The BOUT Project; Validation and Benchmark of BOUT Code and Experimental Diagnostic Tools for Fusion Boundary Turbulence

A boundary plasma turbulence code BOUT is presented. The preliminary encour- aging results have been obtained when comparing with probe measurements for a typical Ohmic discharge in HT-7 tokamak. The validation and benchmark of BOUT code and experimental diagnostic tools for fusion boundary plasma turbulence is proposed.

Dissociative symptoms and dissociative disorders comorbidity in obsessive compulsive disorder: Symptom screening, diagnostic tools and reflections on treatment

Borderline personality disorder, conversion disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder frequently have dissociative symptoms. The literature has demonstrated that the level of dissociation might be correlated with the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) and that those not responding to treatment had high dissociative symptoms. The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV dissociative disorders, dissociation questionnaire, somatoform dissociation questionnaire and dissociative experiences scale can be used for screening dissociative symptoms and detecting dissociative disorders in patients with OCD. However, a history of neglect and abuse during childhood is linked to a risk factor in the pathogenesis of dissociative psychopathology in adults. The childhood trauma questionnaire-53 and childhood trauma questionnaire-40 can be used for this purpose. Clinicians should not fail to notice the hidden dissociative symptoms and childhood traumatic experiences in OCD cases with severe symptoms that are resistant to treatment. Symptom screening and diagnostic tools used for this purpose should be known. Knowing how to treat these pathologies in patients who are diagnosed with OCD can be crucial.

COVID-19 and ocular complications:A review of ocular manifestations,diagnostic tools,and prevention strategies

Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide.Over time,SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation.As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide,the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant.The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs,but it can also harm other organs secondarily,depending on the patients'co-existing conditions.Main Text:COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion,tear overflow,and conjunctival edema,with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection.The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation.Meanwhile,it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Significantly,there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination,such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy,which have been reported.These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations'propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events.At present,large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.The eye could be a new route of infection,and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection,scientific administrative control management,qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection.Conclusions:This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19,the possible pathogenesis,and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.

An evidenced-based diagnostic tool for superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

Purpose:To construct a symptoms-based prediction tool to assess the likelihood of superior canal dehiscence(SSCD)on high-resolution CT.Materials and methods:Mathematical modeling was employed to predict radiologic evidence of SSCD at a tertiary neurotology referral center.Results:A total of 168 patients were included,of which 118 had imaging-confirmed SSCD.On univariate analysis significant predictors of SSCD presence were:sound/pressure-induced vertigo(p?0.006),disequilibrium(p?0.008),hyperacusis(p?0.008),and autophony(p?0.034).Multivariate analysis enabled a 14-point symptom-weighted tool to be developed,wherein a score of6 raised the suspicion of SSCD(70%likelihood of being present),R2?0.853.Conclusions:The likelihood of SSCD on CT scan can be determined with a high degree of certainty based on symptoms recorded at presentation.Using the evidenced-based diagnostic tool validated herein,a score6 with any symptom combination justifies ordering a CT scan.

射精功能障碍

在射精功能障碍(ejaculatory dysfunction)中,早泄(premature ejaculation,PE),射精延迟(delayed ejaculation,DE),不射精(anejaculation,AE)和逆行射精(retrograde ejaculation,RE)是最为常见的射精功能障碍类型,其他还包括高潮障碍(orgasmic disorder)、射精疼痛(painful ejaculation)、射精后综合征(postorgasmic illness syndrome)等少见情况[1],根据临床的常见情况,本文重点介绍PE和DE。

A multidisciplinary approach to sphincter pharyngoplasty for correction of velopharyngeal dysfunction following repair of cleft palate

Background:Management of severe velopharyngeal dysfunction is best performed by a multispecialty team.This team could include a speech-language pathologist,otolaryngologist,prosthodontist,and a plastic surgeon.The most commonly performed surgical procedures in complicated cases with scarred soft palate are sphincter pharyngoplasty and pharyngeal flaps.In this study,a multidisciplinary approach was applied for proper assessment and surgical intervention using sphincter pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate repair.Methods:Twenty patients underwent sphincter pharyngoplasty.Preoperative diagnosis was performed using auditory perceptual assessment,nasoendoscopy assessment,nasometry,and videofluoroscopy.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative assessments.Bleeding occurred in two patients.Obstructive sleep apnea occurred in three patients and was resolved spontaneously within three months,and one patient experienced slight wound dehiscence.Conclusion:Velopharyngeal dysfunction after cleft palate repair is best treated by a multidisciplinary team through speech therapy together with sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Establishment of an avian leukosis virus subgroup A-resistant cell line

Rapid diagnostic methods for classifying avian leukosis subgroups in the field were needed for routine, large-scale screening. As a first step in method development, we inserted the avian leukosis virus subgroup A （ALV-A） env gene into plasmid pcDNA3.1/Zeo （＋） and used this construct to transfect DF-1 cells. Zeocin-resistant cells were obtained after 2 weeks of zeocin selection. Then, the cells were analyzed using PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot for expression of the envA-encoded envelope protein after 30 serial passages. The DF-1/A cell line was completely resistant to 104 TCIDso/0.1 mL （50% tissue culture infective dose）ALV-A and was partially resistant to 10~ TCIDs0/0.1 mL ALV-A viral particles. By comparing the DF-1/A and DF-1 cell lines, an ALV-A isolate was identified using a gag-specific ELISAfor capsid protein p27. Thus, we established a DF-1/A cell line that was resistant to ALV-A infection. This cell line will be useful as a diagnostic tool.

Cell biomechanics and its applications in human disease diagnosis

Certain diseases are known to cause changes in the physical and biomechanical properties of cells.These include cancer,malaria,and sickle cell anemia among others.Typically,such physical property changes can result in several fold increases or decreases in cell stiffness,which are significant and can result in severe pathology and eventual catastrophic breakdown of the bodily functions.While there are developed biochemical and biological assays to detect the onset or presence of diseases,there is always a need to develop more rapid,precise,and sensitive methods to detect and diagnose diseases.Biomechanical property changes can play a significant role in this regard.As such,research into disease biomechanics can not only give us an in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms underlying disease progression,but can also serve as a powerful tool for detection and diagnosis.This article provides some insights into opportunities for how significant changes in cellular mechanical properties during onset or progression of a disease can be utilized as useful means for detection and diagnosis.We will also showcase several technologies that have already been developed to perform such detection and diagnosis.

Validity of premature ejaculation diagnostic tool and its association with International Index of Erectile Function-15 in Chinese men with evidence-based-defined premature ejaculation

The premature ejaculation diagnostic tool （PEDT） is a brief diagnostic measure to assess premature ejaculation （PE）. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding its validity in the new evidence-based-defined PE. This study was performed to evaluate the validity of PEDT and its association with IIEF-15 in different types of evidence-based-defined PE. From June 2015 to January 2016, a total of 260 men complaining of PE and defined as lifelong PE （LPE）/acquired PE （APE） according to the evidence-based definition from Andrology Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, along with 104 male healthy controls without PE from a medical examination center, were enrolled in this study. All individuals completed questionnaires including demographics, medical and sexual history, as well as PEDT and IIEF-15. After statistical analysis, it was found that men with PE reported higher PEDT scores （14.28 ± 3.05） and lower IIEF-15 （41.26 ± 8.20） than men without PE （PEDT： 5.32 ± 3.42, IIEF-15：52.66 ± 6.86, P 〈 0.001 for both）. It was suggested that a score of 〉9 indicated PE in both LPE and APE by sensitivity and specificity analyses （sensitivity： 0.875, 0.913; specificity： 0.865, 0.865, respectively）. In addition, IIEF-15 were higher in men with LPE （42.64 ± 8.11） than APE （39.43 ± 7.84, P 〈 0.001）. After adjusting for age, IIEF-15 was negatively related to PEDT in men with LPE （adjust r = -0.225, P 〈 0.001） and APE （adjust r = -0.378, P 〈 0.001）. In this study, we concluded that PEDT was valid in the diagnosis of evidenced-based-defined PE. Furthermore, IIEF-15 was negatively related to PEDT in men with different types of PE.

The Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessment Tool: Overview and Insights To-date

Premised on international good practices,the Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessment Tool(TADAT)provides a standardized and objective framework for conducting an evidence-based and outcome-focused assessment of the key strengths and weaknesses of a country’s tax administration system.TADAT is a global tool that applies to any country’s system of tax administration.The results of a TADAT assessment provide country authorities,supported by their capacity development partners,with a baseline to strengthen or develop,and monitor tax administration reform strategies and work plans.

Real time monitoring for analysis of dam stability:Potential of nonlinear elasticity and nonlinear dynamics approaches

Large dams are complex structures with nonlinear dynamic behavior.Engineers often are forced to assess dam safety based on the available incomplete data,which is extremely difficult.This important problem can be solved with the modern theory of complex systems.It is possible to derive characteristics of the whole unknown dynamics of a structure using few data sets of certain carefully selected representative parameter(s).By means of high quality continuous records of some geotechnical characteristic(s)of a dam and modern methods of time series linear/nonlinear analysis the main dynamical features of the entire,unknown process(here—dam deformation)can be analyzed.We created the cost-effective Monitoring Telemetric System for Dam Diagnostics(DAMWATCH),which consists of sensors(tiltmeters),terminal and central controllers connected by the GSM/GPRS Modem to the diagnostic center.The tilt data recorded for varying reservoir level are compared with static design model of dam deformations computed by a finite element method(FEM)for the dam-reservoir-foundation system.Besides,recently developed linear/nonlinear data analysis and prediction schemes may help to quantify fine dynamical features of the dam behavior.The software package DAMTOOL has been developed for this purpose.The differences between measured and theoretically predicted response parameters of the dam may signal abnormal behavior of the object.The data obtained already by testing of the DAMWATCH/DAMTOOL system during operation of the high Enguri arc dam and reservoir(Georgia)show interesting long-term and short-term patterns of tilts in the dam body,which can be used for dam diagnostics.The proposed real-time telemetric monitoring(DAMWATCH)complex and linear/nonlinear dynamical analysis system(DAMTOOL)are unique.

Pelvic muscle floor rehabilitation as a therapeutic option in lifelong premature ejaculation： long-term outcomes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of pelvic floor muscle （PFM） rehabilitation in males with lifelong premature ejaculation （PE）, using intravaginal ejaculatory latency time （IELT） and the self-report Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool （PEDT） as primary outcomes. A total of 154 participants were retrospectively reviewed in this study, with 122 completing the training protocol. At baseline, all participants had an IELT 〈60 s and PEDT score 〉11. Participants completed a 12-week program of PFM rehabilitation, including physio-kinesiotherapy treatment, electrostimulation, and biofeedback, with three sessions per week, with 20 min for each component completed at each session. The effectiveness of intervention was evaluated by comparing the change in the geometric mean of IELT and PEDT values, from baseline, at 3, 6, and 12 months during the intervention, and at 24 and 36 months postintervention, using a paired sample 2-tailed t-test, including the associated 95% confidence intervals. Of the 122 participants who completed PFM rehabilitation, 111 gained control of their ejaculation reflex, with a mean IELT of 161.6 s and PEDT score of 2.3 at the 12-week endpoint of the intervention, representing an increase from baseline of 40.4 s and 17.0 scores, respectively, for IELT and PEDT （P 〈 0.0001）. Of the 95 participants who completed the 36-month follow-up, 64% and 56% maintained satisfactory eiaculation control at 24 and 36 months oostintervention, respectively.

Efficacy and Safety of Qiaoshao Formula(翘芍方) on Patients with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation of Gan(Liver) Depression and Shen(Kidney) Deficiency Syndrome:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of Qiaoshao Formula（翘芍方, QSF） on patients with lifelong premature ejaculation（LPE） of Gan（Liver） depression and Shen（Kidney） deficiency syndrome. Methods： A total of 60 LPE patients were randomly divided into treatment（QSF） and control（dapoxetine） groups. The treatment group received QSF twice a day and the control group received dapoxetine 1 to 2 h prior to planned sexual intercourse for 4 weeks. The outcomes included intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time（IELT）, premature ejaculation diagnostic tool（PEDT）, clinical global impression of change（CGIC）, scores of Chinese medicine symptoms（CMSS）, sex life satisfaction（SLS） and adverse events（AEs）. Results： In the treatment group, the median IELT was 3 min vs. 1.5 min before and after treatment（P〈0.05）. PEDT in the treatment group was reduced to 11.76±1.68 from 15.83±2.30 after treatment（P〈0.05）. Besides, patient＇s SLS was improved from 1.30±0.05 to 6.30±0.04（P〈0.05）, and spouse＇s SLS was increased from 1.30±0.08 to 6.10±0.06（P〈0.05）; CMSS was decrease from 14.86±3.02 to 9.62±2.87（P〈0.05）. In addition, no significant AE was observed in both groups. Conclusion： QSF may be effective and safe on LPE patients with Gan depression and Shen deficiency syndrome.