Relationship between insulinase activity of erythrocytes and insulin resistance in patients with type2diabetes mellitus

Objective:To investigatetherelationshipbetweeninsulinaseactivityof erythrocytes(EIA)andinsulin resistanceinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus.Methods:EIAwas determinedwiththemethodof radioassayof enzymeactivityin65healthysubjects,and109patientswithtype2diabetesmellitusdividedinto3subgroupsac-cordingto theirtherapy andplasmaglucosecontrol.Fastingplasmainsulin(FINS)andotherrelatedindiceswereal-so measuredinallthesubjects.Moreover,insulinsensitiveindex(ISI)wascalculatedforestimationof insulinsensi-tivity.Re sults:EIAandFINSareincreasedin two subgroupsof diabeticpatientson hypoglycemics(subgroupA andsubgroupB),andespeciallyhigherinthepoorcontrolled subgroupof patients(subgroupA).EIAandFINSare normalinsubgroupof patientswithoutmedication(subgroupC).Moreover,ISIis decreasedin allthesubgroupsof patientsas comparedwithnormalsubjects.CorrelationanalysisshowthatEIAis inverselycorrelatedwithISIinall subgroupsof patientsandnormalsubjects,andpositivelycorrelatedwithFINSin normalsubjects.Conclusions:Therateof insulindegradationin erythrocytesis increasedin patientswithtype2diabetes,and increasedinsulin degradationmayresultintheirinsulin-resistantstate.Moreover,EIAmaybe usedas oneof theindicesforestima-tionof insulinsensitivity.

An open level study to assess the glycemic control effect of metformin and Pioglitazone as add on therapy along with sulfonylurea in uncomplicated type2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Management of hyperglycemia in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) becomes the top priority. When single antidiabetic drug is ineffective, combination is required for good glycemic control. There is a dearth of studies that provide head to head comparison of the ability of combinations and therefore need further study. Objectives: To assess and compare the glycemic control and physical parameter altering effect of glibenclamide, glibenclamide & Pioglitazone, glibenclamide & metformin in T2DM. Methods and materials: 100 T2DM patients were selected from outpatients department of medicine following prefixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose (fbg & ppbg) and physical parameters (waist, hip and thigh circumference) were measured before and after treatment with study drugs and adverse effects of these drugs were recorded. Data were analyzed by employing paired t-test and chi-square test. Results: 11 patients lost the follow up. A some total of 89 middle aged, predominantly male, non obese T2DM patients after exposure to the study drugs showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction of blood glucose from baseline. Reduction of blood glucose and waist: hip ratio were observed significantly (p < 0.05) more with glibenclamide and metformin combination with some tolerable side effects. Discussion: Metformin and Pioglitazone both are insulin sensitizer but metformin & glibenclamide combination showed significantly (p < 0.001) more reduction of fbg, ppbg and central obesity (waist: hip ratio) than Pioglitazone & glibenclamide combination. Therefore Judicious use of low dose of glibenclamide and full dose of metformin become safe, effective and cheap for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients in poor country like India.

Based on data mining to explore the medication rule of Professor Shao Zheng-bin in the treatment of coronary heart disease combined with type2 diabetes mellitus after PCI

Objective:To explore the clinical medication rule of Shao Zhengbin in the treatment of coronary heart disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus after PCI by using data mining technology.Methods:Shao Zhengbin was collected from January 2016 to may 2019 in the outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of traditional Chinese medicine to treat patients with coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus after PCI.The data base was established with Microsoft Excel 2016,SPSS statistic 24.0,SPSS modeler 18.0 computer software,and drug frequency analysis,high-frequency drug association rule analysis and clustering were carried out Analysis and factor analysis.Results:of the 133 prescriptions included in the study,86 Chinese herbs were involved,and the top 10 drugs were dangshen,Huangjing,Danshen,Gualou,chuanxiong,fried Atractylodes rhizome,Poria cocos,Fushen and Chenpi respectively;12 drug associations were generated by association analysis,including Huangjing,Huangjing,chuanxiong,dandelion,Dangshen and banpi;12 drug associations were obtained by cluster analysis,including Huangjing,huangxiong,Gualou and Huangqi There are 7 clustering formulas,such as Xia,Danshen,Fuling,Gualou,etc.Conclusion:Shao Zhengbin is good at the treatment of coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus after PCI.

Poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus significantly enhances postoperative chemoresistance in patients with stage III colon cancer

BACKGROUND Type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer(CC)and worse prognosis in patients with metastases.The effects of T2DM on postoperative chemoresistance rate(CRR)and long-term disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with stage III CC who receive curative resection remain controversial.AIM To investigate whether T2DM or glycemic control is associated with worse postoperative survival outcomes in stage III CC.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 278 patients aged 40-75 years who underwent surgery for stage III CC from 2018 to 2021.Based on preoperative T2DM history,the patients were categorized into non-DM(n=160)and DM groups(n=118).The latter was further divided into well-controlled(n=73)and poorly controlled(n=45)groups depending on the status of glycemic control.DFS,OS,and CRR were compared between the groups and Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.RESULTS Patients in the DM and non-DM groups demonstrated similar DFS,OS,and CRR(DFS:72.03%vs 78.75%,P=0.178;OS:81.36%vs 83.12%,P=0.638;CRR:14.41%vs 7.5%,P=0.063).Poorly controlled DM was associated with a significantly worse prognosis and higher CRR than well-controlled DM(DFS:62.22%vs 78.07%,P=0.021;OS:71.11%vs 87.67%,P=0.011;CRR:24.40%vs 8.22%,P=0.015).High preoperative fasting plasma glucose[DFS:Hazard ratio(HR)=2.684,P<0.001;OS:HR=2.105,P=0.019;CRR:HR=2.214,P=0.005]and glycosylated hemoglobin levels(DFS:HR=2.344,P=0.006;OS:HR=2.119,P=0.021;CRR:HR=2.449,P=0.009)indicated significantly poor prognosis and high CRR,while T2DM history did not(DFS:HR=1.178,P=0.327;OS:HR=0.933,P=0.739;CRR:HR=0.997,P=0.581).CONCLUSION Increased preoperative fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels,but not T2DM history,were identified as risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes and high CRR in patients with stage III CC.

Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.

Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any age.It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually worldwide.The daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs.Given the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this condition.Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins.In this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D.We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease prevention.Through a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages.

Global trends and hotspots of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents:A bibliometric study and visualization analysis

BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.

Influence of gut bacteria on type 2 diabetes:Mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria,making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus.This commentary examines the recent publication in World Journal of Diabetes.The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota,with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.It proposes innovative microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies and evaluates the challenges and future directions of such approaches.This editorial summarizes the key points of their discussion of the role of the gut microbiome in T2DM and elaborates on the influence of specific gut microbial species on the disease through the host–microbiota metabolic axis.It provides new insights for future research on gut-microbiota-based interventions for T2DM.

Clinical study on the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND At present,the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent,to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,the report is as follows.AIM To investigate the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with T2DM who were treated via jejunoileal lateral anastomosis.Metabolic indicators were collected preoperatively,as well as at 3 and 6 months postoperative.The metabolic indicators analyzed included body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour blood glucose(PBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting C-peptide,2-hour C-peptide(PCP),fasting insulin(Fins),2-hour insulin(Pins),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),βCellular function index(HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(L DL-C),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein,and uric acid(UA)levels.RESULTS SBP,DBP,PBG,HbA1c,LDL-C,and TG were all significantly lower 3 months postoperative vs preoperative values;body weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,FBG,PBG,HbA1c,TC,TG,UA,and HOMA-IR values were all significantly lower 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months;and PCP,Fins,Pins,and HOMA-βwere all significantly higher 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunum and ileum can effectively treat T2DM and improve the metabolic index levels associated with it.

Application of Dorzagliatin in peritoneal dialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A case report

BACKGROUND Treating diabetes in dialysis patients remains a challenge,with many hypoglycemic drugs requiring dose adjustments or avoidance in these patients.CASE SUMMARY This report describes an 83-year-old female patient with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)who had struggled to control her blood sugar for more than a year.She had a history of high blood pressure for 30 years,had undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for more than two years,was 163 cm tall,weighed 77 kg,and had a body mass index of 28.98 kg/m2.Despite intensive insulin therapy at a daily dose of 150 units,adding Dorzagliatin at a dosage of 75 mg orally twice daily led to immediate blood sugar improvement and a gradual reduction in insulin dosage.After one month of follow-up,the fasting plasma glucose was 6-8 mmol/L,and the 2-hour postprandial glucose was 8-12 mmol/L.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this report is the first to use Dorzagliatin to treat type 2 diabetes peritoneal dialysis patients with challenging glucose control.Dorzagliatin,a novel glucokinase activator primarily metabolized by the liver,exhibits no pharmacokinetic differences among patients with varying degrees of chronic kidney disease.It has a high plasma protein binding rate and may not be cleared by peritoneal dialysis,potentially offering a new glycemic control option for Type 2 diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Unveiling mitochondrial mysteries:Exploring novel tRNA variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The recent study of Ding et al provides valuable insights into the functional implications of novel mitochondrial tRNATrp and tRNASer(AGY)variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This editorial explores their findings,highlighting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of T2DM.By examining the molecular mechanisms through which these tRNA variants contribute to disease progression,the study introduces new targets for therapeutic strategies.We discuss the broader implications of these results,emphasizing the importance of understanding mitochondrial genetics in addressing T2DM.

Impact of community public health care on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T2DM).Based on conven-tional nursing methods,community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.AIM To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with T2DM.METHODS One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing(CN)group using the random number table method.The conventional nursing group(50 cases)received routine care,while the CN group(50 cases)received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group.The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control,fasting blood glucose before and after care,2-h postprandial blood glucose,health cognition,and self-management ability,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group(88%vs 70%,P<0.05).Before care,there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After nursing,fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups,and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).Compared with the scores before care,the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups.The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group(98%vs 86%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control,and improve patients’health cognitive level and self-management ability.

Understanding the link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease:role of brain insulin resistance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease are chronic diseases linked to a growing pandemic that affects older adults and causes significant socio-economic burden.Epidemiological data supporting a close relationship between these two aging-related diseases have resulted in the investigation of shared pathophysiological molecular mechanisms.Impaired insulin signaling in the brain has gained increasing attention during the last decade and has been suggested to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease through the dysregulation of several pathological processes.The contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease,with emphasis on brain insulin resistance,is extensively discussed in this article and new therapeutic strategies targeting this pathological link are presented and reviewed.

Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1:A new regulator of impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus

In this article,we review the study by Jin et al,which examined the role of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).With the global rise of T1DM,there is an increased burden on society and healthcare systems.Due to insulin therapy and islet dysfunction,T1DM patients are highly vulnerable to severe hypoglycemia,a leading cause of mortality.In healthy individuals,counterregulatory mechanisms restore blood glucose during hypoglycemia,but repeated episodes impair these responses.Jin et al demonstrated that overexpression of GLP-1 attenuates the sympathetic-adrenal reflex and disrupts the secretion of counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon during hypoglycemia,leading to counterregulatory dysfunction.These findings highlight the critical role of GLP-1 in the impaired counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in T1DM patients and provide new insights into the potential application of GLP-1-related therapies in T1DM patients.

Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an interesting area for research.These include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or cytokines.Teplizumab is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target antigen.Preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of T1DM.The benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after therapy.It has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of age.In their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,Ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety profile.However,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income countries.High cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

Gestational diabetes mellitus combined with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, four cases of double diabetes: A case report

BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.

Honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A window of opportunity for diabetes reversal?

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)continues to rapidly evolve.The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status.Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence.We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phase(honeymoon phase)and discuss the intri-cacies of this interesting phase along with a possible future promise of“cure”with the use of immunotherapies.We now know that the course of T1DM may not be in only one direction towards further progression;rather the disease may have a waxing and waning course with even reversal of type 1 diabetes concept being discussed.The third phase popularly called the“honeymoon phase”,is of special interest as this phase is complex in its pathogenesis.The honeymoon phase of T1DM seems to provide the best window of opportunity for using targeted therapies using various immunomodulatory agents leading to the possibility of achieving the elusive“diabetes reversal”in T1DM.Identifying this phase is therefore the key,with a lot of varying criteria having been proposed.

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among elderly patients in the Lugu community

BACKGROUND Age is a significant risk factor of diabetes mellitus(DM).With the develop of population aging,the incidence of DM remains increasing.Understanding the epidemiology of DM among elderly individuals in a certain area contributes to the DM interventions for the local elderly individuals with high risk of DM.AIM To explore the prevalence of DM among elderly individuals in the Lugu community and analyze the related risk factors to provide a valid scientific basis for the health management of elderly individuals.METHODS A total of 4816 elderly people who came to the community for physical examination were retrospectively analyzed.The prevalence of DM among the elderly was calculated.The individuals were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group according to the diagnosis of DM to compare the differences in diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)and incidence of hypertension(HT),coronary heart disease(CHD),and chronic kidney disease(CKD).RESULTS DM was diagnosed in 32.70%of the 4816 elderly people.The BMI of the DM group(25.16±3.35)was greater than that of the non-DM group(24.61±3.78).The WHR was 0.90±0.04 in the non-DM group and 0.90±0.03 in the DM group,with no significant difference.The left SBP and SBP in the DM group were 137.9 mmHg±11.92 mmHg and 69.95 mmHg±7.75 mmHg,respectively,while they were 126.6 mmHg±12.44 mmHg and 71.15 mmHg±12.55 mmHg,respectively,in the non-DM group.These findings indicate higher SBP and lower DBP in DM patients than in those without DM.In the DM group,1274 patients were diagnosed with HT,accounting for 80.89%.Among the 3241 non-DM patients,1743(53.78%)were hypertensive and 1498(46.22%)were nonhypertensive.The DM group had more cases of HT than did the non-DM group.There were more patients with CHD or CKD in the DM group than in the non-DM group.There were more patients who drank alcohol more frequently(≥3 times)in the DM group than in the non-DM group.CONCLUSION Older adults in the Lugu community are at a greater risk of DM.In elderly individuals,DM is closely related to high BMI and HT,CHD,and CKD.Physical examinations should be actively carried out for elderly people to determine their BMI,SBP,DBP,and other signs,and sufficient attention should be given to abnormalities in the above signs before further diagnosis.

Mechanism underlying the effects of exercise against type 2 diabetes:A review on research progress

Exercise has emerged as one of the important and effective non-drug therapies used for management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in certain nations.The present report summarizes the latest findings from the research on the beneficial effect of exercise on T2D.The objectives were to provide references for the theoretical study and the clinical practice of exercise-based management of T2D,in addition to identify the limitations of the existing literature,thereby provide direction for future research in this field.

Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes

Diabetes affects about 422 million people worldwide,causing 1.5 million deaths each year.However,the incidence of diabetes is increasing,including several types of diabetes.Type 1 diabetes(5%-10%of diabetic cases)and type 2 diabetes(90%-95%of diabetic cases)are the main types of diabetes in the clinic.Accumulating evidence shows that the fibroblast growth factor(FGF)family plays important roles in many metabolic disorders,including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.FGF consists of 23 family members(FGF-1-23)in humans.Here,we review current findings of FGFs in the treatment of diabetes and management of diabetic complications.Some FGFs(e.g.,FGF-15,FGF-19,and FGF-21)have been broadly investigated in preclinical studies for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes,and their therapeutic roles in diabetes are currently under investigation in clinical trials.Overall,the roles of FGFs in diabetes and diabetic complications are involved in numerous processes.First,FGF intervention can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides by regulating lipolysis in adipose tissues and hepatic glucose production.Second,modulation of FGF expression can inhibit renal and cardiac fibrosis by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix components,promote diabetic wound healing process and bone repair,and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration.Finally,FGFs can regulate the activation of glucoseexcited neurons and the expression of thermogenic genes.