Aim： To investigate possible correlation factors for prostate cancer by a population-based case-control study in China. Methods： We carded out a mass screening of prostate cancer in Changchun, China, using a prostat...Aim： To investigate possible correlation factors for prostate cancer by a population-based case-control study in China. Methods： We carded out a mass screening of prostate cancer in Changchun, China, using a prostate-specific antigen assisted by Japan International Cooperation Agency. From June 1998 to December 2000, 3 940 men over 50 years old were screened. Of these, 29 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. We selected 28 cases and matched them with controls of low prostate-specific antigen value （〈 4.1 ng/mL） by 1：10 according to age and place of employment. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer was then carded out. Results： After adjustment for education, body mass index （BMI）, smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage and diet, intake of soybean product was discovered to be inversely related to prostate cancer. Men who consumed soybean product more than twice per week on different days had a multivariate odds ratio （OR） of 0.38 （95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-1.12）. In addition, men who consumed soybean products more than once per day had a multivariate OR of 0.29 （95% CI, 0.11-0.79） compared with men who consumed soybean products less than once per week. The P for trend was 0.02, which showed significant difference. There was no significant difference in P trend for any dairy food. Even when we matched the cases and controls by other criteria, we found that soybean food was the only preventive factor associated with prostate cancer. Conclusion： Our study suggests that consumption of soybeans, one of the most popular foods in Asia, would decrease the risk of prostate cancer.展开更多
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of t...Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.展开更多
Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herba...Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herbal formula MCC, which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulate (CR) and L-carnitine (CA), reduced the weight gain in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment with MCC (6 g/kg/day × 40 doses) and various combinations of its constituents in HFD-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Total and differential adiposity, plasma lipid contents, metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured. Glucose homeostasis was also assessed. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, total and differential adiposity, and plasma lipid contents as well as impaired metabolic status in skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis. MCC and all combinations of its constituents reduced the weight gain in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied with an improvement on glucose homeostasis. While MC, CA and CR independently suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in mice, MC seems to be the most effective in weight reduction, all of which correlated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Only CA and CR, but not MC, significantly reduced the total adiposity and visceral adiposity as well as plasma cholesterol level. However, the two component combinations, MC + CR and MC + CA, decreased the degree of visceral adiposity and plasma cholesterol level, respectively. MCC treatment at 1.5 g/kg (but not a higher dose of 6 g/kg) suppressed visceral adiposity and induced mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice. The finding suggests that MCC may offer a promising prospect for ameliorating the diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in humans.展开更多
In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effectiv...In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effective for the management of T2DM:the Mediterranean diet,the vegetarian diet and the low-calorie diet.Results of studies clearly indicate,however,that the efficacy of these diets is not solely related to the biochemical structure of the individual nutrients they contain.This review discusses this point with reference to the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetes.The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet is rich in carbohydrates,whole grains and vegetables,with no animal fat or protein or added sugar.In shortand medium-term trials conducted in patients with T2 DM,the Ma-Pi 2 diet has been found to significantly improve indicators of metabolic control,including fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,the serum lipid profile,body mass index,body weight and blood pressure.The diet may also alter the gut microbiota composition,which could additionally affect glycemic control.As a result,the Ma-Pi 2 diet could be considered a valid additional shortto medium-term treatment for T2 DM.展开更多
目的:探讨给予妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者限能量膳食(CRD)方案联合低强度连续运动在血糖控制中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年6月北京怀柔医院收治的GDM患者共计350例,以干预方法的不同分成研究组(175例)与对照组(175例),对照组给...目的:探讨给予妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者限能量膳食(CRD)方案联合低强度连续运动在血糖控制中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年6月北京怀柔医院收治的GDM患者共计350例,以干预方法的不同分成研究组(175例)与对照组(175例),对照组给予常规干预,研究组给予CRD方案联合低强度连续运动干预,比较两组血糖水平、血脂水平、胰岛素使用情况、分娩方式、母婴结局及生活质量。结果:干预后两组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FPG)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组胰岛素使用率、剖宫产率均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良母婴结局发生率21.71%(38/175)较对照组的33.71%(59/175)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(DSQL)评分均下降,研究组较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:给予GDM患者CRD方案联合低强度连续运动,能够调节血糖、血脂水平,改善胰岛素使用情况,降低剖宫产率、不良母婴结局发生率,提高患者生活质量。展开更多
目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进...目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进行编号排序,奇数进入干预组(n=80),偶数进入对照组(n=79),患者均不知晓其所在的组别。干预前对所有患者建立档案,并进行饮食控制依从性问卷调查。对照组采用传统教育方式,参加科室专题讲座;干预组在对照组的基础上,运用跨理论模式,根据患者所处的饮食控制行为改变阶段,针对饮食控制方面问题进行一对一个体化干预。出院后两组均给予电话随访,1次/月,连续6个月。比较两组干预前后糖尿病饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标。结果两组干预前饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后BMI、SBP、FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c、TG间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而DBP、TC、HDL、LDL间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跨理论模式健康教育在改善老年T2DM患者饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标方面,效果优于传统教育,是科学、可行、有效的。展开更多
基金We would appreciate the contribution of Prof. Kuwahara （Miyagi Prefecture Cancer Center, Japan） in this project. We would appreciate Mr. Robert Lister＇s critical reading and revision of our manuscript. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30700827）, Changchun City Science and Technology Department （Grant No. 2007125）, and Northeast Normal University （Grant No. NENU-STC07005）.
文摘Aim： To investigate possible correlation factors for prostate cancer by a population-based case-control study in China. Methods： We carded out a mass screening of prostate cancer in Changchun, China, using a prostate-specific antigen assisted by Japan International Cooperation Agency. From June 1998 to December 2000, 3 940 men over 50 years old were screened. Of these, 29 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. We selected 28 cases and matched them with controls of low prostate-specific antigen value （〈 4.1 ng/mL） by 1：10 according to age and place of employment. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer was then carded out. Results： After adjustment for education, body mass index （BMI）, smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage and diet, intake of soybean product was discovered to be inversely related to prostate cancer. Men who consumed soybean product more than twice per week on different days had a multivariate odds ratio （OR） of 0.38 （95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-1.12）. In addition, men who consumed soybean products more than once per day had a multivariate OR of 0.29 （95% CI, 0.11-0.79） compared with men who consumed soybean products less than once per week. The P for trend was 0.02, which showed significant difference. There was no significant difference in P trend for any dairy food. Even when we matched the cases and controls by other criteria, we found that soybean food was the only preventive factor associated with prostate cancer. Conclusion： Our study suggests that consumption of soybeans, one of the most popular foods in Asia, would decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
基金This study was funded by a grant from the National Cancer Centre Singapore Research Fund(CEFIA 08113-25260790-CREF-IARC)(Grant No.CEFIA08136).
文摘Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.
文摘Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herbal formula MCC, which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulate (CR) and L-carnitine (CA), reduced the weight gain in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment with MCC (6 g/kg/day × 40 doses) and various combinations of its constituents in HFD-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Total and differential adiposity, plasma lipid contents, metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured. Glucose homeostasis was also assessed. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, total and differential adiposity, and plasma lipid contents as well as impaired metabolic status in skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis. MCC and all combinations of its constituents reduced the weight gain in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied with an improvement on glucose homeostasis. While MC, CA and CR independently suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in mice, MC seems to be the most effective in weight reduction, all of which correlated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Only CA and CR, but not MC, significantly reduced the total adiposity and visceral adiposity as well as plasma cholesterol level. However, the two component combinations, MC + CR and MC + CA, decreased the degree of visceral adiposity and plasma cholesterol level, respectively. MCC treatment at 1.5 g/kg (but not a higher dose of 6 g/kg) suppressed visceral adiposity and induced mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice. The finding suggests that MCC may offer a promising prospect for ameliorating the diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in humans.
文摘In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effective for the management of T2DM:the Mediterranean diet,the vegetarian diet and the low-calorie diet.Results of studies clearly indicate,however,that the efficacy of these diets is not solely related to the biochemical structure of the individual nutrients they contain.This review discusses this point with reference to the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetes.The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet is rich in carbohydrates,whole grains and vegetables,with no animal fat or protein or added sugar.In shortand medium-term trials conducted in patients with T2 DM,the Ma-Pi 2 diet has been found to significantly improve indicators of metabolic control,including fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,the serum lipid profile,body mass index,body weight and blood pressure.The diet may also alter the gut microbiota composition,which could additionally affect glycemic control.As a result,the Ma-Pi 2 diet could be considered a valid additional shortto medium-term treatment for T2 DM.
文摘目的:探讨给予妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者限能量膳食(CRD)方案联合低强度连续运动在血糖控制中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年6月北京怀柔医院收治的GDM患者共计350例,以干预方法的不同分成研究组(175例)与对照组(175例),对照组给予常规干预,研究组给予CRD方案联合低强度连续运动干预,比较两组血糖水平、血脂水平、胰岛素使用情况、分娩方式、母婴结局及生活质量。结果:干预后两组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FPG)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组胰岛素使用率、剖宫产率均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良母婴结局发生率21.71%(38/175)较对照组的33.71%(59/175)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(DSQL)评分均下降,研究组较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:给予GDM患者CRD方案联合低强度连续运动,能够调节血糖、血脂水平,改善胰岛素使用情况,降低剖宫产率、不良母婴结局发生率,提高患者生活质量。
文摘目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进行编号排序,奇数进入干预组(n=80),偶数进入对照组(n=79),患者均不知晓其所在的组别。干预前对所有患者建立档案,并进行饮食控制依从性问卷调查。对照组采用传统教育方式,参加科室专题讲座;干预组在对照组的基础上,运用跨理论模式,根据患者所处的饮食控制行为改变阶段,针对饮食控制方面问题进行一对一个体化干预。出院后两组均给予电话随访,1次/月,连续6个月。比较两组干预前后糖尿病饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标。结果两组干预前饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后BMI、SBP、FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c、TG间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而DBP、TC、HDL、LDL间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跨理论模式健康教育在改善老年T2DM患者饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标方面,效果优于传统教育,是科学、可行、有效的。
