Effects of dietary management combined with exercise interventions on type 2 diabetes:A pilot before-after study in the same patient

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3500401),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82205250)and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2021QH056).

I must eat what I want: A roadblock to type 2 diabetes management

Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is considered as one of the most common diseases,which is associated with irreversible risk factors such as age,gene,race,ethnicity,and reversible factors such as diet,physical activity,and smoking.Noncompliance to dietary regimen is the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of T2DM among developing countries.Recently,elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications.Improvement in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management;thus,this study found that improvement in patients’dietary knowledge,attitude toward,and compliance to diet regimen will promote a better control of the disease.In conclusion,the stakeholders(health-care providers,health facilities,agencies involved in T2DM care)should educate the patients on the importance of dietary modification in the disease management.Similarly,there is a need for nurses and other health care professionals to advocate and promote a better holistic management that will encourage patients participation and family involvement in the care.

Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

Children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)or autism are more prone to gastrointestinal(GI)disorders than the general population.These disorders can significantly affect their health,learning,and development due to various factors such as genetics,environment,and behavior.The causes of GI disorders in children with ASD can include gut dysbiosis,immune dysfunction,food sensitivities,digestive enzyme deficiencies,and sensory processing differences.Many studies suggest that numerous children with ASD experience GI problems,and effective management is crucial.Diagnosing autism is typically done through genetic,neurological,functional,and behavioral assessments and observations,while GI tests are not consistently reliable.Some GI tests may increase the risk of developing ASD or exacerbating symptoms.Addressing GI issues in individuals with ASD can improve their overall well-being,leading to better behavior,cognitive function,and educational abilities.Proper management can improve digestion,nutrient absorption,and appetite by relieving physical discomfort and pain.Alleviating GI symptoms can improve sleep patterns,increase energy levels,and contribute to a general sense of well-being,ultimately leading to a better quality of life for the individual and improved family dynamics.The primary goal of GI interventions is to improve nutritional status,reduce symptom severity,promote a balanced mood,and increase patient independence.

Safety and efficacy of Profermin~to induce remission in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To test the efficacy and safety of Profermin in inducing remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The study included 39 patients with mild to moderate UC defined as a Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index(SCCAI)>4 and<12(median:7.5),who were treated open-label with Profermintwice daily for 24 wk.Daily SCCAI was reported observer blinded via the Internet.RESULTS:In an intention to treat(ITT)analysis,the mean reduction in SCCAI score was 56.5%.Of the 39 patients,24(62%)reached the primary endpoint,which was proportion of patients with≥50%reduction in SCCAI.Our secondary endpoint,the proportion of patients in remission defined as SCCAI≤2.5,was in ITT analysis reached in 18 of the 39 patients(46%).In a repeated-measure regression analysis,the estimated mean reduction in score was 5.0 points(95%CI:4.1-5.9,P<0.001)and the estimated mean time taken to obtain half the reduction in score was 28 d(95%CI:26-30).There were no serious adverse events(AEs)or withdrawals due to AEs.Profermin was generally well tolerated.CONCLUSION:Profermin is safe and may be effective in inducing remission of active UC.

Adherence to dietary prescriptions in patients with acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome(FPIES)is a non-Immunoglobulin(non-IgE)-mediated food allergy.The elimination diet is the only therapy,the culprit food will be reintroduced if tolerance is acquired.However,it is possible that patients do not follow the recommendations given by the healthcare professional.We investigated if our advice to avoid the trigger food in patients with active FPIES and to reintroduce it in the diet in patients who achieved tolerance had been implemented.We interviewed by telephone the parents of children who were diagnosed with acute FPIES.About 23.2%of our patients disregarded our dietary recommendations:6/42(14.3%)of patients who passed a tolerance oral food challenge(OFC)did not eat the trigger food,4/22(18.2%)of patients who failed OFC ate the trigger food,and 9/18(50.0%)of patients who did not perform a tolerance OFC ate the trigger food.We have analyzed some possible influencing factors and no difference was found to be statistically significant.Our results are in line with those reported for IgE-mediated food allergies.As has already been proposed by others,we suggest reassessing food consumption in all patients after a food challenge.

Advances in metabolomics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic lung disease with limited airflow.COPD is charac-terized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema,and is often accompanied by malnutrition with fatigue,muscle weakness,and an increased risk of infection.Although the pulmonary function test is used as the gold crite-rion for diagnosing COPD,it is unable to identify early COPD or classify the subtypes,thereby impeding early intervention and the precise diagnosis of COPD.Recent evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction,such as changes in lipids,amino acids,glucose,nucleotides,and microbial metabolites in the lungs and intestine,have a great potential for diagnosing COPD in the early stage.However,a comprehensive summary of these metabolites and their effects on COPD is still lacking.This review summarizes the metabolites that are changed in COPD and highlights some promising early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.We emphasize that intensified dietary management may be among the most feasible methods to improve metabolism in the body.

Effect of Weight Loss on In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Outcome

Background:To assess the effect of weight loss in overweight and/or obese women on the in vitro fertilization(IVF)treatment outcome before IVF cycles by a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Methods:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies were conducted.Systematic literature searches were conducted,and all randomized trials that evaluated the impact of weight loss in IVF treatment cycles were included in the study.Study selection,quality estimation,and data extractions were performed independently and in duplicate.Results:A total of 924 patients were enrolled in seven studies;the effects of weight loss on the IVF treatment outcome before the IVF treatment cycle were assessed.The clinical pregnancy rate(risk ratio[RR]:1.61,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15-2.27),miscarriage rate(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.34-0.93),and live birth rate(RR:1.86,95%CI:1.41-2.45)had a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control group.No significant differences were observed in the number of oocytes retrieved(weighted mean difference[WMD]:0.84,95%CI:−0.12-1.79),gonadotropin consumption(WMD:2.59,95%CI:−6.61-1.42),or the duration of stimulation(WMD:−0.46,95%CI:−1.64-0.71).Conclusions:Before IVF treatment,obese and overweight women should lose weight by physical activity and/or dietary management because weight loss can improve pregnancy rate,reduce miscarriage rate,and meliorate live birth rate.At the same time,further prospective RCTs are required to establish which methods of weight loss are most suited to this purpose,as well as determining whether cut points for body mass index need to be recommended before accessing IVF.