水田动力底盘逆向建模与质心验证——基于Geomagic Design X

针对目前农业机械仿真和优化模型精度不高的问题,提出了一种构建精确模型的逆向建模方法。应用光学扫描仪采集点云数据,基于Geomagic Design X处理点云数据并重构零部件模型,在SolidWorks中完成水田动力底盘的装配。以VP6D-CQ型水田动力底盘为例,将测得的实际质心位置与所建的模型质心位置进行比较,并对提出的逆向建模方法进行了试验验证以及误差分析。结果表明:总质量、x坐标、y坐标、z坐标的误差值分别为4.55%、3.62%、2.23%、4.81%,误差值均在5%内。此方法可构建准确的三维模型,为后续仿真优化数据精确性奠定了基础,与传统的研发相比较,可缩短农业机械研发周期、降低设计成本。

车载信息交互系统复杂性设计管理发展研究

目的梳理车载信息交互系统及其复杂性管理的发展脉络,并提出多元设计策略以指导车载信息交互系统设计。方法首先利用Vosviewer进行文献检索,梳理出目前车载信息交互领域的研究热点;然后通过文献回顾的方式总结传统车载信息交互系统的复杂性演变;最后利用Design X的设计策略,从用户、系统、信息等角度,分析数智时代下的车载信息交互系统存在的任务复杂性及交互复杂性。结论基于Design X的设计策略,从用户群体分析、车载信息优化、智慧交通系统搭建等角度,提出有关管理车载信息交互系统复杂性的多元设计策略,为后续车载信息交互设计提供参考。

基于MATLAB的射频微波电路阻抗匹配教学软件设计

阻抗匹配是射频微波电路设计的重要内容,然而阻抗匹配方案众多且计算繁杂,原有教学大多以中心频率匹配的数学公式推导为主,学生难以理解不同匹配方案在较宽频带内的整体性能表现。为此,基于MATLAB App Designer开发了一款阻抗匹配设计和分析软件,可实现包含集总参数电感电容和分布参数微带线在内的多种宽带、窄带匹配方案,通过输入技术指标要求便可直接得到对应的电路结构、元件值以及S参数曲线。该软件操作简单、实时性强,可快速比较多种匹配方案的性能,加强学生对阻抗匹配的深层次理解,极大地辅助了教学和科研。

用于化学品数据查询和TNT当量计算软件的研究与实现

本文介绍了一款基于Matlab App designer的化学品查询、WTNT、NTNT计算和数据保存的软件——化学品数据查询和TNT当量计算软件。该软件能够通过CAS检索服务号查询化学品相关信息,包括闪点、爆炸极限、自燃点、火灾危险性分类,并计算WTNT和NTNT,同时还支持数据保存功能。阐述了系统的功能模块和开发过程,介绍了系统的操作方法和使用效果,为化学品数据查询和TNT当量计算提供了一种简便、快捷的方法。

《电力电子技术》课程教学改革研究

在工程教育背景下,为增强课堂教学实效,以产出为导向,培养学生工程应用能力,对电气工程及其自动化专业的核心课程《电力电子技术》进行改革。分析了课程教学中存在的问题,如实践能力培养欠缺、实验教学效果差、教学方法单一、课程考核综合性不强和课程思政缺乏等;提出了改进方法,如引入MATLAB仿真、加强信息化教学、运用Altium Designer进行电路实物制作、改进教学方法、多环节考核和融入课程思政等,实践证明了其可行性和有效性。

Recent Progress in Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Advanced Control Applications

Reinforcement learning(RL) has roots in dynamic programming and it is called adaptive/approximate dynamic programming(ADP) within the control community. This paper reviews recent developments in ADP along with RL and its applications to various advanced control fields. First, the background of the development of ADP is described, emphasizing the significance of regulation and tracking control problems. Some effective offline and online algorithms for ADP/adaptive critic control are displayed, where the main results towards discrete-time systems and continuous-time systems are surveyed, respectively.Then, the research progress on adaptive critic control based on the event-triggered framework and under uncertain environment is discussed, respectively, where event-based design, robust stabilization, and game design are reviewed. Moreover, the extensions of ADP for addressing control problems under complex environment attract enormous attention. The ADP architecture is revisited under the perspective of data-driven and RL frameworks,showing how they promote ADP formulation significantly.Finally, several typical control applications with respect to RL and ADP are summarized, particularly in the fields of wastewater treatment processes and power systems, followed by some general prospects for future research. Overall, the comprehensive survey on ADP and RL for advanced control applications has d emonstrated its remarkable potential within the artificial intelligence era. In addition, it also plays a vital role in promoting environmental protection and industrial intelligence.

Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.

Relationship between the unique microstructures and behaviors of high-entropy alloys

High-entropy alloys(HEAs),which were introduced as a pioneering concept in 2004,have captured the keen interest of nu-merous researchers.Entropy,in this context,can be perceived as representing disorder and randomness.By contrast,elemental composi-tions within alloy systems occupy specific structural sites in space,a concept referred to as structure.In accordance with Shannon entropy,structure is analogous to information.Generally,the arrangement of atoms within a material,termed its structure,plays a pivotal role in dictating its properties.In addition to expanding the array of options for alloy composites,HEAs afford ample opportunities for diverse structural designs.The profound influence of distinct structural features on the exceptional behaviors of alloys is underscored by numer-ous examples.These features include remarkably high fracture strength with excellent ductility,antiballistic capability,exceptional radi-ation resistance,and corrosion resistance.In this paper,we delve into various unique material structures and properties while elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and performance.

Recent advances in cobalt phosphide-based materials for electrocatalytic water splitting:From catalytic mechanism and synthesis method to optimization design

Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.

Analysis of the interaction between bolt-reinforced rock and surface support in tunnels based on convergence-confinement method

To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.

电驱动矿用自卸车轮毂驱动系统动态疲劳可靠性分析

针对在设计阶段无法准确评估实际载荷下轮毂驱动系统可靠性的问题,提出了一种适用于设计阶段的轮毂驱动系统可靠性评估方法。以额定设计静载荷代替实际随机载荷,计算了轮毂驱动系统各个齿轮副动态疲劳可靠性。并通过Romax Design软件模拟试验了实际载荷下的轮毂驱动系统各个齿轮副的疲劳损伤与可靠性,验证了此方法的可行性,为轮毂驱动系统的可靠性设计提供了理论依据和实际试验指导。

驱动电机轴承热特性分析系统设计与验证

针对新能源汽车驱动电机轴承热特性分析过程中,其温升及接触分析计算过于复杂、计算效率低的问题,采用MATLAB App Designer软件开发工具,在建立驱动电机轴承温升及接触分析模型和编制其数值求解程序的基础上,设计一套新能源汽车驱动电机轴承热特性分析系统。该系统使用方便,只需输入轴承的相关参数,便可直接计算出轴承相应的温升、发热功耗和接触载荷等性能参数,且计算结果可在系统界面以图表的形式进行显示和输出。与试验数据的对比结果表明,该系统高效可靠,为工程设计中其他复杂计算系统的开发提供了参考。

发动机叶轮的逆向建模与3D打印研究

为了高效地生产出高精度的叶轮,采用激光扫描仪对发动机叶轮原件进行扫描,对点云数据进行处理,利用逆向建模软件Geomagic Design X对其进行模型重构,将重构的数据与原件相比较,并进行3D打印,最终得出逆向建模能够获取较高精度的叶轮模型,3D打印能够快速高效地打印叶轮模型,从而为解决叶轮加工难度大、工序复杂等问题提供了一种新方法,也为缩短产品生产周期提供了便捷。

基于“Design Thinking”理念的职业院校创新创业人才培养模式

随着我国经济不断发展和社会进步,创新创业已经成为推动经济增长的关键驱动力,在2015年全国人民代表大会上,李克强总理将“大众创业、万众创新”明确列为我国经济增长的“双引擎”之一,彰显了创新创业对于推动社会发展的重要地位。为响应国家政策,各高校积极开展创新创业教育,将其纳入高等教育综合改革的重要议程,成为培养未来人才的重要途径。本文分析了“Design Thinking”理念下职业院校创新创业人才培养的必要性,围绕新时期专业院校创新创业人才培养的要求,提出了基于“Design Thinking”理念的职业院校创新创业人才培养模式的有效策略,为职业院校人才培养效率的强化提供了参考性意见。

基于MVVM模式SpringBoot框架的高校信息化项目管理系统

传统的Java EE应用以Spring MVC、Mybatis、FreeMarker为核心,具有架构分层不清晰、前后端代码耦合性高、不易扩展等缺点。为提高轻量级Java EE应用的开发效率,提出一种基于Ant Design、React、SpringBoot、Apache Cayenne框架的Java EE应用架构。其基于MVVM模式,以SpringBoot为核心向上集成Ant Design和React为前端,向下集成Apache Cayenne为后端,集成后的架构通过Ant Design和React实现表示层,通过SpringBoot实现控制层和业务逻辑层,通过Apache Cayenne实现数据持久层。基于此开发的高校信息化项目管理系统,架构层次清晰,前后端代码彻底分离,可供高校信息化项目管理部门使用和推广。

双十字路口交通灯控制Stateflow和App Designer仿真

为培养学生能够独立从事自动化相关领域的工程设计、应用研究,解决自动化领域复杂工程实施过程中遇到的关键技术问题,以双十字路口交通灯为研究对象,为计算机辅助建模与仿真类课程设计了一个综合性教学案例。教学案例主要内容为双十字路口Simulink/Stateflow建模与基于Matlab App Designer的交通灯控制可视化仿真。通过此教学案例的实施,明显提高了学生对Matlab的综合应用和工程设计能力,并为后续课程“单片机原理及应用”和“电气控制和PLC”作铺垫。

Nonaqueous potassium-ion full-cells:Mapping the progress and identifying missing puzzle pieces

This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the electrode/electrolyte interfaces challenge,major barriers,and recent advancements in KIFCs.The strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,including interfaces co ntrol,electrolyte optimization,electrodes capacity ratio,electrode material screening and electrode design,are discussed.The review highlights the need to evaluate KIBs in full-cell configurations as half-cell results are strongly impacted by the K metal reactivity.It also emphasizes the importance of understanding solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and explores promising nonaqueous as well as quasiand all-solid-state electrolytes options.This review thus paves the way for practical,cost-effective,and scalable KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.

Study of the Ballistic Impact Behavior of Protective Multi-Layer Composite Armor

The abalone shell,a composite material whose cross-section is composed of inorganic and organic layers,has high strength and toughness.Inspired by the abalone shell,several multi-layer composite plates with different layer sequences and thicknesses are studied as bullet-proof material in this paper.To investigate the ballistic performance of this multi-layer structure,the complete characterization model and related material parameters of large deformation,failure and fracture ofAl_(2)O_(3)ceramics andCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)are studied.Then,3D finite element models of the proposed composite plates with different layer sequences and thicknesses impacted by a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary(API)are built using Abaqus to predict failure.The simulation results show that the CFRP/Al2O3 ceramic/Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE)/CFRP(1 mm/4 mm/4 mm/1 mm)composite is the optimized stack of layers.The simulation results under specified layer sequence and thickness have a reasonable correlation with the experimental results and reflect the failure and fracture of the multi-layer composite protective armor.

以色彩为媒介的Design Thinking在艺术设计中的创新实践

色彩作为Design Thinking中的重要媒介,在艺术设计创新实践中具有重要潜力。本文探讨了以色彩为媒介的Design Thinking在艺术设计创新实践中的应用。色彩不仅在Design Thinking中占据重要地位,而且对人类的情绪和行为产生影响,同时在设计中起着至关重要的作用。将Design Thinking引入艺术实践领域,旨在培养艺术创新思维和问题解决能力,强调创新实践和跨学科合作。职业院校在艺术设计创新实践中面临着诸多挑战,但也存在机遇。通过案例分析,本文展示了如何实施基于色彩的Design Thinking艺术设计实践以及这种创新对艺术创新能力的积极影响。

Web Layout Design of Large Cavity Structures Based on Topology Optimization

Large cavity structures are widely employed in aerospace engineering, such as thin-walled cylinders, blades andwings. Enhancing performance of aerial vehicles while reducing manufacturing costs and fuel consumptionhas become a focal point for contemporary researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the topologyoptimization of large cavity structures as a means to enhance their performance, safety, and efficiency. By usingthe variable density method, lightweight design is achieved without compromising structural strength. Theoptimization model considers both concentrated and distributed loads, and utilizes techniques like sensitivityfiltering and projection to obtain a robust optimized configuration. The mechanical properties are checked bycomparing the stress distribution and displacement of the unoptimized and optimized structures under the sameload. The results confirm that the optimized structures exhibit improved mechanical properties, thus offering keyinsights for engineering lightweight, high-strength large cavity structures.