Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence and Associated Factors at the Libreville University Hospital Center

Introduction: Lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic patients has distinct characteristics. Objectives: To study the hospital frequency of lower extremity arterial disease and identify associated factors in diabetic patients at the Libreville University Hospital Center (CHUL). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, in the endocrinology department of the CHUL. All patients with type 2 diabetes over the age of 18 admitted to this department, regardless of the reason for hospitalization, who provided informed consent, were included. Socio-demographic data and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Personal and family cardiovascular history and functional symptoms were investigated. The physical examination included measuring blood pressure, heart rate, and the ankle-brachial index in all patients. Results: A total of 219 patients were included, of whom 75 had lower extremity arterial disease, representing a prevalence of 34.24%. It was compensated in 28 cases (37.33%) and decompensated in 39 patients (52%). In eight cases (10.67%), there was critical chronic ischemia. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes were physical inactivity (89.5%), hypertension (55.25%), overweight (49.77%), obesity (22.84%), and smoking (10.04%). In multivariate analysis, only hypertension (OR = 2.09;95% CI: 1.05 - 4.17;p = 0.035) and LDL cholesterol (OR = 2.75;95% CI: 1.10 - 6.85;p = 0.03) were significantly associated with lower extremity arterial disease in diabetics at the University Hospital of Libreville. Conclusion: Lower extremity arterial disease is common in diabetic patients at the University Hospital of Libreville. It is often asymptomatic, thus requiring systematic screening.[-rId11-]

Investigation and analysis of lower extremity arterial disease in hospitalized elderly type 2 diabetic patients

Background:The risk of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is increased in diabetic patients.LEAD in diabetic patients occurs earlier and is often more severe and diffuse;however,it is largely underdiagnosed and untreated.The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze LEAD situation of hospitalized elderly type 2 diabetic patients.Methods:The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was used to screen LEAD in hospitalized elderly type 2 diabetic patients.The patients were divided into 5 groups based on the screening results:non-LEAD group and LEAD group;the LEAD group was divided into mild stenosis group,moderate stenosis group,and severe stenosis group.Results:The percentage of patients who had LEAD was 43%.Significant difference in age,diabetes duration,peak velocity,microalbuminuria,and vibratory sensory neuropathy was observed between patients with and without LEAD;regression analysis showed that urinary albumin and vibratory sensory neuropathy were independent risk factors for LEAD.Significant difference in age,body mass index (BMI),peak velocity,urinary albumin,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed between mild stenosis group,moderate stenosis group,and severe stenosis group;regression analysis showed that urinary albumin,BMI,and HDL-C were independent risk factors for accelerating vascular stenosis.Conclusions:The incidence of LEAD in hospitalized elderly type 2 diabetic patients is high;age,diabetes duration,peak velocity,BMI,urinary microalbumin,vibratory sensory neuropathy,and HDL-C are the maior risk factors for LEAD.Active control of risk factors is helpful to reduce or delay LEAD.

Paper Clinical Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease of Diabetes Patients

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of diabetic lower extremity vascular diseases. Methods: 48 patients with diabetic lower extremity vascular disease admitted in our hos-pital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study and divided into the observation group, and another 48 patients with the same period of health examination in our hospital were included in the study and divided into the control group. Both groups used color Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood flow of lower extremity vessels. The incidence of blood flow, vascular diameter and stenosis, occlusion and arteriosclerosis of the lower extremity were observed. Results: The blood flow and vascular di-ameter of the lower extremity in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of vascular stenosis, vascular occlusion, thrombus, intimal thickening and plaque in the observation group was 85.42%, 22.92%, 10.42% and 93.75% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group was 10.42%, 0.00%, 0.00% and 14.58% (p < 0.05). The incidence of lower extremity vascular lesions in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound is of high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of diabetic lower extremity vascular diseases, and can be used to determine the blood flow of the lower extremity and the inner diameter of popliteal artery, thigh artery, dorsalis pedis artery and so on. At the same time, it can also clearly show the specific situation of vascular occlusion, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, which is of great signif-icance for the prevention and diagnosis of lower extremity vascular lesions, and can provide the basis for the treatment of lower extremity vascular lesions.

The Role of Color Doppler Ultrasound Arterial Mapping for Decision Making in the Treatment of Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of color Doppler imaging for decision making in the treatment of patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and Methods: Color Doppler scan was done on patients suspected for lower limb PAD, a day prior to the DSA which was done by a vascular surgeon. Also, for the patients who were candidates for endovascular intervention based on the color Doppler arterial mapping results, endovascular interventions were performed at the same time if the DSA findings are correlated with the color Doppler map. The grading for evaluated segments was normal, insignificant stenosis (<50%), hemodynamically significant stenosis (≥50%) and occlusion. We yielded the diagnostic efficacy indices of Doppler for detecting arterial stenosis in each 18 different arterial segments below the renal arteries including, infrarenal aorta, common and external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral (proximal, middle and distal segments), deep femoral, popliteal artery, tibioperoneal trunk, anterior and posterior tibial arteries (proximal, middle and distal segments) and peroneal artery (proximal and distal segments). Then, we yielded the kappa agreement between Doppler and DSA findings considering the grade of stenosis in 18 arterial segments separately. Results: Totally 115 lower extremities (2045 arterial segments) were evaluated in 90 patients [mean age: 60.8 ± 8.9 (range: 47 - 84 years old)] of which 68 (75.6%) were men. The sensitivity of color Doppler for all arterial segments was 90% or higher except for common iliac artery, distal segment of superficial femoral artery and proximal segments of anterior and posterior tibialis and peroneal arteries. However, the specificity was 89% or higher, in all arterial segments. Kappa agreement was 0.72 or higher in all segments (All P-Values 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that considering excellent capability of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of lower extremity arterial disease, color Doppler arterial mapping is sufficient for decision making in the treatment of these patients and can reduce the rate of diagnostic angiography.

New Approach to Measuring the Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices as New Markers for Early Detection of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Lower extremity Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, or Plaque buildup, that reduces the blood flow to the legs and feet. PAD affects approximately 230 million adults worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and leg amputation. The first-line method for diagnosis of PAD is the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), which is the ratio of ankle to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in ankles and arms. The Toe Brachial Index (TBI), which is the ratio of the toe systolic pressure to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in both arms, is considered to be an alternative to the ABI in screening for PAD. The ABI and TBI are measured on the right and left side, and the lower of these numbers is the patient’s overall ABI and TBI. Clinical studies and meta-analysis reviews have shown that the conventional ABI measurement, which uses a cuff, and handheld sphygmomanometer and continuous-wave Doppler tracings, provides an acceptable-to-high specificity level but low sensitivity when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound, and/or angiography methods. Another study has shown that the TBI measurement has greater sensitivity but lower specificity than the ABI when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic based on waveforms. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the VasoPad System comparing its results to the vascular color doppler ultrasound waveforms. Materials and Methods: The VasoPad System is an automated device using the pulse wave method to measure the arms and ankles dorsalis and tibial posterior artery blood pressures, the photoplethysmography second derivative (PTGSD) to estimate the toe systolic pressure, a patented photoplethysmography (PTG) index marker and volume plethysmography via cuffs during deflation. Vascular Color Doppler ultrasound can diagnose stenosis through the direct visualization of atherosclerosis or plaques and through waveform analysis. The vascular color Doppler ultrasound provides 3 waveform types. The type 1, triphasic waveform is normal blood flow and no atherosclerosis or plaque, the type 2, diphasic waveform is seen when there are atherosclerosis plaques, but normal blood flow, and the type 3, monophasic waveform reflects stenosis with diameter reduction > 50%. Results: The sum of the overall ABI and TBI VasoPad values, called Sum of Brachial Indices (SBI), gave a specificity of 88.89% and sensitivity of 100% for detecting vascular color Doppler ultrasound biphasic and monophasic waveforms versus triphasic waveforms with a cutoff ≤ 1.36 (P Conclusion: The VasoPad was useful for detecting PAD, which is fully defined as having vessel stenosis > 50% (Doppler monophasic waveforms) but also early stage of atherosclerosis plaque of the lower extremities (Doppler biphasic waveforms). The VasoPad method provided a remarkable sensitivity of 100% and a specificity level similar to those of the conventional ABI test method compared with the vascular color Doppler ultrasound. In addition to being useful to screen and detect PAD, the VasoPad offers early detection of lower extremity atherosclerosis, with normal blood flow (Doppler biphasic waveforms), which could provide greater treatment options and thus reduce the overall number of lower extremity complications.

Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease As a Rare Complication of Crohn’s Disease

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods Clinical information of 9 cases suffering from lower extremity arterial occlusion and CD was investigated retrospectively. Results All the cases were less than 50 years old and the most were females (8/9). Arterial occlusions occurred in either active (5/9) or inactive (4/9) stage of CD. Besides the arteries of lower extremities, other arteries could also be involved such as aorta, iliac artery, renal artery or mesentery artery. Seven cases had atherosclerotic imaging findings (4 had aortic plaques and 6 had iliac artery stenoses). Embolectomy or thromboendarterectomy were mostly performed. Four (44.4%) cases had recurrent lower limb ischemia. Conclusions Arterial occlusive disease is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of CD. A thorough inspection of aorta is necessary. Embolectomy is mostly preferred. Anticoagulation treatment is highly recommended after the operation.

Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Artery Disease in People Living with HIV Followed at the Departmental University Hospital Center Ouémé-Plateau in 2019

Introduction: Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is a serious cardiovascular disease. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of LEAD and identify the associated factors among people living with HIV who were followed at the departmental university hospital Ouémé-Plateau in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. It included all HIV-infected people who were monitored at the department of medicine of the target hospital during the study period and met the inclusion criteria (followed for at least three months, aged at least 25 years, and having given their written consent to participate). Data were collected during an individual interview, followed by the measurement of parameters. The ankle brachial index ≤ 0.9 was used for the diagnosis of LEAD. Associated factors were searched through a multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of LEAD was 34.2% among 222 respondents having a mean age was 42.9 ± 10.8 years and a female predominance (77.5%). No significant association was found between the presence of LEAD and sociodemographic factors. The presence of LEAD was significantly associated with hypertension and antiretroviral therapy. Hypertensive patients had a higher risk of LEAD compared to non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.04-3.83], p = 0.037). Those who were receiving second-line therapy also had a higher risk of LEAD compared to those on first-line therapy (OR = 2.95, 95% CI [1.14-7.60], p = 0.025). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of LEAD especially among hypertensive patients and those who were receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy. LEAD diagnosis and management should be included in the routine care of people living with HIV in Benin.

Detection,management,and prevention of diabetes-related foot disease in the Australian context

Diabetes-related foot disease(DFD)is a widely feared complication among people who live with diabetes.In Australia and globally,rates of disability,cardiovascular disease,lower extremity amputation,and mortality are significantly increased in patients with DFD.In order to understand and prevent these outcomes,we analyse the common pathogenetic processes of neuropathy,arterial disease,and infection.The review then summarises important management considerations through the interdisciplinary lens.Using Australian and international guidelines,we offer a stepwise,evidence-based practical approach to the care of patients with DFD.

An evaluation of the arterial occlusions in peripheral arterial disease by 64-detector multi-slice CT angiography: DSA correlation

Objective: Evaluation of peripheral arterial disease with 64-detector multi-slice CT angiography (MDCT- A) and comparison of the results with the results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a standard reference. Materials and Method: The written informed consent of the patients and ethics committee approval were obtained. The retrospective study group consisted of 28 patients with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Using 64-MDCT-A, the arterial tree of the lower extremity was evaluated for the presence of steno-occlusive lesions that might have led to luminal stenosis. The diagnostic reliability of 64-MDCT- A was calculated and compared with that of DSA. Findings: In the segment-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability rates of 64-MDCT angiography in determining significant stenoses were 97.7%, 97%, and 97.3%, respectively. The Kappa co-efficiency for compatibility between 64-MDCT-A and DSA methods in grading stenosis was calculated as 0.896

Diabetes and peripheral artery disease:A review

Peripheral arterial disease(PAD)refers to partial or complete occlusion of the peripheral vessels of the upper and lower limbs.It usually occurs as part of systemic atherosclerosis in the coronary and cerebral arteries.The prevalence of PAD is expected to continue to increase in the foreseeable future owing to the rise in the occurrence of its major risk factors.Nonhealing ulcers,limb amputation and physical disability are some of its major complications.Diabetes mellitus(DM)remains a major risk for PAD,with DM patients having more than two-fold increased prevalence of PAD compared with the general population.The clinical presentation in people with DM also differs slightly from that in the general population.In addition,PAD in DM may lead to diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs),which precipitate hyperglycaemic emergencies and result in increased hospital admissions,reduced quality of life,and mortality.Despite the epidemiological and clinical importance of PAD,it remains largely under diagnosed and hence undertreated,possibly because it is largely asymptomatic.Emphasis has been placed on neuropathy as a cause of DFUs,however PAD is equally important.This review examines the epidemiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of lower limb PAD in people with diabetes and relates these to the general population.It also highlights recent innovations in the management of PAD.

超声造影联合血清Ficolin-3,FOXM1对2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值分析

目的超声造影联合血清纤维胶凝蛋白-3(Ficolin-3)、叉头框蛋白M1(FOXM1)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢动脉病变的诊断价值分析。方法选取2022年2月至2023年2月我院收治的T2DM患者114例,以下肢动脉血管造影检查为金标准,将患者分为下肢动脉病变组23例(病变组)和无下肢动脉病变组91例(T2DM组),另选取同期于本院进行体检的健康志愿者91例为对照组。对患者及健康志愿者进行血清Ficolin-3、FOXM1及超声造影检查;ROC曲线分析血清Ficolin-3、FOXM1对T2DM下肢动脉病变的诊断价值;采用四格表法分析血清Ficolin-3、FOXM1、超声造影及3项联合对T2DM下肢动脉病变的诊断价值。结果病变组、T2DM组血清Ficolin-3水平显著高于对照组,且病变组血清Ficolin-3水平显著高于T2DM组(均P<0.05);病变组、T2DM组血清FOXM1水平显著低于对照组,且病变组血清FOXM1水平显著低于T2DM组(均P<0.05);血清Ficolin-3诊断T2DM下肢动脉病变的曲线下面积为0.868,敏感度为86.96%,特异度为75.82%,最佳截断值为35.12μg/ml;血清FOXM1诊断T2DM下肢动脉病变的曲线下面积为0.854,敏感度为82.61%,特异度为78.02%,最佳截断值为0.57;血清Ficolin-3、FOXM1检查结果与金标准均具有中度一致性(Kappa=0.480、0.481,均P<0.001);超声造影检查结果显示,T2DM下肢动脉病变的阳性检出率为73.91%,与金标准具有较高一致性(Kappa=0.631,P<0.001);3项联合检测的敏感度、漏诊率均显著优于超声造影单独诊断,准确度显著优于Ficolin-3、FOXM1单独诊断,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论血清Ficolin-3、FOXM1联合超声造影检查在T2DM下肢动脉病变诊断中的应用价值较高,进一步提升了诊断的敏感度、准确度,减少了误诊率。

Surgical treatment of 82 patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia by distal arterial bypass

Background Diabetic lower limb ischemia is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of distal arterial bypass treatment in diabetic patients with lower limb ischemia. Methods From July 2000 to July 2004, 96 lower limbs of 82 diabetic patients （type 2） with severe lower limb ischemia were treated in Xuan Wu Hospital. Arterial bypass with femoro-popliteal polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） and graft-tibial autologous grafts was performed on 31 limbs （32.3%）. Popliteal-tibial artery bypass alone was performed on 22 limbs （22.9%）. Combined lilac artery stenting, femoro-popliteal artery PTFE graft bypass, and graft-tibial artery autologous graft bypass was performed on 12 limbs （12.5%）, and femoro-tibial artery graft bypass was performed on 10 limbs （10.4%）. Popliteal-tibial-pedal artery graft bypass was performed on 7 limbs （7.3%）. Results Arterial grafts in 92 limbs of 79 patients were patent on discharge. Three patients with 4 ischemic limbs （3.7%） died of respiratory failure 12 hours, 3 days and 7 days after operation respectively. Early operation success rate was 96.3% （79/82）. Graft patency rate of patients on discharge was 95.8% （92/96）. The short-term total effectiveness rate was 83.3% （80/96）. Foot ulcer healing rate was 35.7% （10/28）. 97.4% （75/77） patients were followed up for a mean of 13.5 months. The long-term total effective rate was 80.7% （71/88）. The total amputation rate was 4.5% （4/88）. Mortality was 4.5%. The total graft patency rate was 90.9% （80/88）.Conclusion In the treatment of diabetic foot, distal lower limb arterial bypass can help to avoid amputation or lower the amputation level, and may promote foot ulcer healing and improve patient＇s quality of life.

彩色多普勒定量分析腘动脉参数在2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变中的应用研究

目的:分析彩色多普勒定量分析腘动脉参数在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下肢血管病变中的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性分析法,将天津市河西医院2019年8月—2022年10月进行健康体检的25例志愿者纳入对照组,将51例T2MD患者纳入观察组。按腘动脉中膜厚度(IMT)情况将观察组分为A组(IMT正常)20例、B组(IMT增厚)6例、C组(斑块形成)25例。对比观察组与对照组患者腘动脉最大管径(R)、峰值血流速(peak systolic velocity,PSV)、壁剪应力(wall shear stress,WSS),对比A组、B组、C组患者病程、年龄、体重指数、血压、血糖等可能影响动脉斑块形成的因素,对比三组患者R、PSV、WSS。分析WSS预测T2DM患者效能以及WSS相关因素。结果:观察组患者PSV、WSS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与A组比较,B组患者年龄更高,病程更长,甘油三酯、WSS更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与A组比较,C组患者年龄更高,病程更长,PSV、WSS更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与B组比较,C组患者年龄更高,PSV、WSS更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WSS取1.82 dyne/cm^(2),预测T2DM患者下肢血管病变的特异度、灵敏度分别为84%、66%。WSS与病程、年龄、腘动脉IMT呈负相关(r=-0.370、-0.570、-0.592,P<0.05),与PSV呈正相关(r=0.601,P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声定量分析下腘动脉WSS能有效预测T2DM患者下肢血管病变,建议综合患者病程、年龄及腘动脉IMT提高诊断准确性。

2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入治疗后血清NLRP3及sVCAM-1水平对再狭窄的意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入治疗后血清NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)及可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)水平对再狭窄的意义。方法回顾性分析2022年1月~2023年1月于河北省邯郸市中心医院血管介入科104例成功行血管介入治疗的2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者的临床资料。根据介入后再狭窄发生情况分为再狭窄组(n=20)和无再狭窄组(n=84),比较两组患者一般资料及介入后24 h血清NLRP3、sVCAM-1水平,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析再狭窄发生的影响因素;创建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析血清NLRP3、sVCAM-1检测对再狭窄的预测价值。结果与无再狭窄组相比,再狭窄组患者2型糖尿病病程、下肢动脉病变长度更长,Fontaine分期Ⅳ期占比、下肢动脉完全闭塞占比及血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、NLRP3、sVCAM-1水平更高(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,下肢动脉完全闭塞、下肢动脉病变长度、HbA1c、NLRP3及sVCAM-1是2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入后再狭窄发生的影响因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,血清NLRP3、sVCAM-1联合检测对2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入后再狭窄发生的预测价值较高,敏感度为95.00%,特异度为71.43%,ROC曲线下面积为0.929。结论血清NLRP3、sVCAM-1水平高表达均是2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入治疗后再狭窄发生的危险因素,二者联合检测能提高2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者介入治疗后再狭窄预测的准确性。

下肢动脉病变程度对富血小板凝胶治疗糖尿病足溃疡的影响

目的探讨下肢动脉病变程度对富血小板凝胶治疗糖尿病足溃疡的影响。方法选取糖尿病足溃疡患者129例为研究对象。根据踝肱指数和下肢动脉血管超声结果分为轻度组49例、中度组44例和重度组36例。3组患者均给予常规治疗联合富血小板凝胶治疗。比较3组患者治疗前后溃疡面积变化和肉芽面积变化。结果3组治疗前后的溃疡面积及其差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组治疗前后的肉芽面积及其差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。溃疡面积差值与踝肱指数呈正相关(r=0.392,P<0.001),与糖尿病病程呈负相关(r=-0.420,P<0.001);肉芽面积差值与踝肱指数呈正相关(r=0.406,P<0.001),与糖尿病病程呈负相关(r=-0.375,P<0.001)。结论下肢动脉病变越严重,富血小板凝胶治疗糖尿病足溃疡的疗效越差。

虎杖清脉饮治疗下肢小血管病早期热郁毒聚证临床观察

目的:观察虎杖清脉饮治疗下肢小血管病(LESAD)早期热郁毒聚证的临床治疗效果和安全性。方法:选取70例LESAD早期热郁毒聚证患者随机分为试验组和对照组各35例,两组患者均给予西医常规治疗,在此基础上,试验组给予虎杖清脉饮颗粒治疗,对照组给予虎杖清脉饮安慰剂颗粒治疗,3个月后比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后症状体征积分、中医证候积分,治疗前后脂代谢、糖代谢、炎症因子水平变化、安全性及不良反应情况。结果:试验组总有效率94.11%高于对照组63.33%(P<0.05);治疗后试验组症状、体征积分及中医证候积分较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);实验室指标中,治疗后试验组脂代谢、糖代谢、炎症因子水平均较对照组改善(P<0.05)。结论:虎杖清脉饮治疗LESAD早期热郁毒聚证患者临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,减少动脉粥样硬化的诱发因素。

糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化疾病筛查及危险因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者发生下肢动脉硬化疾病的危险因素。方法收集2019年10月至2023年2月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受治疗的187例糖尿病患者的临床资料,按照是否存在下肢动脉硬化疾病将患者分为病例组(n=56)和对照组(n=131)。比较两组患者的临床特征、糖尿病病史及其诊治情况、下肢动脉疾病特点及住院期间治疗情况,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化的危险因素。结果在56例糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化疾病的患者中,下肢动脉硬化狭窄患者39例,下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者17例,其中,合并糖尿病足5例。病例组患者年龄≥65岁、吸烟、高血压、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%的比例均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);多因素分析结果显示,老年(年龄≥65岁)、吸烟、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%、高血压均是糖尿病患者合并下肢动脉硬化疾病的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论糖尿病患者发生下肢动脉硬化疾病的概率较高,与年龄、糖化血红蛋白水平、高血压情况及吸烟情况密切相关。

从脉痹论糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症辨治

目前随着人民生活水平的逐渐提高,2型糖尿病在中国的患病率逐年升高,其并发症也随之显露,而下肢动脉硬化症作为2型糖尿病的一种严重并发症,在临床上应做到早治疗、延缓其发展。文章通过脉痹理论来论述糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症,将其与脉痹的病因病机相比较,得出脉痹与糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症密切相关,然后对其病因病机进行了详细的分析论述、及对其病程的发展演变进行了详细梳理。最后,对其治疗方法进行了系统的归纳总结。并在此基础上对糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症的中医治疗给出了建议。得到以下主要结论:临床上以温阳散寒通脉法、清热祛湿解毒法、益气活血化瘀法、滋阴益气活络法、疏肝行气活血法为常见。

英国前瞻性糖尿病研究评分联合下肢动脉病变分级对2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的预测价值

目的:探讨英国前瞻性糖尿病研究(UKPDS)评分联合下肢动脉病变分级对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者冠状动脉病变(CAD)程度的预测价值。方法:选择行冠状动脉造影的T2DM患者213例,依据冠状动脉造影结果分为T2DM组(75例)和T2DM合并CAD组(138例)。收集患者临床资料,检测患者糖脂代谢指标,使用UKPDS评分评估10年冠心病风险(CADRISK)。以冠状动脉SYNTAX评分对患者CAD程度进行评估,并分为高分组(≥23分)和低分组(<23分),比较两组CADRISK值及下肢动脉病变分级。分析T2DM患者CAD影响因素。分析CADRISK值、下肢动脉病变分级与SYNTAX评分的相关性,以及两者对T2DM合并CAD的预测价值。结果:T2DM合并CAD组和T2DM组在年龄、病程、收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)、下肢动脉病变分级、CADRISK值、SYNTAX评分上比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。病程、TC、下肢动脉病变分级、CADRISK值、SYNTAX评分是T2DM合并CAD的影响因素(均P<0.05)。依据SYNTAX评分将患者分为高分组(26例)和低分组(56例),低分组CADRISK值低于高分组,高分组下肢动脉病变分级2~3级占比高于低分组(均P<0.05)。病程、TC、下肢动脉病变分级、CADRISK值与SYNTAX评分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。CADRISK值、下肢动脉病变分级均可预测T2DM患者CAD程度,两项联合预测价值更高(均P<0.05)。结论:UKPDS评分、下肢动脉病变分级与T2DM患者CAD程度相关,两者联合对T2DM合并CAD有较好的预测价值。

基于患者疾病自我管理能力的下肢动脉疾病药学服务模式的构建

目的构建下肢动脉疾病(LEAD)患者院内药学监护+院外药学门诊一体化服务模式,提高患者的疾病自我管理能力及疾病治疗的有效性和安全性。方法构建LEAD患者院内药学监护及院外药学门诊服务模式(包含药学评估、自我管理能力宣教、药学随访),对患者进行长期管理。选取2021年9月-2022年12月在我院血管外科住院或门诊就诊并经药师管理的65例LEAD患者为研究对象,由药师进行院内药学监护+院外门诊持续管理,比较经药师管理3个月前后疾病治疗有效性指标、安全性指标和患者疾病自我管理能力指标。结果65例患者经药师管理3个月后,55例患者Fontaine分期降低,管理前后Fontaine分期差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);完全遵循指南用药的患者占比由63.1%提升至96.9%,小出血发生率减少7.7%,患者Morisky用药依从性评分和疾病自我管理能力评分显著提高(P<0.001),就医满意度为“好”的患者占比增加了18.4%。结论LEAD患者院内外一体化药学服务模式可有效提高患者疾病自我管理能力,提高患者疾病治疗的有效性及安全性。