<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> A healthy diet is essential for optimal diabetes management. However, dietary habits vary from one region to another, making ...<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> A healthy diet is essential for optimal diabetes management. However, dietary habits vary from one region to another, making it challenging to standardize practices. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the diet habits of patients living with diabetes in Guinea. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a dietary habits survey among 102 patients living with diabetes followed-up at the University Hospital of Conakry in Guinea between January and March 2012. Data were collected by individual interview on the basis of a three-item questionnaire: diabetes data, diet mode, and food composition. <strong>Results:</strong> In total, 85% of patients were consuming 3 meals daily;13.7% had a collation and 25% had snacking habits. The meal was individual in 82.4% and collective in 17.6% of patients. The main foods consumed daily were: rice (93.1%), fish (93.1%), palm oil (91.1%), bread (87.2%). Foods consumed regularly (2 to 3 times a week) were: meat (49%), eggs (23.5%), dairy products (34.3%), fruit (43.1%), vegetables (40.2%) and peanut oil (21.5%). The food bans reported were: regular sugar (100%), sodas (62.7%), peanuts (84.3%) and sweetened fruits (55.8%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Combining dietary recommendations and dietary habits is essential for appropriate management of diabetic patients. The assessment of local food glycemic indexes and the training of dietitians remains a challenge in our context.</span>展开更多
In most arid and semi-arid regions of the world, domestic livestock and native wildlife share pastures, and their competition for forage and habitat is thought to be a serious conservation issue. Moreover, unmanaged g...In most arid and semi-arid regions of the world, domestic livestock and native wildlife share pastures, and their competition for forage and habitat is thought to be a serious conservation issue. Moreover, unmanaged grazing by livestock can cause the population decline in wild ungulates. The diet of an animal species is a determining aspect of its ecological niche, and investigating its diet has been one of the initial steps in basic ecology study of a new species. To get an approximate understanding of the interspecific food relationships of argali（Ovis ammon darwini） between sexes, and sympatric domestic sheep and goats, we compared the diet compositions and diet-overlaps among these herbivores, i.e., male argali, female argali, domestic sheep, and domestic goats in the Mengluoke Mountains of Xinjiang, China by using micro-histological fecal analysis. Female argali, male argali, domestic sheep and domestic goat primarily consumed forbs（43.31%±4.86%）, grass（36.02%±9.32%）, forbs（41.01%±9.18%）, and forbs（36.22%±10.61%）, respectively in warm season. All these animals consumed mostly shrubs（female argali： 36.47%±7.56%; male argali： 47.28%±10.75%; domestic sheep： 40.46%±9.56%; and domestic goats： 42.88%±9.34%, respectively） in cold season. The diet-overlaps were relatively high among all species in cold season with values ranging from 0.88 to 0.94. Furthermore, Schoener＇s index measured between each possible pair of 4 herbivores increased from the warm season to the cold season. The results illustrate that the high degree of diet-overlap of argali and domestic livestock（sheep and goat） may pose a threat to the survival of the argali in cold season. From the viewpoint of rangeland management and conservation of the endangered argali, the numbers of domestic sheep and goats should be limited in cold season to reduce food competition.展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> A healthy diet is essential for optimal diabetes management. However, dietary habits vary from one region to another, making it challenging to standardize practices. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the diet habits of patients living with diabetes in Guinea. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a dietary habits survey among 102 patients living with diabetes followed-up at the University Hospital of Conakry in Guinea between January and March 2012. Data were collected by individual interview on the basis of a three-item questionnaire: diabetes data, diet mode, and food composition. <strong>Results:</strong> In total, 85% of patients were consuming 3 meals daily;13.7% had a collation and 25% had snacking habits. The meal was individual in 82.4% and collective in 17.6% of patients. The main foods consumed daily were: rice (93.1%), fish (93.1%), palm oil (91.1%), bread (87.2%). Foods consumed regularly (2 to 3 times a week) were: meat (49%), eggs (23.5%), dairy products (34.3%), fruit (43.1%), vegetables (40.2%) and peanut oil (21.5%). The food bans reported were: regular sugar (100%), sodas (62.7%), peanuts (84.3%) and sweetened fruits (55.8%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Combining dietary recommendations and dietary habits is essential for appropriate management of diabetic patients. The assessment of local food glycemic indexes and the training of dietitians remains a challenge in our context.</span>
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC0503307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31661143019,4151101357,U1303301)
文摘In most arid and semi-arid regions of the world, domestic livestock and native wildlife share pastures, and their competition for forage and habitat is thought to be a serious conservation issue. Moreover, unmanaged grazing by livestock can cause the population decline in wild ungulates. The diet of an animal species is a determining aspect of its ecological niche, and investigating its diet has been one of the initial steps in basic ecology study of a new species. To get an approximate understanding of the interspecific food relationships of argali（Ovis ammon darwini） between sexes, and sympatric domestic sheep and goats, we compared the diet compositions and diet-overlaps among these herbivores, i.e., male argali, female argali, domestic sheep, and domestic goats in the Mengluoke Mountains of Xinjiang, China by using micro-histological fecal analysis. Female argali, male argali, domestic sheep and domestic goat primarily consumed forbs（43.31%±4.86%）, grass（36.02%±9.32%）, forbs（41.01%±9.18%）, and forbs（36.22%±10.61%）, respectively in warm season. All these animals consumed mostly shrubs（female argali： 36.47%±7.56%; male argali： 47.28%±10.75%; domestic sheep： 40.46%±9.56%; and domestic goats： 42.88%±9.34%, respectively） in cold season. The diet-overlaps were relatively high among all species in cold season with values ranging from 0.88 to 0.94. Furthermore, Schoener＇s index measured between each possible pair of 4 herbivores increased from the warm season to the cold season. The results illustrate that the high degree of diet-overlap of argali and domestic livestock（sheep and goat） may pose a threat to the survival of the argali in cold season. From the viewpoint of rangeland management and conservation of the endangered argali, the numbers of domestic sheep and goats should be limited in cold season to reduce food competition.
