Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide in Binary Mixture of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and Water

The solubility and hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide in binary mixture of diethylene glycol diethyl ether and water are studied as a function of composition. The use of an aqueous solution of diethylene glycol diethyl ether enhances the solubility and hydrolysis rate of carbonyl sulfide compared with that in pure water. The composition of the mixture with maximum hydrolysis rate varies with temperature. The thermophysical properties including density, viscosity, and surface tension as a function of composition at 20℃ under atmospheric pressure as well as liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data over the temperature range from 28℃ to 90℃ are also measured for the binary mixture.

ELECTROCHEMICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF 3-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)THIOPHENE AND 3-METHYLTHIOPHENE IN BORON TRIFLUORIDE DIETHYL ETHERATE

The copolymer poly（3-（4-fluorophenyl）thiophene-co-3-methylthiophene） was successfully prepared from mixtures of 3-（4-fluorophenyl）thiophene （FPT） and 3-methylthiophene （MET） via electrochemical oxidation in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE） and its mixed electrolytes with acetonitrile （ACN）. The influence of monomer concentration ratios on the copolymerization was investigated by using linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The structure and morphology of these copolymer films were elucidated by UV-Vis, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. The results showed that the molar ratio of FPT and MeT units, when copolymer was electrodeposited from feed ratio of FPT：MeT = 1：2, was about 1.08：1. In addition, the introduction of ACN into BFEE has little effect on the properties of as-formed copolymers.

ELECTROCHEMICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF DIBENZOFURAN AND 3-METHYLTHIOPHENE IN BORON TRIFLUORIDE DIETHYL ETHERATE

The copolymerization of dibenzofuran(DBF)and 3-methylthiophene(MET)was successfully achieved electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of the monomer mixtures in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate.The effects of applied polymerization potential and the monomer concentration ratios on the copolymerization were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry(CV).The structure of copolymer films were investigated by UV-Vis,infrared spectroscopy,thermal analysis.As-formed novel copolymers own...

ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION OF 5-CYANOINDOLE IN MIXED ELECTROLYTES OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE DIETHYL ETHERATE AND DIETHYL ETHER

High quality poly（5-cyanoindole） （P5CI） films were electrosynthesized by direct anodic oxidation of 5-cyanoindole on stainless steel sheet in the mixed electrolytes of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE） and diethyl ether （EE） （by volume 1：1） ＋ 0,05 mol L^-1 Bu4NBF4. The film formed can be peeled off the electrode into freestanding films, The addition of EE into BFEE can improve the solubility of monomer. P5CI films obtained from this medium showed excellent electrochemical behavior with conductivity of 10^-2 S cm^-1, Structural studies showed that the polymerization of 5-cyanoindole occurred at the 2,3 position. As-formed P5CI films were thoroughly soluble in strong polar organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） while partly soluble in tetrahydrofuran （THF） or acetone. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that P5CI was a good blue-ight emitter.

Performance and combustion study of a low heat rejection engine running with biogas–diethyl ether–diesel

The present research focuses on addressing the faster depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution in addition to the energy crisis that hinders the progress of a nation.In the current research,waste banana leaves were considered as substrates for biogas production.Biogas is taken as the primary fuel in dual fuel(DF)operations to maximize possible diesel savings.The performance and combustion assessment were executed in a low heat rejection(LHR)engine using 5%diethyl ether by volume blended with diesel(5DEE)as pilot fuel.The combustion attributes of the engine reveal that the apex of net heat release rate(NHRR)curve retarded a bit as compared to apex of base result.The peak cylinder pressure was noted to be 6.19 MPa in the LHR engine running with 5DEE+biogas at 11.7°crank angle(CA)after top dead center(aTDC)compared to 5.23 MPa for the diesel alone operation at the same position.The apex point for NHRR was observed to be 54.51 J(°)^(−1)for 5DEE+biogas in LHR engine positioned at 3.2°aTDC.The brake thermal efficiency at full engine load operation decreased by 12.7%and 5.2%for biogas substitutions of 0.8 kg h^(−1)with diesel and 5DEE,respectively,compared to the base result.The smoke opacity and nitric oxide emissions were reduced during the DF run accompanied by diethyl ether as a fuel additive.

Chemical Interpretation on the Multi-Stage Oxidation of Diethyl Ether

Multi-stage ignition and/or double NTC(negative temperature coefficient)behavior resulted from the low-temperature oxidation of ether compounds are still not clearly explained.We have investigated the oxidation mechanism of a stoichiometric DEE(diethyl ether)/air mixture by using a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile to see the detail of low-temperature weak flame structure.The simulation was also performed to understand the chemical kinetics mechanism of observed weak flame structure.Chemiluminescence measurement showed separated weak flame in the temperature range of 600 K-800 K.The simulation also qualitatively reproduced this separated weak flame,and showed four peak of heat release.From the reaction flow analysis,it was found that(1)O-O bond scission reaction of keto-hydroperoxide produced by DEE,(2)O-O bond scission reaction of CH3O2H,CH3CO3H,and C2H5O2H,(3)O-O bond scission reaction of H2O2,and(4)H+O2=O+OH are key chain branching reactions to explain the multi-stage oxidation.

Detection of Diethyl Ether by a Europium MOF through Fluorescence Enhancement

A new water-stable europium MOF,(Me_(2)NH_(2))[Eu(abtc)(phen)]·2H_(2)O (1),has been synthesized from Eu(NO_(3))_(3)·6H_(2)O with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid (H_4abtc) ligands under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,IR,TGA and PXRD.It crystallizes in monoclinic system,C2/c space group,with a=16.278(3),b=14.261(3),c=27.936(5)?,b=103.464(3)°,V=6307(2)A^(3),Z=8,C_(30)H_(26)Eu N_5O_(10),M_(r)=768.5,D_(c)=1.543 g/cm^(3),F(000)=2912,m(Mo Ka)=2.044 mm^(-1),R=0.0315 and w R=0.0663.In the structure of 1,the Eu O_7N_(2) polyhedra are assembled into a 2D layer with rhombic windows and these layers are further condensed to form a 3D framework.It can be used as selective and sensitive fluorescence sensors capable of detecting diethyl ether vapor.

Flame instability analysis of diethyl ether-air premixed mixtures at elevated pressures

Combustion characteristics of premixed diethyl ether-air mixtures were studied at different equivalence ratios and elevated initial pressures using schlieren photography and spherically propagating flame. Laminar burning velocities, Markstein number and critical radii at onset of cellular structure were obtained. The results show that an increase in initial pressure leads to a decrease in the unstretched laminar burning velocities. Laminar burning velocities give their peak values at the equivalence ratio of 1.1. Markstein number decrease with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio, indicating that the instability of flame front is increased with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio. The critical radii at onset of cellular flame structure are decreased with the increase of initial pressure.

含乙醚的化工过程安全设计-以无水无氧条件下α-AlH_(3)的制备为例

含能材料氢化铝(α-AlH_(3))的制备常采用湿法工艺,即以AlCl_(3)和LiAlH_(4)为原料,乙醚为溶剂,无水无氧条件下先得到中间产物AlH_(3)•n(Et2O),后在甲苯和环己烷混合液中于80℃脱醚、结晶得到产品。针对该工艺出现安全问题可能性较大的情况,基于本质安全的设计原则,提出了含乙醚过程安全设计的策略,包括工艺的选择和连续化、乙醚的过氧化物含量检测、乙醚在工艺中的存储和输送、乙醚泄漏量的估算及可燃气体报警器布点的方法、静电防护、职业卫生和应急处置预案等,为含乙醚的化工过程的安全设计提供了有益的参考。

乙醚掺混对汽油喷雾发展和蒸发特性影响研究

为开发汽油压燃(GCI)发动机可靠冷启动技术,采用实验和数值模拟结合方法研究了汽油、乙醚及其掺混燃料(掺混比为10%~50%)在不同工况下的喷雾发展及蒸发特性。结果表明,可视化实验及数值模拟获得的喷雾宏观形貌及液相截面落点分布结果吻合良好,且随着乙醚掺混比例的增加,喷雾贯穿距离与喷雾锥角增加幅度最高分别可达20%、10%,喷雾的粒径略有减小,但喷雾的蒸发程度明显增大;基于挂滴法开展的燃料液滴蒸发特性实验证实了乙醚掺混对于掺混燃料的蒸发具有显著促进作用;相同工况下,不同掺混百分比的掺混燃料的蒸发速率均先增大后减小,相比于汽油能够更快达到峰值,并且随着乙醚掺混比的提高,燃料喷雾蒸发速率得到了明显提高。结合实验与模拟研究结果,认为通过掺混高活性的乙醚,在提高汽油燃料雾化质量的同时,能够大幅提升燃油的蒸发速率,从而帮助提高缸内可燃混合气的形成质量,有望克服GCI发动机冷启动性能差的缺点。

乙醚溶液荧光光谱特性及其机理研究

研究了低浓度乙醚水溶液在紫外光激励下的荧光光谱,以及其荧光特性随激发光波长和乙醚溶液浓度改变的变化规律,并对其产生机理和谱线特性进行了分析和探讨。结果显示,乙醚溶液在306 nm附近出现明显的荧光峰,其最佳激励波长为245 nm,且在292 nm处还有次峰出现。激发光波长改变时,相应的荧光峰值位置基本不变,且荧光峰的强度随激发光波长的变化呈高斯分布。荧光次峰和主峰的强度产生竞争。随浓度增加,306 nm处的荧光强度线性增强,当增至7%后,发生浓度猝灭,强度线性减弱。研究结果将为检测有毒、麻醉物质——乙醚的浓度及纯度等提供参考。

乙醚-甲醇-正丁醇多元系汽液平衡的热力学性质

用新型泵式沸点仪测定了在101.325 kPa下乙醚-甲醇、乙醚-正丁醇、甲醇-正丁醇3个二元系以及乙醚-甲醇-正丁醇三元系在不同液相组成时的沸点,并用间接法Tpx推算了3个二元系的汽相平衡组成y。3个二元体系活度系数分别用Wilson模型、NRTL模型、Margules模型和van Laar模型进行关联,用最小二乘法求出了它们的液相活度系数模型参数,同时,用这些模型参数来计算它们的汽相组成y。所得的液相活度系数来计算3个二元体系的超额吉布斯自由能函数GE/RT,并且研究的所有体系之间不存在共沸点。用3个二元系Wilson模型、NRTL模型、Margules模型和van Laar模型参数分别对所测的三元系数据进行关联,建立该系统汽液平衡的热力学模型并计算平衡时的汽相组成y和泡点温度。由面积积分法检验这些模型参数计算的3个二元体系相平衡数据得到很好的热力学一致性。

9,9-二辛基芴的电化学聚合

在三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)中,9,9-二辛基芴可以直接阳极氧化制备高质量聚(9,9-二辛基芴)膜,其电导率为1×10-2S/cm.9,9-二辛基芴在BFEE中的起始氧化电位为1.25Vvs.SCE,低于单体在0.1mol/LBu4NBF4的乙腈溶液体系中的起始氧化电位(1.52Vvs.SCE).BFEE中获得的聚(9,9-二辛基芴)膜具有良好的电化学性质.聚合物部分溶于氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜等极性溶剂.FTIR和1HNMR表明聚合反应主要发生在2,7位.荧光光谱表明聚合物是一种良好的蓝色荧光物质.

三氟化硼乙醚溶液中卤代芴的电化学聚合

在三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)溶液中9-溴芴和9,9-二氯芴可以直接阳极氧化制备聚(9-溴芴)和聚(9,9-二氯芴).单体在BFEE中的起始氧化电位远低于在乙腈体系中的起始氧化电位.聚(9-溴芴)和聚(9,9-二氯芴)均可溶于强极性有机溶剂,如二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃等,并分别表现出良好的蓝色和黄绿色发光性能,其电导率测定为10-1S/cm.红外光谱和核磁共振波谱表明聚合反应主要发生在2,7位.

甲醇-三氟化硼乙醚混合质子电解质

甲醇和三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)本身离子电导率很低,向甲醇溶液中加入少量BFEE可以形成良好的质子电解质溶液.随着甲醇中BFEE浓度的变化,溶液的离子电导率具有最大值,达20mS/cm.红外光谱和1HNMR研究表明混合电解质中的主要导电离子为MeOH2+和MeOBF3-.

过氧化氢-乙醚法制备脱蛋白骨的理化性质研究

目的探讨过氧化氢-乙醚法制备脱蛋白骨(deproteinized bone,DPB)的理化性质。方法采用过氧化氢-乙醚法将大白兔干骺端松质骨脱脂、脱蛋白制作成生物衍生骨材料——DPB。倒置相差显微镜、体视学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察DPB材料外表面、孔隙内表面结构、孔径大小和孔间交通情况。pH计检测仪检测DPB材料的培养液pH值。光学显微镜观察微生物生长情况。微量凯氏定氮法检测DPB材料中蛋白质含量。结果倒置相差显微镜、体视学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察结果显示,DPB材料具有原骨组织的三维多孔-网架结构系统。计算机图像分析系统结果显示,孔隙率为(83.26±5.35)%;孔径最大径为(315.11±17.51)μm,最小径为(109.37±11.33)μm。浸泡DPB材料组培养液pH为7.383±0.015,空白对照组培养液pH为7.380±0.020。光学显微镜下观察结果显示,DPB材料的培养液未发现细菌或霉菌生长。DPB蛋白质含量为(20.4±1.2)%。结论由松质骨来源制作的DPB是一种较理想的组织工程骨生物支架材料。

乙醚云雾场燃爆参数实验研究

基于自行研发的20 L二次脉冲气动喷雾多相爆炸测试系统和全散射粒径测量系统,对乙醚液体燃料瞬态雾化云雾场的燃爆参数进行实验研究。通过调节气动压力、设计喷雾剂量,得到了粒径相同、质量浓度不同的乙醚云雾燃爆超压、温度及点火延迟时间等燃爆参数。结果表明,在索特平均直径为22.90μm的条件下:乙醚云雾与空气混合物的燃爆下限为80.26 g/m^3,燃爆上限为417.34 g/m^3;最大超压峰值为0.78 MPa,其出现在云雾质量浓度为278.23 g/m^3时;最大爆温峰值为1 260℃,其出现在云雾质量浓度为228.29 g/m^3时;点火延迟时间在燃爆极限范围内呈U型分布。

一种选择性脱苄基方法在天然产物结构修饰中的应用

目的研究路易斯酸三氟化硼乙醚在脱苄基时的选择性。方法以天然活性成分丹参素、阿魏酸和水杨酸为原料,制备的化合物结构中既含有苄醚又含有苄酯,采用上述方法进行苄基保护的脱除。结果三氟化硼乙醚只脱去苄醚上的苄基,而苄酯中的苄基不受影响。结论三氟化硼乙醚在苄醚和苄酯同时存在的情况下,对苄醚上的苄基具有选择性脱除作用。

无溶剂合成酰基二茂铁的新方法

以二茂铁为原料，乙酸酐、丙酸酐、丁酸酐和苯甲酸酐为酰化剂，45％～47％三氟化硼乙醚溶液为催化剂，无溶剂合成了4种酰基二茂铁，总产率81％-92％，其结构经1HNMR和13CNMR确证。

气相法合成N,N-二乙基苯胺

采用乙醚作烷基化试剂 ,在氧化铝催化剂上对气相法N ,N -二乙基苯胺的合成进行了研究。考察了反应温度、原料配比和空速等因素对反应的影响 ,确定了最佳工艺条件 :温度 3 10℃、空速 1 0h- 1 ,n(乙醚 ) /n(苯胺 ) =1 5。在此基础上 ,进行了 180 0h的稳定性试验和 10 0ml催化剂单管放大试验。结果表明 ,该催化剂稳定性良好 ,且小试与放大试验结果基本一致。