Evolution of Diagenetic Fluid of the Dawsonite-Bearing Sandstone in the Jiyang Depression,Eastern China

Based on the petrology,isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions analysis,we established the evolutionary mode of the diagenetic fluid of dawsonite-bearing sandstone in the Jiyang Depression.Dawsonite-bearing sandstone is characterized by double injection of CO_(2)and oil-gas in the Jiyang Depression that have experienced a relatively complex diagenetic fluid evolution process.The diagenetic sequence of secondary minerals involves secondary enlargement of quartz,kaolinite,first-stage calcite,dawsonite,second-stage calcite,ferrocalcite,dolomite and ankerite.Hydrocarbon charging in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone occurred at around 2.6–0 Myr.The CO_(2)charging event occurred during Dongying tectonism,forming the Pingfangwang CO_(2)gas reservoir,which provided an abundant carbon source for dawsonite precipitation.Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of dawsonite demonstrate that CO_(2)forming the dawsonite was of an inorganic origin derived from the mantle,and that water mediating the proc-ess during dawsonite precipitation was sequestered brine with a fluid temperature of 82℃.The evolutionary sequence of the diagenetic fluid in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone was:alkaline syngenetic fluids,weak alkaline fluids during organic acid forma-tion,acidic fluids in the early stage of CO_(2)injection,alkaline fluids in the late stage of CO_(2)injection,and weak alkaline fluids during oil and gas charging.The mode indicates an increase in-HCO_(3)because of the CO_(2)injection,and the loss of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)due to the precipitation of carbonate minerals.Therefore,the evolutionary mode of diagenetic fluids is in good agreement with high HCO_(3)^(-),low Ca^(2+)and low Mg^(2+)composition of the present formation water in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone.

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions:A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous（Th_（aq）） and oil incluisons（Th_0） within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_（aq） values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area：the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.

Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints:An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs（beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member） in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western（eastern） reservoirs experienced early open（closed）, middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis（in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current）. Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows： early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.

Restoration of reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation process by calcite in-situ U-Pb dating and fluid inclusion analysis: A case study on Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in Gaoquan Structure, southern Junggar Basin, NW China

The complexity of diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin restricts hydrocarbon exploration in the lower reservoir assemblage. The lithofacies and diagenesis of reservoirs in the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the Gaoquan structure of the Sikeshu Sag, southern Junggar Basin were analyzed. On this basis, the thermal history was calibrated using calcite in-situ U-Pb dating and fluid inclusion analysis to depict the hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Gaoquan structure. The results show that the Qingshuihe reservoir experienced two phases of calcite cementation and three phases of hydrocarbon charging. The calcite cements are dated to be (122.1±6.4) Ma, (14.4±1.0) Ma - (14.2±0.3) Ma. The hydrocarbon charging events occurred at around 14.2-30.0 Ma (low-mature oil), 14.2 Ma (mature oil), and 2 Ma (high-mature gas). The latter two phases of hydrocarbon charging contributed dominantly to the formation of reservoir. Due to the S-N compressive thrust activity during the late Himalayan period since 2 Ma, the traps in the Gaoquan structure were reshaped, especially the effective traps which developed in the main reservoir-forming period were decreased significantly in scale, resulting in weak hydrocarbon shows in the middle-lower part of the structure. This indicates that the effective traps in key reservoir-forming period controlled hydrocarbon enrichment and distribution in the lower reservoir assemblage. Calcite U-Pb dating combined with fluid inclusion analysis can help effectively describe the complex diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the central-west part of the basin.

Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin, China

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the characteristics of low compositional maturity, low contents of cements and medium textural maturity. The general physical properties of the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and low permeability, and there are only a few reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability in local areas. Based on the diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic sequence of cements is established: early calcites (or micrite siderites) →first quartz overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of feldspars and debris→chlorite linings→ second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or filled in remain intergranular pores and solution pores)→dissolution→third quartz overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and intragranular solution pores)→intergrowth (ferro) calcites→dolomites→ferro (calcites) dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz and calcites formation. Mechanical compaction is the main factor in making the reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the second and third quartz overgrowth. In a long-term closed system, only feld-spars and some lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic fluids, while intergranular cements such as quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus have little influence on the porosity of the Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was extensively generated from organic materials after the second quartz overgrowth, and selectively entered favorable reservoirs to form tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

济阳坳陷成熟探区油气精细勘探理论进展与实践

济阳坳陷作为渤海湾盆地成熟探区之一,经过了60多年勘探开发,为实现油气勘探的持续发展,亟需解决油气资源潜力、勘探方向及成藏规律等理论认识问题。通过对主力生烃层系大量烃源岩样品沉积环境、有机地球化学特征的分析测试及生排烃模拟实验,对比研究了不同类型烃源岩生排烃演化过程及生烃潜力,发现咸化环境烃源岩具有古生产力高、活化能低的特点,建立了陆相湖盆“咸化富烃”生排烃模式,突破了以淡水环境烃源岩为主力油气来源的传统认识;通过分析深层储层成岩演化过程中孔隙度与地层流体酸碱性质变化的关系,指出“早期强胶结、后期强溶蚀”是深层储层形成大量次生溶蚀孔隙的重要原因,解决了高地温背景下深层碎屑岩有效储层成因问题;基于济阳坳陷勘探实践,总结提出了断陷盆地从洼陷带到斜坡带,依次发育岩性、构造-岩性、岩性-构造及构造油气藏的油气藏类型有序分布规律。创新形成了“咸化富烃、酸碱控储、有序成藏”的成熟探区油气精细勘探理论认识,明确了剩余资源潜力,指出了深层的勘探方向,使油气勘探由被动转移转为主动探索;并创新建立了适用于精细勘探阶段的“勘探层单元”划分、优选方法,形成了成熟探区“七步走”的精细勘探评价流程。结合济阳坳陷地质新认识、最新一轮油气资源评价结果,指出今后重点勘探方向及增储领域,为油田的长期效益可持续发展提供了重要保障。

Formation,evolution,reconstruction of black shales and their influence on shale oil and gas resource

Black shales are important products of material cycling and energy exchange among the lithosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.They are widely distributed throughout geological history and provide essential energy and mineral resources for the development of human society.They also record the evolution process of the earth and improve the understanding of the earth.This review focuses on the diagenesis and formation mechanisms of black shales sedimentation,composition,evolution,and reconstruction,which have had a significant impact on the formation and enrichment of shale oil and gas.In terms of sedimentary environment,black shales can be classified into three types:Marine,terrestrial,and marine-terrestrial transitional facies.The formation processes include mechanisms such as eolian input,hypopycnal flow,gravity-driven and offshore bottom currents.From a geological perspective,the formation of black shales is often closely related to global or regional major geological events.The enrichment of organic matter is generally the result of the interaction and coupling of several factors such as primary productivity,water redox condition,and sedimentation rate.In terms of evolution,black shales have undergone diagenetic evolution of inorganic minerals,thermal evolution of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation,interactions between organic matter and inorganic minerals,and pore evolution.In terms of reconstruction,the effects of fold deformation,uplift and erosion,and fracturing have changed the stress state of black shale reservoirs,thereby having a significant impact on the pore structure.Fluid activity promotes the formation of veins,and have changed the material composition,stress structure,and reservoir properties of black shales.Regarding resource effects,the deposition of black shales is fundamental for shale oil and gas resources,the evolution of black shales promotes the shale oil and gas formation and storage,and the reconstruction of black shales would have caused the heterogeneous distribution of oil and gas in shales.Exploring the formation mechanisms and interactions of black shales at different scales is a key to in-depth research on shale formation and evolution,as well as the key to revealing the mechanism controlling shale oil and gas accumulation.The present records can reveal how these processes worked in geological history,and improve our understanding of the coupling mechanisms among regional geological events,black shales evolution,and shale oil and gas formation and enrichment.

东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境变化研究

通过薄片鉴定、激光拉曼光谱分析、全岩和粘土矿物分析以及流体包裹体测试等手段,结合埋藏史分析,研究了东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境的特点。分析认为,东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩现象丰富,表现出不同成岩环境相叠合的特征,存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。着重利用不同成岩环境代表矿物中的流体包裹体分析成岩环境的变化,结果显示,3 000-3 200 m是碱性流体活动的重要深度。东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层在埋深过程中由浅到深大致经历了（弱）碱性（小于1 750 m）→酸性（1 750-3 200 m）→酸碱交替（3 200-4 000 m）→碱性（4 000-5 000 m）→弱碱性到弱酸性（大于5 000 m）多重成岩环境的变化,从而形成了现今复杂的成岩现象。埋深和温度是成岩环境变化的宏观主导因素,但并非绝对控制因素,局部流体性质的变化更能直接导致成岩环境的变化。

碎屑组分差异对成岩作用的约束——以苏里格气田东二区砂岩储层为例

成岩物质基础的不同是否能在一定程度上影响成岩微环境、成岩矿物和成岩强度,是一个值得深入探讨的问题。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东二区二叠系砂岩储层(位于盆地北部两大物源分区的交汇部位,其主要含气层段为下二叠统山西组一段和和下石盒子组盒8段)为例,采用薄片鉴定、铸体、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体激光拉曼等分析实验方法,深入研究了长石石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩在成岩流体性质、成岩微环境和成岩产物等方面的差异。结果表明:①该区砂岩储层成岩现象多样,不同的岩石类型成岩序列也不同;②储层中成岩古流体的演化复杂,具有多流体性质和成岩环境变化相叠合的特点,在不同的砂岩类型中具有不同的表现;③埋深和温度是该区储层成岩环境变化的主导因素,此外,岩性及原始物质组分的差异不仅影响了局部流体性质和成岩微环境的变化,而且还导致了成岩反应、成岩序列和成岩产物的差异;④受差异成岩作用控制,该区长石石英砂岩的成岩演化相对简单,其孔隙特征明显好于岩屑砂岩。

川东地区长兴组白云岩储层成因与成岩系统

对于川东地区上二叠统长兴组礁滩相白云岩储层的成因一直存在争议,为此,对该区白云岩成因类型、地球化学特征(铁、锰、锶微量元素,碳、氧、锶稳定同位素)及流体包裹体特征进行了综合研究。从成岩流体性质和产物的组合特征出发,按"水文体制"将长兴组白云岩划分为准同生阶段海源同生卤水、早成岩阶段源于飞仙关组地层封存热卤水、中—晚成岩阶段复合源混合热卤水、构造隆升阶段有深部热液参与的混合热液4个成岩系统。各系统成岩流体性质虽有不同,但对多期次的埋藏白云岩化作用和白云岩储层的形成、演化与分布都有重要的继承性控制作用:准同生阶段一般不具备储集意义;早成岩阶段是储层发育的基础阶段;中—晚成岩阶段扩大了储层分布范围和发育规模;构造隆升阶段是提高储层质量的关键时期,也是控制优质白云岩储层在区域上沿构造活动带分布的主要因素,可作为预测优质白云岩储层的重要依据。

碎屑储集岩成岩演化过程中流体—岩石相互作用特征——以塔里木盆地西南坳陷地区为例

塔西南坳陷不同时代碎屑储集岩成岩环境经历了由酸性向碱性演变的过程,成岩环境地球化学性质的这种转变直接控制了发生在碎屑岩成岩体系中的流体—岩石相互作用特征。酸性成岩环境形成于烃源岩—储集岩系统中有机—无机反应最活跃时期,主要分布在早成岩阶段A、B期和晚成岩阶段A期,当古地温小于90℃,Ro值在<0.5%～1.3%之间,酸性的孔隙介质与骨架颗粒之间主要发生蚀变、溶解和氧化硅沉淀作用。当古地温达到90℃以上,Ro值在1.3%～>2%时,有机质脱羧基停止,有机酸发生分解,CO2来源减小,使孔隙流体性质由酸性向碱性变化,成岩环境呈碱性,这时晚期含铁碳酸盐矿物交代作用最为活跃,同时伴随自生伊利石和绿泥石沉淀、陆源伊利石重结晶成绢云母、高岭石向伊利石或绿泥石转变等作用。成岩环境在其演化过程中,由于孔隙流体性质的转变,破坏了早期成岩环境的物理化学平衡状态,使旧的成岩反应停止,新的成岩反应开始,从而形成多种矿物蚀变→交代→溶解→沉淀过程,导致碎屑储集岩结构和孔隙组合特征上的差异,流体-岩石相互作用的强度和范围决定了碎屑储集岩的储集性能及分布特征。

成岩成矿深度:主要影响因素与压力估算方法

成岩成矿深度是金属矿床成矿地质体的重要空间参数,受到地质构造、岩浆岩、围岩等诸多因素的影响。初步讨论了成矿深度的主要影响因素:岩浆因素和构造因素。内生矿床,特别是岩浆热液矿床的形成深度与岩浆作用的深度有关,岩浆侵位深度限定了矿床形成深度的下限,而岩浆上升和侵位过程中分异出的热液的深度直接决定了成矿深度。构造变形直接控制了多孔介质的渗透率,渗透率制约了流体的流动,成矿流体运移和就位则直接与成矿深度相关联。还阐述了成岩成矿深度(压力)的估算方法,以流体包裹体温压计为主,结合其它矿物地质温度计和压力计,并综合考虑成矿地质构造、岩浆岩、围岩等因素,才能获得合理和符合地质实际的成矿深度,为找矿勘查提供经得起检验的深度参数。

石油充注对储层成岩矿物演化的影响

油饱和带 (油层 )中石英次生加大和钾长石颗粒的钠长石化程度均低于水饱和带 (水层 ) ,石英次生加大边中的流体包裹体显微测温 (6 0～ 14 0℃ )表明 ,油饱和带与水饱和带中包裹体的温度相近 ,这说明油饱和带中石英次生加大在石油侵入后继续发育 ,但与水饱和带相比这种作用受到抑制。同样 ,方解石、白云石在含水饱和带及低含油饱和带与高含油饱和带相比也较发育 ;粘土矿物伊利石也具有此特征。但长石的溶蚀却在含油饱和带中明显高于含水饱和带 ,这说明石油充注改变储层孔隙中矿物生长的微环境 (矿物成分、pH值、Eh、CO2 分压及其他孔隙流体性质 ) 。

东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带致密砂岩储层成岩成藏的耦合关系

以平湖构造带平湖组中下段为例,基于烃源岩及油气的地球化学特征,尝试利用流体包裹体系统分析技术厘定的油气充注史结合储层岩石学恢复的孔隙度演化史,得到研究区致密砂岩储层成岩演化与成藏之间具有＂独特＂的耦合关系,从而识别出该区存在2种不同成因类型的致密砂岩油气藏。即第1期（16.2~13.8 Ma）油充注于储层致密化之前,在浮力作用下进入储层,形成＂后成型＂致密油藏;第2期（5~0 Ma）油气充注于储层逐渐致密化时期,在浮力和毛细管压力共同作用下进入储层,形成＂边成藏边致密型＂油气藏。同时分别对应2种不同的成藏模式,即＂早期侧向充注古构造、晚期改造＂的复合成藏模式和＂原油从源岩垂向充注于圈闭,同时受后来天然气气侵改造＂的成藏模式。

新疆西天山卡特巴阿苏大型金矿床地质地球化学和成岩成矿年代

新疆西天山是"亚洲金腰带"在中国的重要延伸,成矿找矿潜力大。卡特巴阿苏是该区域新发现的大型金矿床,金储量87 t,平均金品位3.84 g/t。矿床形成于中天山北缘靠近那拉提北缘断裂的变形带中,金矿体主要受二长花岗岩体内沿密集韧脆性断裂带分布的蚀变带控制,多呈大型透镜体/似板状体,中部为含金硫化物不规则细/网脉强硅化岩,边部对称出现含金硫化物浸染绢云母绿泥石蚀变岩,黄铁矿和黄铜矿是主要载金矿物,金在黄铁矿中为晶格金,在黄铜矿中为裂隙金或粒间金。卡特巴阿苏金成矿地质体主要为二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb法测得(346.3±3.3)Ma,为早石炭世成岩;矿石中载金黄铁矿Re-Os法测得(310.9±4.2)Ma,为晚石炭世成矿;成矿比成岩大约晚35Ma。金成矿关键控制因素是南天山洋关闭、塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞造山过程中的构造-流体作用。金成矿流体中高温(270~390℃)、中低盐度(7%~16%Na Cl eq.)、富CO2,δ18OH2O(V-SMOW)=1.6‰~6.4‰,δDH2O(V-SMOW)=-64‰^-107‰,为深部/变质成因流体;金矿石中黄铁矿(187Os/188Os)i平均为1.449±0.052,REE配分曲线及铅同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb=18.129~18.773、207Pb/204Pb=15.459~15.554,208Pb/204Pb=37.707~38.123)与中天山地壳不同岩石建造单元具有明显相似或关联性,成矿物质来自中天山地壳;硫化物δ34S值(6.92‰~12.15‰)指示矿石硫源于古生代海相地层中硫酸盐热化学还原。卡特巴阿苏金成矿受晚石炭世塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞构造应力驱动,金矿床是中天山地壳岩石经受构造-蚀变的综合产物,属"碰撞造山型"金矿床。研究为在新疆西天山持续实现金矿找矿突破提供了新参考。

鲁西地区张夏组碳酸盐岩成岩系统

鲁西地区寒武系碳酸盐岩广泛发育,但针对该区碳酸盐岩成岩作用的研究较少。镜下鉴定显示研究区发育压实作用、胶结作用这两种破坏性成岩作用及溶解作用、压溶作用和白云石化作用等三种建设性成岩作用。新生变形作用对物性的影响可分两种情况,退变新生变形作用对改善岩石物性意义不大,进变新生变形作用有利于晶间孔的形成。结合流体包裹体分析,将研究区张夏组划分为海水、大气淡水、封存压实卤水、温压水4个连续演化的成岩系统,不同成岩系统中发育不同的成岩流体体系和成岩作用类型。海水成岩系统的特征为:在浅海海底成岩环境下,成岩温度低,流体包裹体为单相;成岩作用有压实、泥晶化作用、胶结作用(形成纤维状、共轴纤维状、共轴增生胶结物),海水和淡水过渡带鲕粒发生白云石化作用。在大气淡水系统:早成岩期的成岩体系为Ca Cl2-H2O、Na Cl-H2O、Mg Cl2-H2O和Na Cl-Mg Cl2-H2O盐水体系,且盐度较低,发育等轴粒状方解石胶结作用和淡水溶解作用;古表生期和表生期发育溶解作用。封存压实卤水成岩系统,成岩流体体系为Na Cl-Mg Cl2-Mg SO4和KCl-Ca Cl2-H2O体系,主要发育胶结作用和压溶作用。温压水系统中,成岩流体体系为Ca Cl2-H2O、Na Cl-Ca Cl2-6H2O、Na Cl-Mg Cl2-Mg SO4、Mg Cl2-H2O和Fe Cl2-H2O,发育胶结作用、埋藏溶蚀、压溶作用(表现为粗缝合线)和进变新生变形作用。淡水成岩系统和温压水系统都有利于溶解作用的发育,但是淡水成岩系统中选择性的溶解作用造成的溶蚀孔隙多被后期胶结物充填,而温压水体统中的溶蚀作用可新增1%~5%次生孔隙;压溶作用形成的未被完全充填的粗缝合线和进变新生变形作用发育的晶间孔,均有利于改善岩石物性。

碎屑岩储层成岩流体演化与储集性及油气运移关系探讨--以塔里木盆地满西地区上奥陶统-石炭系海相碎屑岩储层为例

碎屑岩储层中次生孔隙的发育主要为长石、岩屑及胶结物等的溶蚀,而溶蚀强度与流体成分密切相关。塔里木盆地满西地区从上奥陶统—石炭系不同层位、不同地区碎屑岩样品中包裹体的均一温度有差异,分为3个均一温度区间。包裹体流体绝大部分为不成熟氧化性、酸性流体;不同井区、不同层段、不同类型砂岩包裹体的阴离子浓度变化较大,石英加大边中含的包裹体总体阴离子组成单一,浓度低,而方解石胶结物、石英胶结物中包裹体组成复杂,浓度变化很大。储层物性与HCO3-、CO32-、Cl-离子浓度变化大致呈正相关关系,而与NO3-、SO42-离子浓度关系不明显,甚至有相反的变化趋势;研究区有3期油气运移。

安塞油田长2油层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

安塞地区长2油层储层以中细粒长石砂岩为主,主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊-蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用。石英加大级别达 级,加大边含有丰富的有机包体,均一温度范围48.1～76.5oC,烃类进入储层的时间为早白垩世中期至晚白垩世。储层发育多种孔隙类型,面孔率平均为11.60%,主要类型有粒间孔、骨架颗粒溶孔和微裂缝等。残余粒间孔和骨架颗粒溶孔是本区长2储层的主要孔隙类型。根据成岩作用的矿物岩石学标志、有机质成熟度及古温度,将长2油层砂岩的成岩作用划分为3个成岩阶段:早成岩阶段、晚成岩阶段和表生成岩阶段。储层性质明显地受到沉积微相和成岩作用的影响,沉积物粒度较粗、厚度较大的分流河道储集物性明显优于各种粒度较细、厚度较薄的分流间席状砂体。

羌塘盆地南部古油藏带布曲组碳酸盐岩稀土元素特征及意义

在羌塘盆地南部古油藏带布曲组碳酸盐岩的详细岩石学分析基础上,研究不同类型碳酸盐岩的稀土元素特征,结果表明:(1)研究区碳酸盐岩包括灰岩、泥—微晶白云岩、(残余)颗粒白云岩、晶粒白云岩及鞍形白云岩;(2)各类碳酸盐岩均具有较低的稀土元素总量,能够指示沉积或成岩流体的性质,部分鞍形白云岩样品稀土元素总量高于灰岩,预示着可能有外来流体的加入;(3)不同类型碳酸盐岩稀土总量具有差别,但经太平洋表层海水标准化后,具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,La_N/Yb_N平均值为2.86,轻微的轻稀土富集和重稀土亏损,随着白云石化程度的增加,轻稀土富集程度变弱,δCe正异常(平均值2.94)和δEu正异常(平均值1.43),这些特征说明布曲组碳酸盐岩沉积于氧化性质的水体中,白云石化流体主要为同期海源地层水,但在烃类充注以后成岩环境变为还原环境,受早白垩世末期拉萨地体与羌塘地块剪刀式碰撞,研究区布曲组地层中有大气淡水加入,再次受到新生代构造热事件影响,形成鞍形白云岩,构造热事件为Eu^(2+)富集提供温度条件。

低渗透储层不同成岩相可动流体赋存特征及其影响因素分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段储层为例

利用高压压汞、恒速压汞、核磁共振、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等资料,对姬塬地区长6段不同成岩相储层开展可动流体赋存特征及其影响因素分析。结果表明:(1)研究区三类有效成岩相储层,绿泥石膜胶结—残余粒间孔相、长石溶蚀相及高岭石胶结相,微观孔喉差异明显,主要体现在喉道上;(2)从T2谱分析可知,绿泥石膜胶结—残余粒间孔相孔喉半径均匀,连通性好,可动流体饱和度最高,长石溶蚀相次之,可动流体饱和度中等,高岭石胶结相孔隙类型单一且小,可动流体饱和度最低;(3)孔喉半径、主流喉道半径、孔喉半径比及有效孔喉体积是引起不同成岩相储层可动流体赋存特征差异的主控因素,渗透率的大小是影响其饱和度大小的重要因素之一,高岭石和伊利石含量的增多对其可动流体赋存具有破坏作用。