Evidence-based Landscape Design of University Campus:Relationship Between Characteristics of Outdoor Environments and Actual Uses of Students

Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.

Factors Affecting DMO’s Website Use Intention, and Visiting Intention: A SEM Model on the Impact of E-Destination Image and DMO’s Website Design

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze ways to increase usage of destination website and motivate website visitors’intention to actually visit the destination.The sample population is South Koreans who visit the VisitBritain website,the homepage of Britain’s national tourism agency.The data for this study were collected by a self-participated online survey on the blog of VisitBritain Korea,which is directly linked to the VisitBritain Korea website.Using structural equation modeling,six hypotheses were tested.The results show that the destination image on the destination marketing organization(DMO)website,quality of the destination website design including three dimensions(information quality,system quality,and service quality),and customers’satisfaction formed by high quality of the website design have a significant impact on website visitors’use intention and increase their visiting intention to the destination.Based upon the results of the analysis,managerial implications and areas for future research are proposed.

IMPACT OF RETROFITTING ENERGY-EFFICIENT DESIGN STRATEGIES ON ENERGY USE OF EXISTING COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS:COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOW-IMPACT AND DEEP RETROFIT STRATEGIES

This article discusses cnergy-ficicnt rtfitting design strategics for commercial office buildings,and cxamincs thcir ffect on energy consumption.The objective of the rescarch was to study how to intcgrate passive design stratcgics and cnergy-efficient building systems to improve building performancc,and reduce the cncrgy consumption of existing buildings in three different climate types(cold,mixed and hot climates).First,propertics of existing buildings were analyzed based on national CBECS database to detcrminc typical charactcristics of office buildings located in Chicago,Baltimore and Phoenix,including size,building envelope treatment and building systems.Then,fourteen diffrent prototypes were developed,varying the building shape and orientation to represent different building stock,and cncrgy modcling was conducted to cstablish energy usage baselinc.Multiplc design con-sidcrations were investigated bascd on cxtensivc cncrgy simulations and modeling;where low-impact and decp retrofits were considered.Low-impact stratcgics included improvements to the building cnvelope,lighting systems and optimization of HVAC systems opcration(without upgrading heating and cooling cquipment).Decp cnergy rctrofits also included improvements to building envclopc and lighting,and con-sidered changcs and improvements to HVAC systems(spccifically,integration of radiant systcms).Energy modeling was conducted for all prototypes,and results were obtained for the bascline(current energy usagc),and energy usage considering low-impact design stratcgics and decp rctrofts.A total of 126 cnergy modcls was devcloped,simulated and analyzed,providing a dataset that captured cnergy usage for investigated scenarios.The comparative analysis of simulation results was used to determine how specific techniqucs lead to energy savings in different climatc types,as well as for buildings of various shapes and oricntations.

Design Issues for Use of Solid State Transmitter Radars in the Terminal Airspace

Abstract

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

Hydrogen-based direct reduction of industrial iron ore pellets:Statistically designed experiments and computational simulation

As part of efforts to reduce anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions by the steelmaking industry,this study investigated the direct reduction of industrially produced hematite pellets with H_(2) using the Doehlert experimental design to evaluate the effect of pellet diameter(10.5-16.5 mm),porosity(0.36-0.44),and temperature(600-1200℃).A strong interactive effect between temperature and pellet size was observed,indicating that these variables cannot be considered independently.The increase in temperature and decrease in pellet size considerably favor the reduction rate,while porosity did not show a relevant effect.The change in pellet size during the reduction was negligible,except at elevated temperatures due to crack formation.A considerable decrease in mechanical strength at high temperatures suggests a maximum process operating temperature of 900℃.Good predictive capacity was achieved using the modified grain model to simulate the three consecutive non-catalytic gas-solid reactions,considering different pellet sizes and porosities,changes during the reaction from 800 to 900℃.However,for other temperatures,different mechanisms of structural modifications must be considered in the modeling.These results represent significant contributions to the development of ore pellets for CO_(2)-free steelmaking technology.

利用Power Designer建立Use Case图

介绍了标准的、面向对象的图形化建模语言UML和如何利用PowerDesigner建立UseCase图。

Study On Pattern Design of Men's Tailored-suit Sleeve

Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.

SELECTING CLUSTER MODEL IN Sn - BASED SOLDER ALLOY DESIGN WITH DV - X_α CALCULATION METHOD

Applying calculation method in alloy design should be an important tendency due to its characters of inexpensive cost, high efficiency and prediction. DOS calculations of AuSn, AsSn and SbSn Sn- based alloys have been investigated by employing DV - Xa method, in which different cluster models were adopted to calculate electron structure.It is proved that some regulations must be taken into ac- count in order to carry out alloy design calculation successfully,which are described in this paper in detail.

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

Suboptimal State Feedback H2/H∞ Controller Design with Spectrum Constraint for Discrete-time Stochastic Systems

With the aid of the spectnnn techique, a new concept named-α-stabilizability （0≤α≤1） is intnxhged and its suffident and necessary canditions are also prvposed. Especially, it is identical with the asymptotically mean square stabilizability when α = 1. As an application, the suboptimal state feedback H2/H∞ controller that satisfies the additional Spectrum canstmint via solving a convex optimization problem is delt with.

MATLAB App Designer在法布里-珀罗干涉实验中的应用

基于法布里-珀罗(F-P)多光束干涉原理,利用MATLAB设计了基于F-P干涉实验的可视化App仿真界面,不仅可复现F-P腔长、入射波长、透镜焦距等参数对F-P干涉图样的影响及实时动态展示,还可观察周围介质折射率、F-P腔折射率与干涉图样的关系,并能进行多波长分辨率和微小波长差测量实验的演示.这些直观形象的模拟结果展示,将有助于改善多光束干涉理论及实验教学效果.

Creative Design Fulfills Brand and Fashion China Fashion Week A/W 2010-2011 Collection held in Beijing

March is a right party time for friends to get together to enjoy the smell of early spring. Moreover, people would like to take off the thick winter coat to showcase their colorful attitude towards the warm spring sunshine. Here, an annual fashion feast in Beijing not only could provide you a visual inspiration of trend, but also would tell you what’s the most "in" factors in the coming season.

融与合——有感于Freedom in Design：The Architectnre of J．J．Pan and Partners．2000-2006

潘冀，1966年毕业于美国莱斯大学建筑学专业1967年获美国哥伦比亚大学城市建筑硕士学位主攻城市设计方向。在之后的几年内．先后为菲利普约翰逊和理查德-罗杰斯等建筑师事务所服务1972年取得美国职业建筑师资格．并于1981年回到台湾成立潘冀联合设计师事务所。在之后20多年内．该事务所逐渐成长为台湾最大的建筑师事务所之一．

固定床催化合成N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺的研究

通过自制备的金属负载型催化剂,以二甲胺和乙二醇为原料,在气固固定床反应器中合成了N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺.以γ-Al2O3为载体,Cu、Ni、Cr、Zn等金属为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备了3种二元金属负载型催化剂:Cu-Ni型、Cu-Zn型、Cu-Cr型.在相同条件下对3种催化剂的催化性能进行了考察,对乙二醇转化率及四甲基乙二胺的选择性进行了分析,结果表明:Cu-Ni型催化剂的催化效果最佳.通过平行实验对反应温度、胺醇的物质的量比及体积空速进行了研究,获得了较优的条件区间范围.根据平行实验结果,采用响应面实验设计方法(DesignEx-pert软件)对反应条件进行了优化,获得了最优的反应条件:以Cu-Ni为活性组分的催化剂进行催化,反应温度为204.81℃,胺醇的物质的量比为5.27,体积空速为0.29h-1,最佳产率可以达到79.84%.

响应面法优化秸秆发酵产β-葡萄糖苷酶的研究

为了高效利用废弃的农作物秸秆,优化康氏木霉固态发酵秸秆生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵参数,首先利用Plackett-Burman试验,对影响生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的参数麸皮添加量、(NH4)2SO4添加量、培养温度、培养时间、料水比、装料比、浸提液p H值进行了主要影响因子的筛选;然后再利用Center Composite Design响应面分析对产酶参数进行了优化。结果表明:培养温度和培养时间是影响固态发酵生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的主要因素;经CCD优化后,得到产酶最适条件为培养时间6.6 d、培养温度27℃,该条件下β-葡萄糖苷酶活性为77.68 IU/m L。验证试验证实,预测回归方程的预测值与试验值之间具有较高的拟合度。本研究结果可为农业秸秆资源的再利用和纤维素酶的工业化生产提供科学依据。

Androgenic-anabolic steroids and the Olympic Games

Androgenic-anabolic steroids （AAS） have been misused by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and after they were prohibited in sport in 1974. Systematic doping with AAS occurred in the German Democratic Republic （GDR） from 1965 to 1989 which assisted that country to win many medals at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited substances detected in the urine of athletes both globally and at the last two Summer Olympic Games. Scientific confirmation that AAS are effective in enhancing sports performance was difficult because ethical approval was difficult for research involving male subjects taking massive doses of androgens as some athletes and bodybuilders did. Methods to detect AAS have evolved gradually over the past three decades and currently, despite an impressive array of sophisticated analytical equipment and methods, anti-doping authorities and analytical scientists continue to face challenges as have occurred from the use by athletes of designer AAS during the past few years. The future development and use of selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） can be anticipated to pose problems in the years ahead. Endocrinologists should be aware that on occasions, replacement testosterone （T） therapy may be authorized in sport as a therapeutic use exemption （TUE） and these circumstances are discussed.

TaNRT2.1-6B is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter contributing to nitrogen uptake in bread wheat under both nitrogen deficiency and sufficiency

Multiple nitrate transporter(NRT)genes exist in the genome of bread wheat,and it is of great importance to identify the elite NRT genes for N-efficient wheat cultivar breeding.A candidate gene association study(CGAS)of six N use efficiency(NUE)related traits(grain N concentration(GNC),straw N concentration(SNC),grain yield(GY),grain N accumulation(GNA),shoot total N accumulation(STN)and N harvest index(NHI))was performed based on SNPs in 46 NRT2 genes using a panel composed of 286 wheat cultivars.CGAS identified TaNRT2.1-6B as an elite NRT gene that is significantly associated with four(NHI,SNC,GNA and GY)of the six NUE-related traits simultaneously.TaNRT2.1-6B is located on the plasma membrane and acts as a dual-affinity NRT.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B increased the N influx and root growth of wheat,whereas gene silence lines resulted in the opposite effects.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B also improved GY and N accumulation of wheat under either limited or sufficient N conditions.The data provide the TaNRT2.1-6B gene and the two associated SNP markers as promising powerful tools for breeding wheat cultivars with high N uptake ability and NUE.

Design Change Model for Effective Scheduling Change Propagation Paths

Changes in requirements may result in the increasing of product development project cost and lead time, therefore, it is important to understand how require- ment changes propagate in the design of complex product systems and be able to select best options to guide design. Currently, a most approach for design change is lack of take the multi-disciplinary coupling relationships and the number of parameters into account integrally. A new design change model is presented to systematically analyze and search change propagation paths. Firstly, a PDS-Be- havior-Structure-based design change model is established to describe requirement changes causing the design change propagation in behavior and structure domains. Secondly, a multi-disciplinary oriented behavior matrix is utilized to support change propagation analysis of complex product systems, and the interaction relationships of the matrix elements are used to obtain an initial set of change paths. Finally, a rough set-based propagation space reducing tool is developed to assist in narrowing change propagation paths by computing the importance of the design change parameters. The proposed new design change model and its associated tools have been demonstrated by the scheduling change propagation paths of high speed train＇s bogie to show its feasibility and effectiveness. This model is not only supportive to response quickly to diversified market requirements, but also helpful to satisfy customer require- ments and reduce product development lead time. The proposed new design change model can be applied in a wide range of engineering systems design with improved efficiency.