessary parameters of weft insertion process,ideal kinematic curves of the weft insertion mechanism were given...In order to realize the parametric design of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism,according to the necessary parameters of weft insertion process,ideal kinematic curves of the weft insertion mechanism were given,and the mathematical model of reverse solution for this mechanism was established.The parameters of this mechanism were obtained by reverse solution on the basis of the given ideal kinematic curves and kinematic requirements.The parametric design platform which was integrated with the functions of parametric reverse solution,motion simulation,three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembly was developed based on VB.NET and Unigraphics(UG) NX.After entering the technological parameters of weft insertion process and essential structural parameters by users,three-dimensional drawing of the main parts such as the conjugate cam and shaft,can be obtained by this platform,also the processing data of the cam can be calculated.This platform provides a rapid approach for parametric design of weft insertion mechanism.展开更多
Teaching legal English for law students in China is difficult.For one thing,many Chinese law students have trouble moreor less in learning English,because the English language is not their mother tongue.For another,le...Teaching legal English for law students in China is difficult.For one thing,many Chinese law students have trouble moreor less in learning English,because the English language is not their mother tongue.For another,legal English differs a great dealfrom everyday English in many respects,including terminology,phrasing,linguistic structure,and linguistic conventions,whichmakes legal English teaching for law students in China by far harder.To solve difficulties undermining teaching legal English forlaw students in China,the author of this paper holds that in his or her actual legal English teaching,the teacher should boost lawstudents basic English teaching,expose them to cases study of specialized legal English terminology and linguistic structures andconventions.展开更多
As coal is the most important primary energy in China, SO2 , the main pollutant of coal-fired power plantsseriously pollutes the environment in the course of energy utilization and conversion. Flue gas desulphurizatio...As coal is the most important primary energy in China, SO2 , the main pollutant of coal-fired power plantsseriously pollutes the environment in the course of energy utilization and conversion. Flue gas desulphurization is inevitable in China, however, it is rather difficult to reach the stipulated standards without any compulsory administrative measures of the government. What are the exact difficulties and solutions for the desulphurization in power plants?展开更多
A persistent challenge for Oman's energy infrastructure was the deafening rumble of diesel generators. The Silent Generator Project addressed this challenge, developing advanced generators that deliver power quiet...A persistent challenge for Oman's energy infrastructure was the deafening rumble of diesel generators. The Silent Generator Project addressed this challenge, developing advanced generators that deliver power quietly and efficiently. Diesel generators have historically been notorious for being noisy and vibrational, making them unsuitable for sensitive environments. To dramatically reduce noise levels, the project utilized innovative materials and design modifications to ensure reliable and quiet electricity for various applications. In all directions, the project advanced the knowledge of noise reduction through rigorous testing and meticulous integration of insulators and mufflers. As a result, quieter, more sustainable energy production is on the way, marking a major advance in silent generator technology. Furthermore, the Silent Generator Project lays the foundation for more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel generator technologies in the future. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is established, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation. Additionally, this work also suggests future diesel generator technologies that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is set, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation.展开更多
The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin(BSA),e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell(FDC) solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design(QbD)approach.Traditional...The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin(BSA),e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell(FDC) solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design(QbD)approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors(acetonitrile(%).formic acid(%) and boiling time(min)) were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability(D) approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.展开更多
Inspired by the driving muscles of the human arm,a 4-Degree of Freedom(DOF)concentrated driving humanoid robotic arm is proposed based on a spatial double parallel four-bar mechanism.The four-bar mechanism design redu...Inspired by the driving muscles of the human arm,a 4-Degree of Freedom(DOF)concentrated driving humanoid robotic arm is proposed based on a spatial double parallel four-bar mechanism.The four-bar mechanism design reduces the inertia of the elbow-driving unit and the torque by 76.65%and 57.81%,respectively.Mimicking the human pose regulation strategy that the human arm picks up a heavy object by adjusting its posture naturally without complicated control,the robotic arm features an integrated position-level closed-form inverse solution method considering both geometric and load capacity limitations.This method consists of a geometric constraint model incorporating the arm angle(φ)and the Global Configuration(GC)to avoid joint limits and singularities,and a load capacity model to constrain the feasible domain of the arm angle.Further,trajectory tracking simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed inverse solution method.The simulated maximum output torque,maximum output power and total energy consumption of the robotic arm are reduced by up to 2.0%,13.3%,and 33.3%,respectively.The experimental results demonstrate that the robotic arm can bear heavy loads in a human-like posture,effectively reducing the maximum output torque and energy consumption of the robotic arm by 1.83%and 5.03%,respectively,while avoiding joints beyond geometric and load capacity limitations.The proposed design provides a high payload–weight ratio and an efficient pose control solution for robotic arms,which can potentially broaden the application spectrum of humanoid robots.展开更多
The regularities of the solid solutions between the scheelite-type compounds and rare earth molybdates or tungstates were investigated by the atomic parameter-support vector machine method and the intelligent database...The regularities of the solid solutions between the scheelite-type compounds and rare earth molybdates or tungstates were investigated by the atomic parameter-support vector machine method and the intelligent database of phase diagrams of molten salt systems. The crystal structure of scheelite-type compounds having M^1M^′Ⅲ (XO4)2(X = Mo, W) as common formula and the formability of the continuous solid solution between these compounds and rare earth molybdates or tungstates were also investigated. Besides, the cell constants of these compounds can be calculated by some semi-empirical equations. Based on the obtained relationships, the results of computerized prediction of the solid solubility of T1Pr (MoO4)2-Pr2 (MoO4)3 system have good agreement with experimental results.展开更多
Elastomeric membranes are frequently used in several emerging fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics.For convenience of the structural design,it is very attractive to find simple analytical solutions to...Elastomeric membranes are frequently used in several emerging fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics.For convenience of the structural design,it is very attractive to find simple analytical solutions to well describe their elastic deformations in response to external loadings.However,both the material/geometrical nonlinearity and the deformation inhomogeneity due to boundary constraints make it much challenging to get an exact analytical solution.In this paper,we focus on the inflation of a prestretched elastomeric circular membrane under uniform pressure,and derive an approximate analytical solution of the pressure-volume curve based upon a reasonable assumption on the shape of the inflated membrane.Such an explicit expression enables us to quantitatively design the material and geometrical parameters of the pre-stretched membrane to generate a target pressure-volume curve with prescribed peak point and initial slope.This work would be of help in the simplified mechanical design of structures involving elastomeric membranes.展开更多
The feasibility of copper smelter slag processing by ammonia solution treatment was investigated. The central composite rotatable design(CCRD) and approximation method were used to determine the optimum conditions of ...The feasibility of copper smelter slag processing by ammonia solution treatment was investigated. The central composite rotatable design(CCRD) and approximation method were used to determine the optimum conditions of zinc and copper recovery to a solution. The experimental design was done at five levels of the four operating parameters which were the initial concentration of NH–3, the initial Cl ions concentration, leaching time and solid/liquid ratio. Two mathematical models describing dependence of metal recovery on the operating parameters were obtained. The models are successful in predicting the responses. It was found that optimal parameters for zinc and copper recovery are as follows(values for copper are given in brackets): initial CNH3 17.1%(19.9%), initial CCl– 160 g/L(160 g/L), leaching process duration 4.56 h(4.13 h), solid/liquid ratio 0.39(0.53). The maximum Zn and Cu recoveries to solution, obtained experimentally under the conditions, are 81.16% and 56.48%, respectively.展开更多
A new process for preparing poly(phenylene sulfide amide, PPSA), which is by reaction of sulfur instead of sodium sulfide as S source with dichlorobenzamide (DCBA) and alkali in polar orga...A new process for preparing poly(phenylene sulfide amide, PPSA), which is by reaction of sulfur instead of sodium sulfide as S source with dichlorobenzamide (DCBA) and alkali in polar organic solvent at the atmospheric pressure (called sulfur solution route), is reported in the present paper. The influences of polymerization time, molar ratio of precursors, catalyst and solvent upon the polymer were investigated. To seek the best parameters of polymerization, orthogonal design was employed in the experiments. The results indicate that the molar ratio of precursors is the most significant effect on both of viscosity and yield of the polymer. The suitable parameters for preparing the related polymer are presented. The polymer was characterized by IRspectrum, 1HNMRspectrum and Raman spectrum, etc.展开更多
A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equ...A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equivalent to the subproblem of the design optimization is taken as the symbolic (analytical) expression of the optimum solution for the symbolic optimization, i.e. the problem with symbolic coefficients. A method based on substituting and eliminating for determining Groebner Bases is also proposed, and method for finding all numerical optimum solutions is discussed. Finally an example is given, demonstrating the strategy and efficiency of the method.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50875243)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (No.Y1110100)
文摘In order to realize the parametric design of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism,according to the necessary parameters of weft insertion process,ideal kinematic curves of the weft insertion mechanism were given,and the mathematical model of reverse solution for this mechanism was established.The parameters of this mechanism were obtained by reverse solution on the basis of the given ideal kinematic curves and kinematic requirements.The parametric design platform which was integrated with the functions of parametric reverse solution,motion simulation,three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembly was developed based on VB.NET and Unigraphics(UG) NX.After entering the technological parameters of weft insertion process and essential structural parameters by users,three-dimensional drawing of the main parts such as the conjugate cam and shaft,can be obtained by this platform,also the processing data of the cam can be calculated.This platform provides a rapid approach for parametric design of weft insertion mechanism.
文摘Teaching legal English for law students in China is difficult.For one thing,many Chinese law students have trouble moreor less in learning English,because the English language is not their mother tongue.For another,legal English differs a great dealfrom everyday English in many respects,including terminology,phrasing,linguistic structure,and linguistic conventions,whichmakes legal English teaching for law students in China by far harder.To solve difficulties undermining teaching legal English forlaw students in China,the author of this paper holds that in his or her actual legal English teaching,the teacher should boost lawstudents basic English teaching,expose them to cases study of specialized legal English terminology and linguistic structures andconventions.
文摘As coal is the most important primary energy in China, SO2 , the main pollutant of coal-fired power plantsseriously pollutes the environment in the course of energy utilization and conversion. Flue gas desulphurization is inevitable in China, however, it is rather difficult to reach the stipulated standards without any compulsory administrative measures of the government. What are the exact difficulties and solutions for the desulphurization in power plants?
文摘A persistent challenge for Oman's energy infrastructure was the deafening rumble of diesel generators. The Silent Generator Project addressed this challenge, developing advanced generators that deliver power quietly and efficiently. Diesel generators have historically been notorious for being noisy and vibrational, making them unsuitable for sensitive environments. To dramatically reduce noise levels, the project utilized innovative materials and design modifications to ensure reliable and quiet electricity for various applications. In all directions, the project advanced the knowledge of noise reduction through rigorous testing and meticulous integration of insulators and mufflers. As a result, quieter, more sustainable energy production is on the way, marking a major advance in silent generator technology. Furthermore, the Silent Generator Project lays the foundation for more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel generator technologies in the future. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is established, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation. Additionally, this work also suggests future diesel generator technologies that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is set, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation.
基金the Special Research Fund of Ghent University(BOF 01D23812 to Lien Taevernier and BOF O1J22510 to Evelien Wynendaele and Professor Bart De Spiegeleer)the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders(IWT 101529 to Matthias D'Hondt)for their financial funding
文摘The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin(BSA),e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell(FDC) solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design(QbD)approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors(acetonitrile(%).formic acid(%) and boiling time(min)) were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability(D) approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52175069).
文摘Inspired by the driving muscles of the human arm,a 4-Degree of Freedom(DOF)concentrated driving humanoid robotic arm is proposed based on a spatial double parallel four-bar mechanism.The four-bar mechanism design reduces the inertia of the elbow-driving unit and the torque by 76.65%and 57.81%,respectively.Mimicking the human pose regulation strategy that the human arm picks up a heavy object by adjusting its posture naturally without complicated control,the robotic arm features an integrated position-level closed-form inverse solution method considering both geometric and load capacity limitations.This method consists of a geometric constraint model incorporating the arm angle(φ)and the Global Configuration(GC)to avoid joint limits and singularities,and a load capacity model to constrain the feasible domain of the arm angle.Further,trajectory tracking simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed inverse solution method.The simulated maximum output torque,maximum output power and total energy consumption of the robotic arm are reduced by up to 2.0%,13.3%,and 33.3%,respectively.The experimental results demonstrate that the robotic arm can bear heavy loads in a human-like posture,effectively reducing the maximum output torque and energy consumption of the robotic arm by 1.83%and 5.03%,respectively,while avoiding joints beyond geometric and load capacity limitations.The proposed design provides a high payload–weight ratio and an efficient pose control solution for robotic arms,which can potentially broaden the application spectrum of humanoid robots.
文摘The regularities of the solid solutions between the scheelite-type compounds and rare earth molybdates or tungstates were investigated by the atomic parameter-support vector machine method and the intelligent database of phase diagrams of molten salt systems. The crystal structure of scheelite-type compounds having M^1M^′Ⅲ (XO4)2(X = Mo, W) as common formula and the formability of the continuous solid solution between these compounds and rare earth molybdates or tungstates were also investigated. Besides, the cell constants of these compounds can be calculated by some semi-empirical equations. Based on the obtained relationships, the results of computerized prediction of the solid solubility of T1Pr (MoO4)2-Pr2 (MoO4)3 system have good agreement with experimental results.
基金Supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11772272 and 11972027)the support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grants 2682019LK06 and 2682019LXCGKY001)
文摘Elastomeric membranes are frequently used in several emerging fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics.For convenience of the structural design,it is very attractive to find simple analytical solutions to well describe their elastic deformations in response to external loadings.However,both the material/geometrical nonlinearity and the deformation inhomogeneity due to boundary constraints make it much challenging to get an exact analytical solution.In this paper,we focus on the inflation of a prestretched elastomeric circular membrane under uniform pressure,and derive an approximate analytical solution of the pressure-volume curve based upon a reasonable assumption on the shape of the inflated membrane.Such an explicit expression enables us to quantitatively design the material and geometrical parameters of the pre-stretched membrane to generate a target pressure-volume curve with prescribed peak point and initial slope.This work would be of help in the simplified mechanical design of structures involving elastomeric membranes.
文摘The feasibility of copper smelter slag processing by ammonia solution treatment was investigated. The central composite rotatable design(CCRD) and approximation method were used to determine the optimum conditions of zinc and copper recovery to a solution. The experimental design was done at five levels of the four operating parameters which were the initial concentration of NH–3, the initial Cl ions concentration, leaching time and solid/liquid ratio. Two mathematical models describing dependence of metal recovery on the operating parameters were obtained. The models are successful in predicting the responses. It was found that optimal parameters for zinc and copper recovery are as follows(values for copper are given in brackets): initial CNH3 17.1%(19.9%), initial CCl– 160 g/L(160 g/L), leaching process duration 4.56 h(4.13 h), solid/liquid ratio 0.39(0.53). The maximum Zn and Cu recoveries to solution, obtained experimentally under the conditions, are 81.16% and 56.48%, respectively.
文摘A new process for preparing poly(phenylene sulfide amide, PPSA), which is by reaction of sulfur instead of sodium sulfide as S source with dichlorobenzamide (DCBA) and alkali in polar organic solvent at the atmospheric pressure (called sulfur solution route), is reported in the present paper. The influences of polymerization time, molar ratio of precursors, catalyst and solvent upon the polymer were investigated. To seek the best parameters of polymerization, orthogonal design was employed in the experiments. The results indicate that the molar ratio of precursors is the most significant effect on both of viscosity and yield of the polymer. The suitable parameters for preparing the related polymer are presented. The polymer was characterized by IRspectrum, 1HNMRspectrum and Raman spectrum, etc.
文摘A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equivalent to the subproblem of the design optimization is taken as the symbolic (analytical) expression of the optimum solution for the symbolic optimization, i.e. the problem with symbolic coefficients. A method based on substituting and eliminating for determining Groebner Bases is also proposed, and method for finding all numerical optimum solutions is discussed. Finally an example is given, demonstrating the strategy and efficiency of the method.