Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network for Single Image Super-Resolution

Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)technology aims to reconstruct a clear,high-resolution image with more information from an input low-resolution image that is blurry and contains less information.This technology has significant research value and is widely used in fields such as medical imaging,satellite image processing,and security surveillance.Despite significant progress in existing research,challenges remain in reconstructing clear and complex texture details,with issues such as edge blurring and artifacts still present.The visual perception effect still needs further enhancement.Therefore,this study proposes a Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network(PSCAN)for the SISR task.Thismethod designs a convolutional backbone network composed of Pyramid Separable Channel Attention blocks to effectively extract and fuse multi-scale features.This expands the model’s receptive field,reduces resolution loss,and enhances the model’s ability to reconstruct texture details.Additionally,an innovative artifact loss function is designed to better distinguish between artifacts and real edge details,reducing artifacts in the reconstructed images.We conducted comprehensive ablation and comparative experiments on the Arabidopsis root image dataset and several public datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed PSCAN method achieves the best-known performance in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics,with improvements of 0.84 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and 0.017 in Structural Similarity Index(SSIM).This demonstrates that the method can effectively preserve high-frequency texture details,reduce artifacts,and have good generalization performance.

Detailed seismic zoning of the East Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Normalized glandular dose coefficients for digital breast tomosynthesis using detailed Chinese breast models

The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation risk.This study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was constructed.Considering backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel phantom.Image acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray spectra.We calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was investigated.The D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in China.The difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth direction.The results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.

Compression of Battery X-Ray Tomography Data with Machine Learning

With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient solutions.Traditional data compression methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to preserve critical details for accurate analysis.This study proposes a machine learning-assisted compression method tailored for battery x-ray imaging data.Leveraging physics-informed representation learning,our approach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful information.We validate the method on typical battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving structural and chemical details.Experimental results show an up-to-95 compression ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the projection and reconstructed images.The proposed framework provides a promising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and development.

Numerical investigation of hydro-morphodynamic characteristics of a cascading failure of landslide dams

A cascading failure of landslide dams caused by strong earthquakes or torrential rains in mountainous river valleys can pose great threats to people’s lives,properties,and infrastructures.In this study,based on the three-dimensional Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS),the renormalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence model,suspended and bed load transport equations,and the instability discriminant formula of dam breach side slope,and the explicit finite volume method(FVM),a detailed numerical simulation model for calculating the hydro-morphodynamic characteristics of cascading dam breach process has been developed.The developed numerical model can simulate the breach hydrograph and the dam breach morphology evolution during the cascading failure process of landslide dams.A model test of the breaches of two cascading landslide dams has been used as the validation case.The comparison of the calculated and measured results indicates that the breach hydrograph and the breach morphology evolution process of the upstream and downstream dams are generally consistent with each other,and the relative errors of the key breaching parameters,i.e.,the peak breach flow and the time to peak of each dam,are less than±5%.Further,the comparison of the breach hydrographs of the upstream and downstream dams shows that there is an amplification effect of the breach flood on the cascading landslide dam failures.Three key parameters,i.e.,the distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,the river channel slope,and the downstream dam height,have been used to study the flood amplification effect.The parameter sensitivity analyses show that the peak breach flow at the downstream dam decreases with increasing distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,and the downstream dam height.Further,the peak breach flow at the downstream dam first increases and then decreases with steepening of the river channel slope.When the flood caused by the upstream dam failure flows to the downstream dam,it can produce a surge wave that overtops and erodes the dam crest,resulting in a lowering of the dam crest elevation.This has an impact on the failure occurrence time and the peak breach flow of the downstream dam.The influence of the surge wave on the downstream dam failure process is related to the volume of water that overtops the dam crest and the erosion characteristics of dam material.Moreover,the cascading failure case of the Xiaogangjian and Lower Xiaogangjian landslide dams has also been used as the representative case for validating the model.In comparisons of the calculated and measured breach hydrographs and final breach morphologies,the relative errors of the key dam breaching parameters are all within±10%,which verify the rationality of the model is applicable to real-world cases.Overall,the numerical model developed in this study can provide important technical support for the risk assessment and emergency treatment of failures of cascading landslide dams.

Clinical effects of detailed nursing management interventions on medication adherence and disease perception in patients with drugresistant tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that considerably jeopardizes human health,and there is no effective vaccine suitable for its prevention in the entire population.AIM To investigate the promotion of medication adherence and disease cognition in patients with drug-resistant(DR-)TB using detailed nursing management.METHODS In total,114 patients with DR-TB who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were included in this study.Patients in the control group(n=57)were managed with conventional nursing care,while those in the observation group(n=57)were managed with detailed nursing care.Medication adherence,disease awareness scores,medication safety,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups after the intervention.RESULTS The post-intervention medication compliance rate was 91.23%in the observation group and 75.44%in the control group,with the former being 15.79%higher than the latter(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the disease awareness scores between the two groups before the intervention;the disease awareness scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,joint swelling and pain,hearing loss,electrolyte disorders,and liver and kidney function abnormalities were lower in the observation group than those in the control group.The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementation of detailed nursing management for patients with DR-TB can effectively improve medication adherence,enhance awareness of the disease,ensure safety of medication,and improve satisfaction with nursing care.

Exploration of Detailed Planning Practice of Chemical Industrial Parks under the Background of Territorial Space Planning

With the gradual completion of the overall planning of city and county land space,the detailed planning will be prepared according to the requirements of transmitting and refining the upper planning.Industrial parks are one of the“main forces”of local economic development,and the preparation of their detailed planning will escort their development.The key points of the Control Indicators of Construction Land in Industrial Projectsissued in 2008 and 2023 were compared,and the new requirements for detailed planning under the background of territorial space and the contradictions between the detailed planning of industrial parks and the overall planning of the upper territorial space were sorted out based on the summary of the existing problems in the development of chemical parks.It provides some ideas for the practice of detailed planning of chemical industrial parks under the background of territorial space.

Predicting distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using gradient boosting tree model based on detailed magnetic resonance imaging reports

BACKGROUND Development of distant metastasis(DM)is a major concern during treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).However,studies have demonstrated im-proved distant control and survival in patients with advanced NPC with the addition of chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Therefore,precise prediction of metastasis in patients with NPC is crucial.AIM To develop a predictive model for metastasis in NPC using detailed magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reports.METHODS This retrospective study included 792 patients with non-distant metastatic NPC.A total of 469 imaging variables were obtained from detailed MRI reports.Data were stratified and randomly split into training(50%)and testing sets.Gradient boosting tree(GBT)models were built and used to select variables for predicting DM.A full model comprising all variables and a reduced model with the top-five variables were built.Model performance was assessed by area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS Among the 792 patients,94 developed DM during follow-up.The number of metastatic cervical nodes(30.9%),tumor invasion in the posterior half of the nasal cavity(9.7%),two sides of the pharyngeal recess(6.2%),tubal torus(3.3%),and single side of the parapharyngeal space(2.7%)were the top-five contributors for predicting DM,based on their relative importance in GBT models.The testing AUC of the full model was 0.75(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.69-0.82).The testing AUC of the reduced model was 0.75(95%CI:0.68-0.82).For the whole dataset,the full(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.72-0.82)and reduced models(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.71-0.81)outperformed the tumor node-staging system(AUC=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.73).CONCLUSION The GBT model outperformed the tumor node-staging system in predicting metastasis in NPC.The number of metastatic cervical nodes was identified as the principal contributing variable.

Virtual Idols: Trend or Bubble?

With the“metaverse”concept gaining traction,virtual idols have surged into popular culture.These 2D digital avatars,crafted with virtual technology,have won over many young people.Icons such as Luo Tianyi,A-SOUL,and Liu Yexi have debuted to great fanfare,significantly boosting the commercial value of virtual idols.In the rapidly evolving landscape of virtual technology,how is China’s virtual idol industry faring?Let’s delve into the details.

Wan-Yee Joseph Lau:the promoter of modernization and internationalization of Chinese surgery

To my knowledge,there have been 3 books[1–3]and 2 book chapters written about me.[4–5]For those who are interested in the details of my life,please refer to these books/book chapters.The title of this article is an English translation of the title of the book I refer to as reference 1,which I find appropriate to describe the role that I play in China.

有关逃至准噶尔后罗布藏丹津的几份满文档案

This article is the first to translate and introduce more than ten Manchu documents related to Lobzangdanjin,and to explore in details into the historical truths reflected in the sources:escape of him in the second year of Yongzheng from Gasin Am,following north side of Kunlun Mountains heading to the west,and then entered into Jungaria via Keriye Corridor;during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng,there were several negotiations between Qing court and Jungarian Khanate regarding the deportation of Lobzangdanjin;in the 2Oth year of Qianlong reign,after Qing army conquered Dawachi and arrived in Ili,Lobzangdanjin with his son voluntarily surrendered;after being deported to Beijing,Emperor Qianlong pardoned the his sins and reused his two sons;as well as his circumstances during his stay in Jungaria.Author also corrected certain errors in Qing official records,such as the Qing Veritable Records and"Tables and Biographies of Mongolian Nobilities",as well as erroneous views in previous researches.

The Impact of Optimizing Details in the Operating Room on the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control by Surgeons, as Well as the Effectiveness of Infection Control

Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.

A TASTE OF LHASA IN THE SWEET TEA HOUSE

In Lhasa City,thereisa timehonored sweet tea house.Throughoutits47years of operation,it has never been abandonedbytimebut ratherhas grownmoreprosperous.Thisis theGuangming Gangqiong Sweet TeaHouse.Emptycupsareplaced ontables,andcashispreparedby customers.AnAJia(inTibetan,it refers to"sister"and heremeans"waitress")comestocollectmoney whilepouringteainto thecups.If customers order food,they receive aluminum meal cards from the cashier.This unique serving method sets this tea house apart from others in Lhasa.All these small details showcase the tea house's unique tea culture,a common memory for several generations.

Why China’s Recovery Matters

The annual sessions of China’s National People’s Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,commonly known as Two Sessions,held in March in Beijing,not only provided details about China’s development in the past year,but also outlined the development trajectory for the future.

Looking towards the Future of BIM in South Korea Towards AI-Enhanced BIM

This paper provides an overview of South Korea’s 20-year journey in adopting building information modeling(BIM) and future direction. It first discusses the six phases of BIM adoption in South Korea, starting from the use of BIM as a marketing tool to its current intelligent BIM phase. The government’s support for BIM-related research and development projects is also highlighted, with a focus on the artificail intelligence (AI)-based architectural design automation project. As the future direction, it explores the integration of AI with BIM in both local and global contexts. The paper presents AIpowered architectural design methods, including AI-powered early architectural design generation and architectural detailing.Compared to AI-based early architectural design generation, architectural detailing is an unexplored research topic. This paper introduces two AI-and BIM-based architectural detailing methods, being developed at Yonsei University:namely,BIM library transplant and Natural language-based Architectural Detailing through Interaction with AI (NADIA). These methods demonstrate how AI-enhanced BIM can enable architects to interactively develop building details using a language model as a conversational AI and a knowledge base, and a BIM authoring tool as a design platform, in the near future.

Author Correction: Opah (Lampris megalopsis) genome sheds light on the evolution of aquatic endothermy

After the publication of Bo et al.(2022),we realized that the assembly of the opah genome was somewhat inappropriate.We have corrected the issue and apologize for any confusion this may have caused.We have resampled,resequenced,and reanalyzed the genome to optimize its assembly level.Results showed that many candidate genes were involved in skeletal muscle development and skeletal muscle heat production and both thermal insulation strategies were valid,however the candidate genes needed to be corrected.For details,please refer to the modified Supplementary Materials.

Erratum to Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep?A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ Cohort participants[J Sport Health Sci 11(2022)596-604]

This is an erratum to our published paper entitled“Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep?A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ Cohort participants”.In the paper mentioned above,there are some errors that we want to clear in this erratum.On page 601,2 reference lines(i.e.,HR=1)in(A)and(B)of Fig.1 were not labeled.The details are as follows.

Simulations of spin/polarization-resolved laser-plasma interactions in the nonlinear QED regime

Strong-field quantum electrodynamics(SF-QED)plays a crucial role in ultraintense laser-matter interactions and demands sophisticated techniques to understand the related physics with new degrees of freedom,including spin angular momentum.To investigate the impact of SF-QED processes,we have introduced spin/polarization-resolved nonlinear Compton scattering,nonlinear Breit-Wheeler,and vacuum birefringence processes into our particle-in-cell(PIC)code.In this article,we provide details of the implementation of these SF-QED modules and share known results that demonstrate exact agreement with existing single-particle codes.By coupling normal PIC simulations with spin/polarization-resolved SF-QED processes,we create a new theoretical platform to study strong-field physics in currently running or planned petawatt or multi-petawatt laser facilities.

Information for Authors

Check the CES TEMS Author’s Kit at http://www.cestems.org for the latest details.CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems(CES TEMS) is an international quarterly journal, which is published by the China Electrotechnical Society (CES)and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and technically co-sponsored by IEEE Power Electronics Society (IEEE PELS). The CES TEMS will be published in IEEE Xplore and be submitted to EI Compendex.

Information for Authors

Check the CES TEMS Author’s Kit at http://www.cestems.org for the latest details.CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems(CES TEMS) is an international quarterly journal,which is published by the China Electrotechnical Society (CES)and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and technically co-sponsored by IEEE Power Electronics Society (IEEE PELS).The CES TEMS will be published in IEEE Xplore and be submitted to EI Compendex.