Based on the thermodynamic stability and hy- drogen bond mechanisms, alkyldibenzothiophene molecular ratios, 4-/1-MDBT, 2,4-/1,4- and 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, are used to characterize organic maturity and oil migration, which ...Based on the thermodynamic stability and hy- drogen bond mechanisms, alkyldibenzothiophene molecular ratios, 4-/1-MDBT, 2,4-/1,4- and 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, are used to characterize organic maturity and oil migration, which can act as molecular tracers for the filling orientation and path- way in oil reservoir. The application of aforesaid molecular parameters, in a Neogene sandstone reservoir of the XJ24-3 Oilfield, Zhujiangkou Basin and in an Ordovician carbonate reservoir of Karst pore-fissure-network type in the Tahe Oil- field, Tarim Basin, manifests that those ratios are reliable tracers compared with other molecular ratios, and thus, al- kyldibezothiophene parameters may be used in a wide range of maturity, especially for high- to post-mature oil and se- verely biodegraded oil, both of which are short of effective molecular parameters.展开更多
Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transi...Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion''.展开更多
Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Conven...Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shan- dong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%- 57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.展开更多
文摘Based on the thermodynamic stability and hy- drogen bond mechanisms, alkyldibenzothiophene molecular ratios, 4-/1-MDBT, 2,4-/1,4- and 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, are used to characterize organic maturity and oil migration, which can act as molecular tracers for the filling orientation and path- way in oil reservoir. The application of aforesaid molecular parameters, in a Neogene sandstone reservoir of the XJ24-3 Oilfield, Zhujiangkou Basin and in an Ordovician carbonate reservoir of Karst pore-fissure-network type in the Tahe Oil- field, Tarim Basin, manifests that those ratios are reliable tracers compared with other molecular ratios, and thus, al- kyldibezothiophene parameters may be used in a wide range of maturity, especially for high- to post-mature oil and se- verely biodegraded oil, both of which are short of effective molecular parameters.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB808805)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (41125009)
文摘Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion''.
文摘Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shan- dong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%- 57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.
