CHINA'S NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY——Its Development Policies and Goals During the Ninth Five-year Plan Period

The China Non-ferrous MetalsIndustry Corporation has putforward ten development policiesfor the Ninth Five-year Plan period,according to the central government’sinstruction to change the way of economicgrowth,and raise the integral quality andbenefit of the national economy:

NEW POLICIES FOR PUDONG DEVELOPMENT

As a major area of China for reform andopening and economic developmentin the 90s and the next century,Pudongis in a period for beefing up its development.The next stage of its development will requirenational support and involvement.For thispurpose,the central government is offeringmore preferential policies on the basis ofcontinuing the former preferential policiesfor Pudong,thus accelerating its developmentduring the Ninth Five-Year Plan period.

Palliative care with adequate pain relief challenges the need for euthanasia legislation

Background:In today’s society the ongoing discussion about euthanasia triggers emotionally charged debates surrounding the delicate balance between valuing life and respecting an individual’s autonomy.With the persistence of this debate,there has been the emergence of the concept of the so-called alternative:palliative care.Positioned as a substitute for euthanasia,palliative care aims to alleviate suffering in terminally ill patients without engaging in the ethical dilemmas associated with euthanasia.Methods:This paper explores the facets of palliative care highlighting its core objectives such as providing adequate pain relief as a compassionate alternative to euthanasia.Results:By examining palliative care as a comprehensive approach to end of life support,this study challenges the perceived necessity of euthanasia and advocates,for compassionate and dignified end of life experiences.Conclusion:In conclusion,palliative care emerges as a viable and ethically sound alternative to euthanasia,emphasizing the importance of compassionate end-of-life care and pain management.

Key Technical Problems to be Solved in theCurrent Power Industy Development——Excerpted from the speech on the Seminar on Analysis Forecast of Economic Situation and Enterprise Reform

This paper briefs the development policies and focal construction points of powerindustry in China in 10th Five-year Plan period, and in accordance with the developmentaltrends of international power technology, puts forward the key technological problems tobe studies in China power industry currently.[

Foreign-Related Tax Policy and Regime and Its Tendency of Development

China’s foreign--related tax system was established and developed in theprocess of deepening the reform and opening to the outside world begin-ning in 1979. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CentralCommittee of the Chinese Communist Party, to meet the demands of thenew situation of opening to the outside world, several laws were promul-

AN APPROACH ON SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF CHINA'S URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

China, having urique national conditions, is facing a basic contradiction between large numbers of less educated surplus rural labor forces and limited capacities of urban employment and infrastructure on the urbanization process.Hence, the urbanization model should prevail in comprehensive and several ways: (1)On occupational and spatial shift rural surplus labors, two fashions of 'leaving land bot not countryside' and 'leaving both land and countryside' should be integrated with joint effort of cities and countryside. (2) On urbanization motive, urban construction will be invested by not only the govermment (from the upper), but the locality, personnel and foreigners (from the lower). (3) On urban scales, metropolis,large, medium-sized and small cities and towns should play fully their roles to absorb rural surplus lanors. Thereby, the present urban development policy needs to be rectified, which this paper has discussed particularly. (4) On account of great regional disparities in China, urban development should perform different models in different regions. In addition, this paper has also focused on the problem and its primary countermeasures of 'labor force mass', a hot issue closely related to urbanization and rural labor transfer.

Research on European rural vitalization policies

Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,rural vitalization has attracted more and more attention in China.Compared with China,European countries have already experienced the by-product of rural development bottleneck brought by urbanization.Population loss,imbalance of industrial structure and destruction of rural ecological environment are the main reasons to limit the sustainable development of rural areas.This paper explores the rural vitalization policies of developed countries in Europe,summarizes the relevant rural policies of the European Union in recent years,analyzes typical rural vitalization cases in Europe,and tries to provide references and guidance for rural vitalization in China.

An Evaluation of South Korean Container Sea Port Development Policy

As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port development with an optimal scale. The Korean container port development under the master plan for national port development reveals a severe problem of excess supply of port facility in some ports. This paper, the authors analysed the second and the third master plan for national port development implemented in 2001 and 2011, and a revised plan in 2006, along with the amended predictions for container throughput. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the initial plan, and the current situation of South Korea＇s main container ports of Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek ＆ Dangjin was examined. Through the analysis of port vitalizations, we have examined the actual problems for the prediction of container throughput. Also, this research analysed the functional difference of each port and organized the function of each one discriminatively. Therefore, identifies the problems, which arise with making the container throughput forecasts, which is a fimdamental aspect of existing port development policy, and suggest a direction for future port development by synthesizing the results of analysis.

Policy Developments and Politics in Brazil： The Digital TV Decision-Making Process

Using an analytical narrative approach to understand policy change, this paper explores the Brazilian government decision to create a digital TV policy initiating major reforms in this sector. The analysis is centered on the actors, preferences, and choices. The article is divided into three parts： （1） We address the historical institutionalism assumptions; （2） We focus on the politics of digital TV policy in Brazil; and （3） The results are highlighted, and ＂winners＂ and ＂losers＂ are identified. Actors, preferences, and choices are historically observed and related to the government decision about rules of digital TV exploitation. It provides configurational evidence that makes it possible to associate major changes to two presidential decrees （n° 4.901/2003 and n° 5.820/2006） that reflect the preferences and behavior of the main actor （broadcasters, social movements, and federal government） around the new digital TV issues. The Brazilian case shows an institutional model in which federal government＇s decisions are strongly connected with the preferences of the actor broadcasters and goes against the actor social movements.

Evaluation of the Moderately Leading Development in China's Electric Power Industry

This article analyzes the importance of the moderately leading development in electric power industry, and the basic policy of the industry in China. It evaluates if the industry is appropriately developed ahead of other industries from the aspects of legal structuring, planning, electricity pricing mechanism, fixed assets investment, human resources, technological innovation and production and supply capacity etc., and proposes f ive recommendations.

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.

Analysis on Energy Development of China

The paper introduces the relationship between energy and economic development first, then, through analyzing the characters of energy consumption all over the world and the basic facts about China＇s energy resources, draws the conclusion that the energy and resources of China are hardly able to meet the national demands, and puts forward the policy orientation for China＇s energy development accordingly. At last, it points out the prospect of China＇s energy industry.

DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND STRATEGY OF THE AUTO INDUSTRY IN CHINA

During the Ninth Five-Year Plan Periodfrom 1996 to 2000,the developmentpolicy and strategy of China’s autoindustry is:based on Chinese-made partsand components to develop sedan cars andupgrade the product structure;giving firstplace to large groups for the promotion ofunited reorganization step by step and therealization of scale production

Changes in China's Regional Development Strategy and FDI Policy in Western Region

Chinahaswitnessedremarkableeconomicachievementssinceinitiatingitsreformandopening-uppolicyin1979.However,thewesternregion,coveringsome56percentofChina'sterritoryandaccountingfor50percentofveritieddepositsofmineralresources,hasnotenjoyedthesamedegreeo...

Targets & Policy Suggestions for Sustainable Development in Next 10 Years

This article is a detailed abstract of the strategic objectives and policy suggestions for China’s sustainable development in the national 10th Five-year Plan (2001-2005) and the decade-long National Scheme by 2010, proposed in a report on China’s current actualities by a joint research team on national conditions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University.

Implementing a More Positive Employment Policy and Promoting the Development of the Chinese Human Rights Cause

Human rights refer to the basic rights to which every person is entitled based on his or her nature and dignlty under certain social and historical circumstances. Simply put, the term means that everyone has the right to live and develop in a free and equal manner.

Natural resources deterioration,environmental degradation and sustainable resetlement in Southwest China

As a consequence of increased population growth and environmental degradation, a particular type of population mobility-environmental migration-has emerged in the Third World. In this paper environmental migration is defined and previous practices in some developing countries are reviewed. A case study of the Karst Region of Southwest China is used to illustrate the phenomenon, including root causes, restrictive factors, nature of the migration, desires of migrants, strategies of response and optional policies. It is argued that a comprehensive approach to the prevention of environmentally caused displacement should be developed.