STRESSING THE PILOT RESEARCH FOR THE NATIONAL S&T DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGY

How to put forward advisory suggestions regarded as feasible, workable and acceptable by the State leaders through the integration of the goodwill cherished by our scientists with the blueprint masterminded by the hosts of various R&D projects? It seems to me a problem worthy of our serious consideration. Here I would like to suggest that under the leading group of national S&T affairs, a new organ functionally similar to the State R&D Center be set up. Acting as a counselling team to the group, it must be small in payroll and include by strategists spe-

Research on the Countermeasures for the Development of Biopharmaceutical Industrial Parks in China

Objective To systematically analyze the current development status of biopharmaceutical industrial park in China,sort out the problems and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to find out the problems faced by the development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks in China.Results and Conclusion Biopharmaceutical industrial parks are developing rapidly due to their unique industrial clustering advantages,but there are problems such as lack of overall planning at the top level,insufficient government support,imperfect talent support services and weak innovation capacity of the parks.It is recommended to promote the rapid development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks and biopharmaceutical enterprises by strengthening top-level design,increasing government support,focusing on talent introduction,and enhancing the innovative strength of the parks.

Developability assessment of the therapeutic antibodies studies: are they druggable?

In recent years,with the continuous development of biotechnology and medical science and technology,therapeutic antibodies,as new biologics,have shown great potential and have become a research hotspot in the fields of oncology,autoimmune diseases,cardiovascular and neuroscience.Therapeutic antibodies refer to drugs or therapeutic methods for the treatment of diseases with specificity,high affinity and high efficiency antibody molecules prepared by biotechnological means.In this paper,we will systematically review the types of therapeutic antibodies,research progress,problems in research and development,mechanisms of action,and challenges faced in clinical applications.

Analytic Hierarchy Process for Technological Risks in the Process of Innovative Drug Development in China

Objective To identify the critical risks in the process of innovative drug research and development,and to provide reference for improving the efficiency of innovative drug development and risk control in China.Methods Expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weights of different risks.Results and Conclusion The research and analysis results showed that the risks at different stages of development had different effects on the success rate of drug development,among which the risk at the drug discovery stage influenced the most.In the drug discovery stage,inappropriate target selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development.The lack of appropriate cell tissue or animal models had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from the discovery of a compound to the application for clinical trials.The difference in changes between nonclinical and clinical studies had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from early clinical studies to pivotal clinical studies.Incorrect dose selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from pivotal clinical studies to marketing authorization applications.The biggest impact from the marketing authorization application to the approval stage was inadequate communication with regulators.After investigating the weight of risk factors in the process of innovative drug development based on scientific methods,a new perspective for the risk control of new drug development and improving the research and development efficiency is provided.

Progress in Research and Development of Refractory Oxide-Nonoxide Composites

Some of the progress made in our laboratories in collaboration with industry in research and development work on high performance oxide-nonoxide composites for metallurgical applications has been reviewed. （1） SiAlON bonded corundum composites for blast furnace usage have been produced by reduction-nitridation sinte-ring at high temperature, using bauxite instead of alu-mina in the matrix. （2） Low carbon Al2O3 - SiAlON slide plate materials successfully used in high quality steel continuous casting have been developed in which most or all of the graphite in Al2O3 - C brick is replaced by bauxite-based β-SiAlON. （3） A1/Si metal bonded A12 03 - C material characterized by low carbon content, low firing temperature and in-situ formation of carbides and nitrides at high temperature during service are found to possess very high hot strength and very good thermal shock resistance and have also been successfully used as slide plates in ladles and tundishes for high quality steel casting.

SESAR:The Past,Present,and Future of European Air Traffic Management Research

The Single European Sky Air Traffic management(ATM)Research(SESAR)project is the technological pillar of the European Commission’s Single European Sky Initiative to modernize ATM.Here,we describe the process of establishing SESAR and the main parts of the project:the research and development(R&D)part,which is led by the SESAR Joint Undertaking;the deployment part,which is managed by the SESAR Deployment Manager;and the European ATM Master Plan,which collects and lays out both the R&D and deployment needs.The latest European ATM Master Plan was adopted just prior to the current pandemic.The huge loss in air traffic due to the pandemic,and the speed of the recovery of the aviation industry will require reprioritization,but the main elements that have been established-particularly those in support of the environment-remain valid.

Research and development of deepwater offshore linepipe of Baosteel UOE SAWL X70 of heavy wall thickness and large diameter

Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co.,Ltd., （referred to as Baosteel） in China first succeeded in developing the U-ing-O- ing-Expanding （UOE） longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes （SAWLs） offshore linepipe of a maximum thickness/ outside diameter （T/D） 0.042 in 2011. Described in this paper is the research and development of the X70 UOE SAWL pipes by the company. The result shows that the said X70 linepipe has been in compliance with relevant requirements as specified in Specifications DNV-OS-F101 ,and has been successfully used in the South China Sea deepwater gas pipeline project.

Hot spots and future directions of research on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine

Calcium antagonists are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease because of their vascular and neuroprotective effects. Nimodipine, a typical calcium antagonist, can cross the blood-brain barrier and act selectively at neurons and blood vessels of target tis-sues, thus exerting neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to explore the hot spots and future trends of research on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine. We retrieved 425 articles on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine that were indexed in the Web of the Science database between 2000 and 2014. The retrieved articles were analyzed using document analysis reporting and the derived information function in the Web of Science, and the infor-mation visualization software CiteSpace III. The reference co-citation network was plotted, and the high frequency key words in these publications were used to analyze the research fronts and development trends for nimodipine neuroprotection. According to these co-citation clusters, the research front of nimodipine neuroprotection is the use of randomized controlled trials to study nimodipine intervention of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using time zone view analysis on hot spots labeled with a key word, the areas of interest in the ifeld of nimodipine neuroprotection are nimodipine pharmacology and therapeutics, blood-brain barrier, trials, and anti-angiospasm.

Progress and Problems of Development Research and Application of Sand Barriers

Due to the restrictions on the conditions for afforestation and sand control,the development research,and application of sand barriers have accelerated in recent years,but some problems that cannot be ignored have emerged in practice. In this paper,the functions of wind prevention,sand blocking and fixation,improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing plant diversity of sand barriers,accretion coefficient and capacity between sand barriers,and mobile sand barriers were analyzed firstly,and then several issues that should be noted in the development and application of sand barriers were proposed. The results show that sand barriers can fix sand on the spot and maintain the stability of sand surface. As an auxiliary measure before afforestation on a mobile sand surface,they are practical and feasible. The biggest drawback of sand barriers is that they are easy to be saturated. Although they can increase plant diversity and surface roughness,they lose the function of blocking sand flow after being saturated,and their function of in-situ sand fixation also rapidly decreases with the degradation of sand barriers. Mobile sand barriers overcome the disadvantage of sand barriers being easy to be saturated to some extent,but the cost greatly increases. In terms of desertification prevention and control by plants,plants are used as sand barriers to study their functions of sand blocking and sand fixation in many researches and practices,but the more important ecological functions of adjusting temperature on sand surface and achieving surface thermodynamic equilibrium of plants are ignored.

Impact of systems modelling on agronomic research and adoption of new practices in smallholder agriculture

An analysis of the impact of simulation modelling in three diverse crop-livestock improvement projects in Agricultural Research for Development（AR4D） reveals benefits across a range of aspects including identification of objectives, design and implementation of experimental programs, effectiveness of participatory research with smallholder farmers, implementation of system change and scaling-out of results.In planning change, farmers must consider complex interactions within both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects of their crop and animal production activities.For this, whole-farm models that include household models of food, workload and financial requirements have the most utility and impact.The analysis also proposes improvements in design and implementation of AR4 D projects to improve the utility of simulation modelling for securing positive agronomic and livestock outcomes and lasting legacies.

Virtual reality research and development in NTU

In 1981,Nanyang Technological Institute was established in Singapore to train engineers and accountants to keep up with the fast-growing economy of the country.In 1991,the institute was upgraded to Nanyang Technological University(NTU).NTU holds the rank for world's top young university for six consecutive years according to the Quacquarelli Symonds(QS)world university ranking.Virtual Reality(VR)research began in NTU in the late 1990s.NTU's colleges,schools,institutes,and centers have contributed toward the excellence of VR research.This article briefly describes the VR research directions and activities in NTU.

Development of Fundamental Research of SiC_w / Al Composites in HIT Part Ⅱ: Mechanical Behaviour of Squeeze-cast SiC_w / Al Composites

Studies on the mechanical behaviour of squeeze-cast SiCw / Al composites have been revjewed. The results show that SiCw / Al composites exhibit improved mechan ical properties and cyclic hard ening. The reasons leading to the above results are discussed. Localized deformation near SiC whiskers plays an important role in the initiation of microcracks in the composites, and the fracture of the composites is caused by the abrupt linking of microcracks

Current Status of Material Research and Development in CISRI

The full name of CISRI is Central Iron&Steel Research Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry in China.It is the largest institute of metallurgical process research in China(the word"large"here refers to various fields,large personnel and many research projects).It includes ironmaking,steel-making,cold and hot processing of steel,metallic product,ferroalloy,refractory,automatic metallurgy control,design

Occupational Therapy in Cancer Survivorship—A Toolkit for Stimulating Rapid-Research on the Neglected Domain of “Participation” during COVID-19

COVID-19 has disrupted people’s occupational daily activities with detrimental impact on their daily living performances and quality of life. Occupational therapy contributes toward restoring health by remediating limitation in participation in meaningful occupation with lifestyle redesign interventions. However, the research gap on the area of “participation-limitation” for the field of Occupational Therapy in cancer survivorship during the COVID-19 is largely untapped and unknown. This commentary-review paper discussed the PEO-OT (person-environment-occupation) grid as a conceptual toolkit for stimulating research in the domain of occupational participation—an essential aspect in the field of occupational therapy, for cancer survivors. It applies the expertise finding from a large Delphi study on research priority in the fields and integrating these into evidenced methodology, to provide a structure to guide the novice researchers towards rapid reviews, by selecting evidence-based methods to ensure contextually-relevant enquiry to identify the “occupational-participation issues”—i.e., an emerging social determinant of health, affecting the daily self-management of cancer survivors with or without comorbidities.

Research and Development of New Broadband Wireless Access System

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization of the BWA system,which calls for typical service models,key technology innovations and backbone support from broadband Internet. This article introduces a Broadband Wireless Multimedia (BWM) access system. It aims to build a new-type "triple play" BWA network by integrating terrestrial digital TV system and the BWA system,and by taking broadband Internet as its core network platform. A primary research shows that the new BWA system is an effective solution to the existing difficulties of BWA system. Moreover,it is quite competitive in service provision,service coverage,frequency planning,terminal power consumption and cost for network construction.

Research on the Origin and Development of Gas Volleyball under the Background of National Fitness

Since the promulgation of the Outline of the National Fitness Program,vigorously developing mass sports and fitness activities has always been its top priority.Promoting and developing a variety of mass sports and fitness activities and improving the physical quality of the people throughout the country is the goal of achieving the national fitness program.Gas volleyball is a mass sports that integrates fitness,leisure and entertainment.It is not limited by age,gender,physical condition and technical level.It is a combination of ornamental,entertaining,competitive and fitness.Innovative sports programs are a sport that is popular among the masses.This paper analyzes the origin and development of gas volleyball through literature and mathematical statistics,promotes the popularization and development of gas volleyball,and makes more people love and participate in this sport.It is of great significance to develop social culture and improve the physical fitness of the whole people.

Cotton Research and Development at Institute for Agricultural Research,Samaru,Nigeria

The Institute for Agricultural Research,Samaru,has the national mandate for genetic improvement and development of production technologies for cotton,maize,sorghum,cowpea,groundnut,

Why run 16 research and development centers in 3 continents? Wouldn't one do?

We keep about 16,000 engineers on the ground across three continents to hear and understand your customers’ demands.

Overview of Research and Development for Anticancer Drugs

Anticancer drugs research and development have been the largest market area in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of project, clinical trials and spending. In the last 10 - 30 years, targeting therapy for cancers has been developed and achieved enormous clinical effectiveness by transforming some previously deadly malignancies into chronically manageable conditions, but cure problem still remains. This mini review outlined the current status of anticancer drugs development and hinted the opinions of how to further increase the accuracy and efficacy of discovery for cancer treatment.