User Interface Development Based on Ontologies

The user interface is a central component of any mo de rn application program. It determines how well end users accept, learn, and effi ciently work with the application program. The user interface is very difficult to design, to implement, to modify. It takes approximately 70% of the time requ ired for designing an application program. All the existing tools for user interface design can be divided into two basic c ategories-Interface Builders and Model-based Interface development tools, whic h trace their roots from user interface management systems. Interface Builders a re the most widespread and excellent to create layouts and manipulate widgets. H owever, Interface Builders have the follow demerits. An interface designed using Interface Builders can contain hundreds of procedures. Interface Builders give us no possibility to develop different pieces of the same interface separately. They do not help us in managing user tasks and can be used only by programmers. Model-based interface development tools have attracted a high degree of interes t in last few years. The basic premise of model based technology is that the interface development can be fully supported by declarative models of all user interface characteristics such as their presen tation, dialogue, domain of application etc, and then the user interface develop ment can be centered around such models. The high potential of this technology has not been realized yet. This fact has the following reasons. The known interface models are partial representations of interfaces. They cannot be readily modified by developers, and are not publicly available to the HCI community. The central ingredient for success in model-ba sed systems is a declarative, complete, versatile interface model that can expre ss a wide variety of interface designs. Therefore tool developers have to avoid the following disadvantages of current interface models: inflexibility, system- dependence, and incompleteness. The main idea to achieve these model character istics mention above is to use ontologies. This broadened interest in ontologies is based on the fact that they provide ma chine-understandable representation of semantics for information, and a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and across application systems. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchang e becomes the key issue in current computer technology. At the moment we are on the brink of the second Web generation called Semantic Web or Knowledgeable Web. Given the increasing amount of information available on-line, this kind of sup port is becoming more important day by day. The main idea of the proposed approach is to replace interface models by appropr iate ontologies. Some parts of these ontologies will be available from the Inter net; the other parts will be built by developers. As a result of the Semantic We b development we will have increasing the number of ontologies formally describe d in the Internet. The terminology and content of these ontologies will be inter nationally standardized. Reusing these ontologies will bring down the cost of de velopment and improve the quality of user interface. The parts of a user interface model are-a domain ontology model, a dialog ontol ogy model, presentation ontology model, "business- logic" variable ontology mod el and correspondences between these parts. Thus, the user interface development based on ontologies is an evolution of th e model-based approach, where appropriate ontologies are used instead of models .

Organization of pattern information in the pattern based software development:A POMSDP model

Foeused on the lack of proper organization for patterns in the development of pattern based software, a POMSDP model with layered tree structure for organizing patterns during the process of development was put torward. The model and its interrelated eoneepts were strictly defined and introduced by applying the theory of set, symbolie logic and pattern, which ensures the correctness, maturity and expansibility of the model. The expansibility of the model was discussed mainly. The basic realization and the application in the automatic query system were presented. Based on the existing software development methods, the POMSDP model resolves the problem of chaos in the application of patterns, strengthens the controllability of the system, and facilitates the improvement, maintenance, expansion, and especially the reengineering of the software system.

Development of a Single-Longitudinal-Mode Ho:YAG Laser Based on Corner Cube

We present a Tm-doped fiber laser pumped Fabry-Perot etalons Ho：YAG laser based on a corner cube. A maximum single-longitudinal-mode and fundamental transverse mode output power of 478 m W at the wavelength of 2091.06 nm is achieved with a pump power of 16.3 W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 2.9% and a slope efficiency of 7.9%. The single-longitudinal-mode and fundamental transverse mode are less sensitive to the rotating of the corner cube. The results indicate the potential impact of a single-longitudinal-mode Ho： YA G laser with corner cube geometry to improve the anti-maladjustment stability.

The Development of Gear Pump CAD/CAPP Based on Solid Works

Nowadays, many kinds of software, which have succes sf ully created the integration of CAD, CAPP and CAM, find their disadvantages in p ractical manufacturing. As a result, it is welcomed to develop small CAD/CAPP sy stems on a proper CAD platform, which aim at requirements of factories. Based on the one of the most popular three-dimensional design software SolidWorks, we successfully developed a set of gear pump CAD /CAPP software for Huaiyin Gene ral Factory of Mechanics. 1 The architecture and function of the software According to the need of the enterprises, the general structure of the software contain two subsystems, which are detailed as follows: · The gear pump CAD subsystem contains four main modules, including the optiona l design module of gear pump, module of part design, the module of entity modeli ng and the module of drawing which creates 2 D drawings of parts and assembly c orresponding 3 D modals. · The gear pump CAPP subsystem, which is a combination of creative mode and der ivate mode, also includes four modules, they are the module of access to feature s, the module of planning process route, the module of designing process sheets and the module of generating process documents. 2 The developing environment of the system Basing on Windows 98 and SolidWorks2001 platform, this system creates all functi ons by using Visual C++ 6.0 as developing tools. 3 The keys to the CAD/CAPP integration 3.1 The establishment of product information modal The information of parts is the basis of process planning. In this system, we us e feature modeling to describe the information of parts and assembly of gear pum p, and set up a fundamental basis for the whole system. The information module o f gear pump includes the information of both the assembly and the parts; the par t-describing module uses four-layer structure that is subassembly layer, part layer, feature layer and geometric layer. 3.2 The operation of the information on feature modeling After establishment of information mode of gear pump, the next key problem is ho w to transmit information of product to CAPP subsystem. In order to integrate pe rfectly, connecting CAD with CAPP directly can be a good method. In this system, all information of parts is store in the part drawing files, and the CAPP syste m can load these files to get information. The gear pumps, which are produced by Huaiyin General Factory of Mechanics, are usually belong to several similar typ es, and this means that most products possess large number of similar feature. T herefore, we can easily establish a specific feature for gear pump CAD/CAPP syst em. All parts are created by selecting these features and/or adding few special features. In the module of access to feature of CAPP subsystem, the main task is to find the features and the information will be easily got. 4 Conclusion This system successfully creates gear pump CAD/CAPP integration based on SolidWo rks. 3D CAD software provide more convenient platform for integration and will i nevitably become the mainstream of product design. By developing this system, we clearly realize the promising future of SolidWorks.

Optimization of fault management system in power plants based on DD-RCM and TPN

A method of optimizing the fault management system in power plants based on DD-RCM （resultchain based modeling for digital developing） and TPN （temporal Petri net） is proposed. First, the model of the fault management system was set using DD-RCM. Then, it was transformed to the temporal Petri net model by corresponding rules. Secondly, relationships among all the activities, such as choice, conflict, synchronization and concurrency, were confirmed according to the Petri net model and described employing the reengineering algorithm of incidence matrix. Thirdly, the Petri net model was reduced by combining reduction rules and conflict, synchronization relationships to optimize the fault management system in power plants. Finally, the functionality of the reduced net was proved by the temporal logic of the temporal Petri net.

Developing high-efficiency base editors by combining optimized synergistic core components with new types of nuclear localization signal peptide

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.

Software Reusability Classification and Predication Using Self-Organizing Map (SOM)

Due to rapid development in software industry, it was necessary to reduce time and efforts in the software development process. Software Reusability is an important measure that can be applied to improve software development and software quality. Reusability reduces time, effort, errors, and hence the overall cost of the development process. Reusability prediction models are established in the early stage of the system development cycle to support an early reusability assessment. In Object-Oriented systems, Reusability of software components (classes) can be obtained by investigating its metrics values. Analyzing software metric values can help to avoid developing components from scratch. In this paper, we use Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) metrics suite in order to identify the reuse level of object-oriented classes. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was used to cluster datasets of CK metrics values that were extracted from three different java-based systems. The goal was to find the relationship between CK metrics values and the reusability level of the class. The reusability level of the class was classified into three main categorizes (High Reusable, Medium Reusable and Low Reusable). The clustering was based on metrics threshold values that were used to achieve the experiments. The proposed methodology succeeds in classifying classes to their reusability level (High Reusable, Medium Reusable and Low Reusable). The experiments show how SOM can be applied on software CK metrics with different sizes of SOM grids to provide different levels of metrics details. The results show that Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT) and Number of Children (NOC) metrics dominated the clustering process, so these two metrics were discarded from the experiments to achieve a successful clustering. The most efficient SOM topology [2 × 2] grid size is used to predict the reusability of classes.

Structured Development Environment Based on the Object-Oriented Concepts

The object oriented software development is a kind of promising software methodology and leading to a wholly new way for solving problems. In the research on the rapid construction of Structured Development Envi- ronment (SDE)that supports detailed design and coding in software development, a generator that can gener- ate the SDE has been applied as a metatool. The kernel of SDE is a syntax-directed editor based on the ob- ject-oriented concepts. The key issue in the design of SDE is how to represent the elements of target language with the class concept and a program internally. In this paper, the key concepts and design of the SDE and its generator as well as the implementation of a prototype are to be discussed.

Revolutionary Base Spurs Development

MAO Zedong’s Autumn Harvest Uprising spurred not only revolution but development and innovation among the masses. In October 1927, Mao Zedong led troops to Jinggang Mountain, establishing the first revolutionary base. During the 1960s, many young people went to work at Jinggang Mountain and devoted their youth to this revolutionary base. The open-minded and shrewd

Developing an identities-based approach to support more robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and management

Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought.However,on a conceptual and practical level,resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage,and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components.This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fll these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters.We frst review the literature and policy documents to defne and identify the potential for identities-based approaches.We then examine the case of Matera,an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience.We explore the trends and efects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns,largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange.Through this comparison,we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.