Intellectual Property Protection and New Development Pattern Construction of Xinjiang Jujube

"Three new developments"is the guiding ideology of Chinese-style high-quality development in the new era.Jujube(Zizyphus jujube Mill.)is a plant of Zizyphus of Rhamnaceae,which originated in China and has been listed as one of the"five fruits"since ancient times.Xinjiang is the most important jujube producing area in China,and its yield has accounted for 50%of the national jujube yield.In the five prefectures and cities of southern Xinjiang,as well as the regimental farms of southern and eastern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the jujube industry is an advantageous characteristic industry in agriculture.This paper studied Xinjiang jujube industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources,analyzed six major issues to be further implemented,such as the"three new developments"thinking and the strategy of building an intellectual property power,and puts forward eight strategies such as coordinating the two markets and two resources to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and dual circulation of jujube.

Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

NEW DEVELOPMENT PATTERN AND COORDINATION WITH ENVIRONMENT FOR GREAT SHANGHAI

The urban construction of Shanghai will come into a new area since China has deciared to exploit and open Pudong. Based on the analysis on economic development of China and the world, the developmental strategy for Shanghai should take the following contents into consideration: 1) Shanghai should be built into one of the most important intemational and modern supercity in Asian-Pacifie Region. 2) Shanghai should keep the position of the largest economic center of China and important port city for international trade. 3) Shanghai should be taken as growth pole of the Changjiang River Delta. According to the considderations mentioned above, the spatial distribution patten and the management of environment are discassed.

Demand-Side Reform:A New Mission to Promote the Dual Circulation Development Pattern

Beginning with increasing effective demand,thedemand-sidereformadvocates for the strategy to expand domestic demand,rectifies distortions in the demand structure,and further aligns demand and supply by reforming the mechanisms for demand formation and regulation,matching supply and demand structures,and easing restrictions on demand.This will enhance economic growth potential and operational efficiency.The demandside reform contributes to developing a super-large-scale market and optimize market functions to form a unified national market.It also helps address significant structural distortions within domestic circulation and move faster to form a new development pattern of dual circulation.As demand-side reform inevitably deals with the vested interests of stakeholders,it presents challenges on par with supplyside structural reform.Therefore,due attention must be given in terms of priority and weight by increasing operational and property household income,transforming governmentt functions,rectifying any excessive market-orientedreforms in certain public service sectors,among others.

Demand-Side Reform under the New Development Pattern:Theoretical Connotations,Bottlenecks and Implementation Approaches

In recent years,the changes in the external environment and domestic development conditions have promoted the transformation of China's economy to one dominated by domestic circulation.In December 2020,the Communist Party of China Central Committee put forward the demand-side reform for the first time in order to prepare China for the new development stage of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)and to promote the new strategic deployment of China's high-quality development.Based on the paths and direction of the current 14thFive-YearPlan(2021-2015)tobuild a new development pattern,this paper elaborates on the theoretical connotations of the demand-side reform,points out the bottlenecks such as the unreasonable demand structure in China,the mismatch between the industrial system and the high-level demand,the resulting demand spillovers,the poor demand channels,and puts forward the current approaches to thedemand-sideereform in China.

Research on the Scientific Connotation of New Development Pattern

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on building the new development pattern is an important theoretical viewpoint of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.The theory is to understand and reveal the objective law of the development of things,which requires us to use the theoretical method of economics to demonstrate the understanding and grasp of the objective law of the economy.The ideological source of the important exposition on new development pattern can only be explored in Marxist theory.Marx’s surplus value theory is based on an analysis of the economic cycle of capitalist domestic production,distribution,circulation and consumption,and reveals the general law of socialized mass production.The important exposition on the new development pattern is precisely the application,innovation and development of this scientific principle under the condition of socialist economy.Scholars should not examine,understand or explain the objective requirement of“taking the domestic market as the mainstay”from the perspective of“dependence on foreign trade”.An empirical study on the contribution of China’s three major demands to economic growth shows that the important judgment on the new development pattern not only reveals the basic characteristics of China’s economic development,but also points out its future trend.That“domestic and overseas markets reinforce each other”is not only a summary of China’s historical practice in its economic interaction with the rest of the world,but also denies the one-sided theoretical viewpoint in Western mainstream international economics,and reveals the objective law of the dynamic balance between China and the open world economy on the basis of pluralistic balance.The important exposition on the new development pattern also contains the main contents of how to implement the new development philosophy and deepen the reform inevitable in building a modern socialist country in the new development stage.It is the theoretical cornerstone of the guilding ideology of deepening reform.

Accelerating the Construction of New Development Pattern and the Paths of Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading

This paper reviews the basic implications and policy orientation of the new development pattern and the impacts of constructing the new development pattern on the manufacturing transformation and upgrading,based on which the choice of manufacturing transformation and upgrading paths is further discussed under the new development pattern.This paper holds that the paths of manufacturing transformation and upgrading need to be adjusted and expanded under the conditions of constructing the new development pattern.The main ideas are as follows.Restructuring the manufacturing industry chain with the large domestic market as the main guide,creating the good environment conducive to independent innovation,coordinating the regional layout for the overall high-quality manufacturing development,optimizing the business environment and enhancing the vitality and driving force of the manufacturing’s development,relying on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)for a higher level of international circulation.The theoretical bases for adjusting and expanding the paths of manufacturing transformation and upgrading are:embracing the new requirements with domestic circulation as the mainstay,the characteristics with the mutual reinforcement of domestic and international circulations,and promoting the manufacturing’s high-quality development and the medium and high-speed growth.

Promoting the Integration of China’s Tourism Industry into the New Development Pattern with Dual Circulation

Tourism is increasingly prominent for economic and social development,both as a strategic pillar industry of national economy and as a modern service industry that satisfies people’s aspirations for a better life.This paper probes into tourism development and opening up from the perspective of the new development pattern with dual circulation,which is of practical implications for the tourism development.Balancedly developing domestic and inbound and outbound tourism-accelerating domestic tourism,expanding inbound tourism,and regulating outbound tourism-is an important way for tourism integrating into the new development pattern.For this point,it is essential to fully play the decisive role of market mechanisms and better play the regulatory role of the government.Multiple measures should be taken for the rapid,high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and for the mutual promotion of domestic and international tourism,so as to lay the foundation for making China to be a world tourism power.

Theoretical Logic and Empirical Facts of Consumption Structure Upgrade and Domestic Value Chain Circulation under the New Development Pattern

Under the new development pattern,this paper explores the characteristic tendencies and intergenerational changes of consumption structure upgrade(CSU)as well as the theoretical logic and empirical paradigm affecting the domestic value chain circulation.This paper constructs a region-industry decomposition framework for domestic value chain circulation based on backward demand to explore the impact of CSU on domestic value chain circulation.The results show that:first,CSU can optimize the structure of domestic value chain circulation and strengthen inter-regional value chain linkage;second,CSU promotes domestic value chain circulation through innovation drive,resource optimization and industrial coupling;finally,the domestic value chain circulation effect caused by CSU may be constrained by market segmentation,and accelerating regional economic integration across a country can help build up the main position of domestic value chain.

Make Coordinated Efforts to Advance the Building of Modern Circulation System in the Context of the New Development Pattern

The circulation system links production and consumption.It is not only the basis on which the new development pattern is built but also an important guarantee for achieving domestic circulation.During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,improving the modern circulation system is essential for ensuring unimpeded domestic circulation and supporting high-quality economic development.This paper expounds on the new changes of and requirements on the circulation system under new circumstances,summarizes the current situation of the circulation system,analyzes the problems and challenges that the circulation system is faced with according to new requirements,and makes recommendations and puts forward main measures in a targeted way,so as to provide references for promoting coordinated development of the modern circulation system.

Causes of China’s current economic development pattern

At the beginning of the 21st century,China’s economy entered a period of rapid growth and current economic development pattern was formed.Despite the rapid growth of the economy,the current development pattern has caused divergence from the aim of development,stagnation of the means of development,and distortion of the drivers of development.The cause of the current economic development pattern is one where market-oriented reforms are pushing local governments to shift roles from profit entities to market entities,but local governments are failing to undertake the responsibilities of the market and have been exceeding their authority,ignoring their roles,or misplacing their efforts for some time.If the current economic development pattern is not changed,China could either fall into the“middle-income trap”or the“resource-exhaustion trap.”

BEARING IN MIND MEGATREND FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT AGAINST CHANGING INTERNATIONAL PATTERN

Uncertainties in the International Situation Are on the Increase and Transformation of International Pattern and Order Accelerates and Deepens Since 2016,the world has begun to enter into a historical period of uncertainty.The fact that the Ukrainian Crisis has dragged on for long and that

Consumption Pattern of Carotene Rich Foods and Development of a Year Calendar

Consumption pattern of beta carotene rich foods from 500 households of Coimbatore district was elicited. Through market surveys in four seasons namely: summer, south-west monsoon, north-east monsoon and winter, a year calendar of beta carotene rich foods was developed. The total and beta carotene contents of five commonly consumed beta carotene rich foods both in raw and cooked states were determined. Results indicated that greens were mainly purchased from market and consumed 2-3 times per week. Cooking loss was maximum in boiling and minimum in shallow fat frying. Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii),amaranth tender (Amaranthus gangeticus), agathi (Sesbania grandopra), and ponnanganni (Alternanthera sessilis) were the carotene rich foods available round the year. Cost of most greens was highest in summer and lowest in north-east monsoon. Within a cost of 13-14 ps in summer, 4-10 ps in south-west monsoon and north-west monsoon and 4-12 ps in winter season, the entire day's requirement of beta carotene (2400μg) could be obtained in the form of agathi/amaranth throughout the year: in the form of drumstick leaves and mint in south-west monsoon; as curry leaves and coriander leaves in winter and as agathi,paruppukeerai and amaranth in summer. From this year calendar, according to seasonal availability and cost, low-cost high carotene foods can be selected and used for increasing the beta carotene intake in the intervention programmes and in the community

Establish Green Industry System,Improve the Comprehensive Utilization Level of Salt Lake Resources,and Create A New Pattern of Green Sustainable Development in Qaidam Basin

Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The

APPEARANCE PATTERN OF TOOTH GERMS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS IN MYLOPHARYNGODON PICEUS

The pharyngeal dental formula of Mylopharyngodon piceus is 4-5 as a rule, and the dentition isasymmetrical. It is difficult to identify each tooth in the larval dentition. In this paper the appearancepattem of tooth germ with developmental process in this fish is described in detail. The formationpattern of the left dentition is contrasted with that of the right one. In the developmental process,the left pharyngeal dentition lacks teeth at position An3. Thus the left dentition is D-type as designatedby Nakajima(1984), while the right one is A-type.

Quantitative division of succession and spatial patterns among different stand developmental stages in Changbai Mountains

Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understanding the ecological process of restored vegetation is quite important for ecosystem reconstruction. Distinguishing stand development stages and analyzing the dynamic spatial patterns could provide insights into significant community coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, eight permanent study areas were established according to the substituting space for time method in Changbai Mountains of north-eastern China. The optimal division method was used to quantify the successional series into different stand development stages, and the point pattern analysis method(L(r) function) was used to analyse the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations. Our results suggested that:(1) The stand development process was divided into five stages: the first three stages were poplar-birch secondary forests in different stages of recovery, the fourth stage was thespruce-fir mixed forest, and the last stage was the primary broadleaf-Korean pine forest;(2) The spatial pattern showed an aggregated distribution at a small scale and changed to a random distribution as the scale increased in poplar-birch secondary forests, but the spatial pattern appeared to be randomly distributed in spruce-fir mixed forest and broadleafKorean pine forest;(3) The interspecific associations between pioneer species and climax species changed from negative to positive among the different stand stages, and environmental resources were shared among these species. Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among the tree species were key determinants of forest dynamics and structure. Our study is vital to the understanding of the forest development;thus, the spatial change features should receive greater attention when forest management is being planned and restoration strategies are being developed for the Changbai Mountains.

Reporting Children’s Development below the Test Floor: Looking Back and Forth to Describe Individual Strengths and Needs

The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners requested advice on the reporting of children’s development below the floor of the test, so that individual strengths and needs can be described. This paper reports the third phase of research following an earlier Scoping Review and a wider literature review. To confirm quality control, Phase 3 was conducted in a retrospective manner using the same methodology as the earlier phases but in a reverse direction. Peer reviewer comments and key elements from the Scoping Review and keywords from the publications were tabulated. Data analysis included a change of perspective to that of the child and their individual rights with respect to the literature themes already described in Phase 2. These confirmed that there is little specific guidance in the literature, but that computational advances for homogeneous populations and especially disaggregated data offer some solutions. A greater balance between broad biopsychosocial models and standardised models of assessment should be sought by practitioners together with the use of disaggregated data to highlight issues that pertain to individual subsets of results. This will ensure that the child’s right for their individual strengths and needs to be described together with a plan for management, may be met.

中华按蚊CCE家族基因的表达模式分析

【目的】羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterases,CCEs)是一类重要的水解酶超家族,参与昆虫体内各种外源物质的代谢过程。本研究利用不同发育阶段、不同组织和吸血前后中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis的转录组数据分析CCE基因表达模式,为进一步研究CCEs在不同生理过程中的潜在功能奠定基础。【方法】以前期从中华按蚊实验室品系转录组数据库中筛选出的50个CCE基因,利用生物信息学分析其在中华按蚊不同发育阶段(卵、1-4龄幼虫、雄蛹、雌蛹、雄成蚊和雌成蚊)、成蚊不同组织(触角、唾液腺、中肠、马氏管、精巢、卵巢、表皮和脂肪体)中以及雌成蚊吸血前和吸血后不同时间(1,3,6,12,24和48 h)的表达模式。【结果】CCE基因主要在幼虫或成蚊阶段高表达或特异性表达;AsAe12,AsAe4和AsBe4在所有发育阶段均高表达。CCE基因的表达具有组织特异性,主要集中在成蚊触角、表皮和精巢中表达;此外,5个CCE基因(AsAe13,AsAe12,AsAe6,AsAe4和AsBe4)在成蚊中肠、马氏管和脂肪体中均高表达,可能与这些解毒器官代谢异生物有关。在雌成蚊吸血后,大多数CCE基因的表达量发生了变化,它们的表达模式也存在差异,这表明血液消化是一个复杂的过程。【结论】本研究结果丰富了中华按蚊CCE基因的知识,为深入探究CCE家族基因在中华按蚊生长发育中的的潜在功能提供有价值的参考。

浅谈金安区中生界地层地质灾害发育规律

安徽六安市金安区地质灾害分布于低山丘陵区,而低山丘陵区的主要出露多为中生界地层。对中生界地层地质灾害发育规律进行研究,有利于提高居民对金安区地质灾害的认识,为区域地质灾害的预防与治理提供基础依据。通过收集金安区地质灾害发育基础资料,对研究区中生界地层中发育地质灾害分布情况统计,分析其孕灾地质条件、形成机理与成灾模式,并提出防治措施建议。结果认为:(1)金安区现有地质灾害点32处,其中21处灾害点发育于中生界地层,占灾害点总数的65.63%,其中滑坡17处,崩塌4处,金安区灾害点有一半以上分布于中生界地层中。(2)区内灾害点的治理措施及工艺相对成熟,以“减载工程+支挡工程+排水工程”与“减载工程+防护工程+排水工程”为主;(3)该地层中地质灾害主要受地形地貌、工程地质岩组等控制。金安区中生界地层中仅存在发育滑坡与崩塌地质灾害,两种地质灾害的破坏模式有所不同,滑坡地质灾害破坏模式多为突滑+毁伤模式,崩塌灾害成灾模式主要为滑移或倾倒+毁伤模式和崩落+毁伤模式。(4)结合既有治理区的工程经验及本次研究成果,认为通过加强切坡建房中的防护,做好切坡后相应的排水措施,完善排水系统;对坡面采用植被护坡、种草籽、喷浆等手段,可达到护坡的作用。研究结论对同类型切坡建房灾害的防治可提供一定的指导和借鉴意义。