Dextrose in the banked blood products does not seem to affect the blood glucose levels in patients undergoing liver transplantation

AIM: Hyperglycemia commonly seen in liver transplantation (LT) has often been attributed to the dextrose in the storage solution of blood transfusion products. The purpose of the study is to compare the changes of the blood glucose levels in transfused and non-transfused patients during LT. METHODS: A retrospective study on 60 biliary pediatric patients and 16 adult patients undergoing LT was carried out. Transfused pediatric patients were included in Group Ⅰ (GⅠ), those not transfused in Group Ⅱ (GⅡ). Twelve adult patients were not given transfusion and assigned to Group Ⅲ(GⅢ); whereas, four adult patients who received massive transfusion were assigned to Group Ⅳ (GⅣ). The blood glucose levels, volume of blood transfused, and the volume of crystalloid infused were recorded, compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Results showed that the changes in blood glucose levels during LT for both non-transfused and minimally transfused pediatric groups and non-transfused and massively-transfused adult groups were almost the same. CONCLUSION: We conclude that blood transfusion does not cause significant changes in the blood glucose levels in this study.

Intracavity biosensor based on the Nd:YAG waveguide laser: tumor cells and dextrose solutions

This work demonstrates the Nd:YAG waveguide laser as an efficient platform for the bio-sensing of dextrose solutions and tumor cells. The waveguide was fabricated in an Nd:YAG crystal with the cooperation of ultrafast laser writing and ion irradiation. The laser oscillation in the Nd:YAG waveguide is ultrasensitive to the external environment of the waveguide. Even a weak disturbance leads to a large variation of the output power of the laser.According to this feature, an Nd:YAG waveguide coated with graphene and WSe_2 layers is used as substrate for the microfluidic channel. When the microflow crosses the Nd:YAG waveguide, the laser oscillation in the waveguide is disturbed and induces fluctuation of the output laser. According to the fluctuation, the microflow is detected with a sensitivity of 10 mW/RIU.

Endoscopic therapy of colorectal anastomotic hematoma with hypertonic dextrose

Anastomotic dehiscence and leak are dreaded complications after a colorectal resection and can often present with rectal bleeding and pelvic abscess or sepsis.Although most cases of bleeding after gastrointestinal anastomoses are minor and self-limited,major bleeding,as defined by hemodynamic instability or the need for blood transfusions,poses a significant challenge for management.Here we report a case in which a patient presenting with profuse rectal bleeding and pelvic hematoma secondary to a colorectal anastomotic leak was treated endoscopically with 50%dextrose spray then enema.

Prolotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders, Guideline for Orthopedic Application

Purpose: Prolotherapy is a therapeutic method that involves injecting an irritant substance into injured areas of tendons, ligaments, and articular spaces. It has a wide application in orthopedic fields, including arthritis, tendinopathies, and back pain. Protocol of injection varies extensively based on the pathological condition. This review aims to discuss orthopedic applications of prolotherapy and its related outcomes, intending to introduce more specific injection protocols in each field. Methods: In a narrative review of literature, various musculoskeletal indications and contraindications of prolotherapy, as well as the method and location of injection, solution type, procedure intervals and frequencies, outcomes and side effects are investigated to reveal all aspects of the current knowledge about this new approach. Results: Chronic back pain, osteoarthritis, and tendinopathies are considered the most common indications for prolotherapy. Protocol of injection varies from one condition to another. The actual concentration of administered dextrose ranges from 12.5% to 25%. Results of the different studies indicate that prolotherapy could have a pleasing effect on improving patient’s pain and functional outcomes. No severe complication has been mentioned in previous investigations. Conclusion: Prolotherapy is a new therapeutic option that can be suggested as an effective method in recalcitrant musculoskeletal conditions.

Hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion in postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients

AIM:To investigate the use of lipid emulsion substitutingfor glucose in postoperative hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition (HPPN).METHODS:This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 20 postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients. They were randomized and equally divided into interventional group and control group, and both were administered isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with for lipid emulsion substituting for partial glucose loads in the interventional group.RESULTS: Nutritional parameters and biochemical data were compared between the two groups before and after 6-d of HPPN. Most investigated variables showed no significant changes after administration of HPPN with lipid emulsion. However, the postoperative triglyceride level was significantly lower in the interventional group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with lipid emulsion, glucose administration resulted in less decrease in postoperative prealbumin level (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: In addition to supplementing with essential fatty acid, it seems that HPPN with lipid emulsion is well-tolerated and beneficial to postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Tancheng－Lujiang Fault System： Its Characters and Control on Oil－Gas Distribution in Eastern China

Tancbeng-Lujiang fault system is one of the largest strike-slip fault systems in eastern Asia.It extends southward to Beibuwan Bay to the west of Hainan Island and northward through Lujiang of Anhui Province, Tancheng of Shandong Province and Luobei of Heilongjiang Province in China to the territory of Russia. Its formation is related to the subduction of Kula-Pacific plate to the Asian continent. It is oriented approximately parallel to the eastern edge of Asia. It is dominated by the sinistral translation from Jurassic to Eocene and then by dextrose strike-slip. It has the following characters: (1)clear linear character; (2)sharp dip angle, usually changing between normal and reverse faults; (3)showing braided structure on the plan and flower structure in section;(4)alternated by uplifts and sags along the fault belt; (5)many stages of the eruptions of alkaline to calc-alkaline basalt magma along the fault belt; and (6) frequent activities of earthquakes along the fault belt. Its control over the oil-gas distribution is shown by the following racts: (1) the formation of many oil-bearing fault depressions; (2) the increase of the basin area it has passed through, thus increasing the basin's subsiding quantity and the oil reservoirs; and (3)the formation of many kinds of oil-gas trap structures.

Directional Breeding of High Itaconic Acid Yielding Strain of <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>with a New Plate Technique

Itaconic acid is commercially produced by the cultivation of Aspergillus terreus using starch hydrolysate as carbon source. The degree of hydrolysis had a great influence on itaconic acid production which was suitable when corn starch was saccharified at 35 DE. The α-amylase was sufficient to drive the starch hydrolysis to the degree. The agar plate assay with LiCl treatment provided a rapid, simple and unequivocal method for screening large numbers of colonies for itaconic acid producing strains. It was learned by experience that the strains on the plates with thick hyphae and light-colored spores often accompanied high itaconic acid production. A strain, designated Ast165, producing itaconic acid with a high yield, was successfully obtained by directional breeding of metabolic end products resistant strains. The itaconic acid concentration produced by Ast165 was 53.8 g/l from 100 g/l of starch hydrolysate in shake flasks. The conversion rate was 61.3%, which was the highest value found in tests.

Management of Musculoskeletal Pain

Musculoskeletal pain is a distressing, unpleasant feeling and an emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Prolotherapy is an injection therapy designed to stimulate tissue healing. Lyftogt PIT （perineural injection therapy） treats the neurogenic inflammation. Therefore it stops the pain and promotes the release of NGFs （nerve growth factors） which are important for tissue regeneration. Vitamin D3 receptors are ubiquitous in tissue distribution, which opens the possibility for unforeseen biological functions of vitamin D endocrine system. Dextrose is the most commonly used tissue proliferant in prolotherapy. It has different ways of action aiming to stimulate the tissue regeneration. Platelet Rich Plasma is also used in the IROM （interventional regenerative orthopedic medicine）, and it is very powerful because it delivers ＂growth-factors＂ which stimulate the local tissue progenitor cells （adult mesenchymal stem cells） enhancing the regeneration of the tissues. Adult Mesenchymal stem cell is the hot topic nowadays in the non-surgical field of pain management. In this paper, 250 patients suffering from chronic pain and dysfunction of different body joints （knee, hip and elbow）, were treated with one or two injection therapy techniques, to evaluate the patient improvement regarding the pain and function. The effect of adding an intra-articular injection of vitamin D to the above techniques was also evaluated regarding the joint pain and function improvement. Some of the patients were treated with Platelet Rich Plasma and others were treated with Bone Marrow Stem cells. The results of the 250 patients were compared with those obtained from 30 matching control patients, having same conditions and were treated with physiotherapy, Conclusions show that the therapeutic benefit from combining the two techniques, Lyflogt Perineural Injection Therapy and Prolotherapy, is better than using only one of them regarding the pain and function for the different body joints. Adding an intra-articular injection of vitamin D to the treatment of some patients gave a better result than those treated with dextrose only. However, using the Platelet Rich Plasma and the Stem cells instead of dextrose gave the best results ever regarding the pain and function of the musculoskeletal system.