Determination of Poliumoside and Forsythoside B in Different Parts of Callicarpa kwangtungensis and Its Plants from Different Habitats

[Objective] This study was conducted to determinate the contents of poliumoside and forsythoside B in Callicarpa kwangtungensis,so as to reveal the distribution of two index components（poliumoside and forsythoside B） in the plant and to compare the contents of these components in the medicinal materials from different habitats.[Methods] Comparison and analysis of the contents of the two target components in different parts（root,branch,leaf and fruit） of Callicarpa kwangtungensis from the same habitat and in Callicarpa kwangtungensis from different production areas were performed according to the pharmacopoeia standard.[Result]The highest content of poliumoside wasdetected in fruit,and the content of forsythoside B was the highest in the branch.The contents of the two kinds of components were in order of branch fruit leafroot;The contents of the components were four times higher than China pharmacopeia（0.5%） in Jian,Tonggu,Anyuan,and Ganzhou of Jiangxi Province and the fifth area,Taijiang County of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture（QMDAP）,among which Ganzhou and Taijiang showed the highest contents.[Conclusion] The differences of poliumoside and forsythoside B were obvious in different habitats and different parts of Callicarpa kwangtungensis.

GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Components of Volatile Oil in Different Parts of Fennel( Foenicuzu vulgare Mill. )

[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel(Foenicuzu vulgare Mill.) and to compare the differences in the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel.[Methods]The steam distillation method was applied to extract volatile oil from different parts of fennel,and the components of volatile oil from different parts of fennel were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each component was determined by the peak area normalization method.[Results]37,33,18,and 44 chemical components were separated from the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit,respectively,accounting for 98.64%,99.34%,99.59% and 95.99% of the total volatile oil of corresponding parts.A total of 77 chemical components were identified in the four parts,of which 5 were common components.The main component of the volatile oil in the stems and young leaves was trans-anethole.The main components of the volatile oil in fruit were estragole and trans-anethole.And the main component of the volatile oil in the roots was dill apiol.The components in the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit were different in type and content.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for the further effective development and utilization of fennel resources.

HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis on Volatile Components in Different Cultivars and Different Parts of Artemisia argyi

[Objectives] To analyze and compare the difference in volatile components of different cultivars and different parts of Artemisia argyi by using headspace solid phase microextraction( HS-SPME) and provide scientific basis for comprehensive development and rational utilization of Artemisia argyi. [Methods]Firstly,HS-SPME was used to extract the volatile components from the leaves,seeds,and stems of seven-tip Artemisia argyi,five-tip Artemisia argyi,and golden Artemisia argyi. Their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry( GC-MS),and the relative mass fraction of each component was determined by area normalization method. [Results] For the same variety of Artemisia argyi,the content of volatile components in leaves was higher than in seeds and stems except camphor,and the content of volatile components in seven-tip Artemisia argyi leaves was higher than in five-tip Artemisia argyi and golden Artemisia argyi leaves.HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis showed that eucalyptol,camphor,thujone,α-pinene,1-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide with higher content were detected in different parts of the different cultivars of Artemisia argyi. [Conclusions]Seven-tip Artemisia argyi leaves were the best medicinal parts of the three cultivars,followed by seven-tip Artemisia argyi seeds.

Analysis of Volatile Components in Different Parts of Polygala japonica Houtt.

[Objectives] To analyze the volatile components in different parts of Polygala japonica Houtt. and compare the differences of these volatile components. [Methods] The volatile components in different parts of P. japonica Houtt. were analyzed by the headspace solid-phase microextraction( HS-SPME) combined with GC-MS,and the relative percentage of each component was determined by peak area normalization. [Results] Thirty kinds of volatile components were identified from the leaves and rhizomes of P. japonica Houtt.,mainly including olefins,aromatic hydrocarbons,alkanes and esters. [Conclusions] The volatile components in different parts of P. japonica Houtt. were different,and there may be difference in the medicinal value of volatile components in different parts,thus it is required to take an overall consideration of these differences in the development and utilization of P. japonica Houtt.

Protective effect of different medicinal parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on myocardial ischemic injury induced by isoproterenol in rats

Background:To study the protective effect of different medicinal parts of honeysuckle on myocardial ischemia injury in rats.Method:SD mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal group,model group,compound salvia miltiorrhiza group,Lonicera japonica Thunb.of flower bud group,flower group,and the stem leaf group.There were 8 rats in each group,including 4 males and 4 females.The normal group and model group were given equal amount of distilled water,whereas the other dosage groups were given the appropriate drug by intragastric administration,continuous gavage for 14 days.From the 12 days,in addition to the normal group were injected of the same amount of normal saline,the other groups were injected with 5g/kg.Injection of isoproterenol to establish the mouce mycardial ischemia model,its continuously 3d.To detect the serum of AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH and the myocardial issue of Chinese super oxideismutase and malondialdehyde level.Results:Compared with normal group,the levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01)and the level of super oxideismutase decreased significantly(P<0.01)the levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde in the serum of flower bud group,flower group and stem leaf group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the decreasing level of flower bud group,flower,leaf group of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde was flower bud group>flower>leaf group,the activity of super oxideismutase was obviously increased,and the activity level of super oxideismutase of flower bud group,flower group and stem leaf group was flower bud group>flower>leaf group.Conclusion:In the myocardial ischemic injury model of rats induced by isoproterenol,Lonicera japonica Thunb.had a protective effect in all parts,and Lonicera japonica Thunb.bud had the greatest protective effect.

Feasibility of establishing model of Parkinson disease by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine at different parts of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain of rats

BACKGROUND： Previous researches found that animal models with Parkinson disease （PD） could be established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into medial forebrain bundle （MFB）, substantia nigra compacta （SNC） and caudate-putamen complex （CPU） of the nigrostriatal pathway. OBJECTIVE ： To compare behavioral, biochemica 6-OHDA injections in the areas of MFB, SNC and DESIGN： Controlled observational study and histological properties of these rats undergoing the CPU respectively. SEI-IING： Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University MATERIALS： A total of 64 adult female SD rats weighing 180-230 g were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University. 6-OHDA （Sigma Company, USA）; Brain solid positioner （Standard model 51600, Stoelting Co., IL, USA）; rotational monitoring of little animal （type QL-1, USA）; high liquid chromatography （HLC, Waters Company）. METHOOS： The experiment was carried out in the Medical Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University from February to December 2005. ① According to digital table, 64 SD rats were divided into MFB group, SNC group, CPU group and control group with 16 in each group. On the basis of the brain atlas of Paxinos, rats in the first three groups were injected with 5 μL 6-OHDA into right MFB （0 mm of line of incisor tooth, A/P 4.4 mm, L/R 1.2 mm, ON -7.8 mm）, SNC （line of incisor tooth just equal to horizon, A/P -4.8 mm, L/R 1.6 mm, ON -7.8 mm） and CPU （0 mm of line of incisor tooth, A/P 1.2 mm, L/R 2.7 mm, ON -5.4 mm）, respectively. The rats in control group were injected with 5 μL ascorbic acid solution （2 g/L）. One week after operation, 0.1 g/L apomorphine （Apo, 0.05 mg/kg） was subcutaneously injected into neck and then rotational behavior induced by Apo was recorded once a week for 8 weeks. The PD models were considered successful only when rotational times more than or equal to 7 times per minute. Eight weeks after operation, micro-perfusion was used to obtain micro-perfusate in bilateral CPU and contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid （3,4-DOPAC） and homovanillic acid （HVA） were also measured. In addition, amount of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells （TH＊） in SNC was counted with immuno- histochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Successful rate of PD models; ② contents of dopamine and its metabolite in MFB, SNC and CPU groups and TH＊ amount. RESULTS： All 64 SD rats were involved in the final analysis. ③ Successful rate and rotational behavior： One week after operation, there were 6 successful models both in SNC and MFB groups; in the 2^nd week, there were 6 both in SNC and MFB groups and 1 in CPU group; in the 3^nd week, there were 1 in MFB group and 3 in CPU group; in the 4^nd week, there were 3 in CPU group. Otherwise, no successful case was found out in the next 3 weeks. Abnormal rotational behavior was not observed in control group. Four weeks after operation, successful rates were 81% （13/16） in MFB group, 75% （12/16） in SNC group and 44% （7/16） in CPU group.② Contents of 3, 4-DOPAC and HVA： Eight weeks after operation, contents in the SNC area of the injured side were lower than those on non-lesion side （P 〈 0.01）.③Changes of TH＋ amount： Eight weeks after operation, TH＋ amount in the SNC area of the lesion side was lower than that on non-lesion side （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Injecting 6-OHDA into MFB, SNC and CPU can damage dopaminergic cells and establish successful PD models.

Application of ~1H NMR-based metabolomics for discrimination of different parts and development of a new processing workflow for Cistanche deserticola

Cistanche deserticola(CD) is one of the two authoritative source plants of Cistanches Herba, a well-known medicinal plant. Herein,~1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the chemical profile and to distinguish the different parts, as well as to propose a new processing workflow for CD.Signal assignment was achieved by multiple one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques in combination with available databases and authentic compounds. The upper parts of the plant were distinguished from the lower parts by combining ~1H NMR spectroscopic dataset with multivariate statistical analysis. A new processing method that hyphenated steaming with freeze-drying, was demonstrated to be superior to either steaming coupled with oven-drying or direct freeze-drying via holistic ~1H NMR-based metabolomic characterization. Phenylethanoid glycosides, mainly echinacoside and acteoside, were screened out and confirmed as the chemical markers responsible for exhibiting the superiority of the new processing workflow, whereas serial primary metabolites, especially carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, were found as the primary molecules governing the discrimination between the upper and lower parts of the plant. Collectively,~1H NMR spectroscopy was demonstrated as a versatile analytical tool to characterize the chemical profile and to guide the indepth exploitation of CD by providing comprehensive qualitative and quantitative information.

Simultaneous determination of Saikosaponin a, c and d in different parts of wild bupleurum from Shanxi Province

As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting analgesic,fever-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects,Radix Bupleuri（Chai-Hu） is commonly used for the treatment of influenza,which is derived from the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.Among of diverse chemical components,saikosaponins are the key active components of the herb medicine.In the present study,we established a method of high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） coupled with evaporative light scattering detection（ELSD） for simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a,c and d in root,stem,leaf and flower of Bupleurum chinense（B chinense） collected from different areas of Shanxi Province,China.The results from 16 samples of root,stem,leaf and flower of B chinense demonstrated that the total contents of the three saikosaponins in the root of B chinense collected from Dongshan Taiyuan,Xishan,Tianlongshan and Pangquangou were 4.26 mg/g,3.22 mg/g,4.23 mg/g and 3.05 mg/g,respectively.However,there was scarcely any saikosaponins in the stem,leaf and flower of B chinense collected from above-mentioned areas.The method of HPLC coupled with ELSD was suitable for quality control of Radix Bupleuri.The result also confirmed that the root of B chinense was the best medicinal part.

小尾寒羊不同部位风味物质与风味前体物的相关性分析

以6~7月龄、体质量为50 kg的小尾寒羊为实验对象,选取颈肉(NM)、里脊(LLDM)和腿肉(RG),对小尾寒羊挥发性风味物质、脂肪酸和氨基酸进行相关性分析。结果表明:在3个部位共检测到45种挥发性风味物质,其中醛类是最主要的挥发性风味物质,占总挥发性风味物质的50%左右。经主成分分析得知,庚醛、壬醛、苯甲醛等24种风味物质是导致不同部位间挥发性风味物质差异的主要影响因素。LLDM中对人体有益的单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量均为最高,脂肪酸比例更符合人体对羊肉脂肪酸营养价值的需求,对人体健康更有益。氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)和赖氨酸(Lys)为主,约占总氨基酸的17%和10%,其中RG除蛋氨酸(Met)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、赖氨酸(Lys)外含量均为最高,且除谷氨酸(Glu)和脯氨酸(Pro)外与LLDM差异不显著,与NM差异均显著。相关性分析表明,多不饱和脂肪酸与大多数挥发性风味物质呈正相关,且与醛类、醇类和芳香类等挥发性风味物质呈显著正相关,这可能是因为多不饱和脂肪酸极易氧化,在氧化过程中生成醛类、醇类和芳香类等物质。氨基酸与大多数醛类和醇类都呈正相关,这可能是因为氨基酸通过转氨反应等一系列反应,最终生成醛类和醇类等物质。

THE EVALUATION METHODS OF VELVET ANTLER AND THE DETERMINATION OF NUCLEOSIDES AND STEROID HORMONES IN DIFFERENT PARTS FROM SIKA DEER AND RED DEER

Velvet antler is an important and precious traditional Chinese animal medicine,and was used for strengthening the kidney,anti-fatigue,improving sexual function and so on.But the evaluation methods of velvet antler and the scientific evidence for the use of antler is insufficient.Materials and Vacuum freeze drier was used for dehydration of the fresh antler at-60.,6 pa for 24 h.

母牛发情期间躯体不同部位温度变化规律研究进展

高效发情鉴定是提高母牛繁殖力、提升牛场经济效益的重要途径。随着奶牛养殖规模越来越大,传统人工观察已难以适应规模场奶牛发情鉴定需要。计步器发情鉴定难以检出安静发情,无法提高发情检出率。虽然体温参数发情鉴定潜力大,但母牛全身被毛,体表测温不理想,而接触式测温采集部位有限,可穿戴设备研发难度较大,不同采集部位牛只体温数据差别很大,为此,本文综述了前人利用奶牛躯体不同部位体温数据发情鉴定的结果,比较分析了发情奶牛各部位体温变化规律与发情的关系,为研发高效母牛发情鉴定技术提供科学参考。

山栀子不同部位活性成分含量及抗氧化活性

为比较山栀子不同部位活性成分并评价各部位体外抗氧化活性,本文用超声辅助提取法提取山栀子不同部位有效成分,并测定得率;使用紫外-可见分光光度法测定总环烯醚萜、总藏红花素、总黄酮和总酚含量;利用高效液相色谱法测定山栀子不同部位活性成分单体;采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除试验评估其体外抗氧化能力,并进行活性成分与抗氧化活性的相关性分析。结果表明,山栀子叶中的总环烯醚萜和总酚含量最高,分别为244.87±5.89 mg·g^(-1)和16.71±0.55 mg·g^(-1);山栀子果中的总藏红花素(16.18±1.40 mg·g^(-1))相较于其余部分存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中藏红花素-Ⅰ为藏红花苷主要形式,约占总藏红花素的60%;山栀子花中的总黄酮含量最高43.61±1.01 mg·g^(-1)。根据DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基清除率试验,山栀子叶的抗氧化活性最好,IC50分别为36.00±2.70和31.96±3.87μg·mL-1;经相关性分析发现环烯醚萜类化合物与酚类化合物与抗氧化能力呈强相关性。采用超声辅助提取法提取得到的山栀子不同部位活性成分,发现不同部位均具有一定抗氧化能力,同时叶具有超越果的抗氧化活性,为天然抗氧化剂的开发提供了理论来源。

基于GC-MS分析牛肉不同部位对牛肝菌牛肉酱品质及挥发性香气成分的影响

本实验选用5个不同部位的牛肉分别制作牛肝菌牛肉酱,包括牛后腿(BHL)、牛肩(BS)、牛霖(BK)、牛腩(BB)、牛腱子(BT),探讨了不同部位牛肉对香辣牛肉牛肝菌酱品质和挥发性香气成分的影响。结果表明,牛腩制作的牛肝菌牛肉酱感官评分最高,为87.4分;质构结果显示,牛腩制作的牛肉酱品质最好,其硬度、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性为14.01 N、4.71 mm、3.22 N、15.30 mJ;不同部位牛肉酱的L^(*)、a^(*)值均具有显著性(P<0.05)差异;电子鼻能有效区分不同部位牛肉制作的香辣牛肉牛肝菌酱;风味物质方面,检测出的挥发性风味物质为牛后腿84种、牛肩肉36种、牛腱子52种、牛霖102种、牛腩87种,其主要香气成分与电子鼻分析敏感物质类型相符合,其中己醛、D-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、二烯丙基二硫化物、茴香脑为5种部位共有的香气成分,且ROAV>1。综上所述,采用不同的牛肉部位制作香辣牛肉牛肝菌酱,以牛腩部位为原料为最佳。研究结果为今后牛肉类酱料烹饪加工工艺和风味特征辨别提供理论依据和数据参考。

乌鳢不同部位肌肉营养成分分析与评价

目的:比较乌鳢不同部位肌肉营养成分,为乌鳢肌肉的营养成分分析提供科学依据。方法:采用国家标准检测方法,分别测定乌鳢前部背肉、中部背肉、尾肉、腹肉四部分的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量。结果:在四部分肌肉中,水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量最高的部位分别是中部背肉、腹肉、尾肉,腹肉的脂肪含量最高,四个部位常规的营养成分测定表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。每部分肌肉中均含有18种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高,半胱氨酸含量最低,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比在32.23%~35.41%和41.10%~44.17%之间;腹肉的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量均最高。结论:对乌鳢肌肉分部位进行检测,可为淡水鱼营养成分分析提供一个新思路,为人群食用乌鳢提供指导。

仿野生种植三叶青不同部位总黄酮分析及其抗炎、抗氧化能力比较

目的:比较仿野生种植三叶青不同部位中总黄酮含量、抗氧化活性以及抗炎能力差异。方法:采用醇提工艺对仿野生种植三叶青茎叶、块根、根须进行提取,比较不同部位间总黄酮含量差异;通过DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基、羟自由基清除实验以及铁离子还原力测定,比较仿野生种植三叶青不同部位间抗氧化能力的强弱;采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞作为炎症模型,通过细胞NO的释放量比较仿野生种植三叶青不同部位间的抗炎能力差异。结果:在最佳提取工艺条件下,测得仿野生种植三叶青茎叶、块根、根须总黄酮含量分别为11.86±0.23、8.48±0.10、7.52±0.02 mg·g^(-1);建立三叶青HPLC指纹图谱,共标定了10个共有峰,通过对照品指认出6号峰为芦丁、8号峰为槲皮素、9号峰为山奈酚,并对其含量进行检测,结果显示块根中三种指标成分含量均最高,其次根须,茎叶最低。检测仿野生种植三叶青不同部位对DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基以及羟自由基的IC_(50)值,茎叶分别为0.2107、0.2315、0.7625 mg/mL;块根分别为0.3134、0.3758、0.8967 mg/mL;根须分别为0.2058、0.2587、0.7856 mg/mL。三叶青茎叶、块根、根须对铁离子还原能力的吸光度值分别为0.172、0.153、0.184。当仿野生种植三叶青三部位的质量浓度在25~200μg/mL之间时,它们不会对RAW264.7细胞造成毒性,能够有效地抑制LPS诱导的NO释放,从而达到良好的抗炎效果。结论:本研究结果为仿野生种植三叶青不同部位的质量评价提供参考,并对仿野生种植三叶青非药用部位废物再利用及后续全资源开发提供理论依据。

关帝山不同海拔和季节对沙棘黄酮含量的影响

为探究海拔和季节对沙棘黄酮类化合物含量的影响,本研究以山西吕梁山中部关帝山区不同海拔高度的野生中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)为研究对象,比较了叶片、一年生枝、果实总黄酮含量及主要组分在季节和海拔高度(1150~2100 m)上的变化,同时检测了沙棘树木生长情况、光合作用、叶形态、不同部位的非结构性碳(NSC)含量,并分析了黄酮类化合物含量与生长和生理指标的关系。结果表明,叶片、枝条、果实的总黄酮含量均随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,均在中海拔(1650 m)处达到最大值,叶片总黄酮含量在9月最高,为17.32 mg·g^(-1),果实总黄酮含量最高达10.31mg·g^(-1),一年生枝中总黄酮含量在7月最高,为4.90 mg·g^(-1)。总黄酮含量总体上表现为叶片>果实>一年生枝。1650 m海拔高度植株综合生长状况最好,沙棘叶片NSC含量也高于其他海拔。果实总黄酮含量与果实可溶性糖、果实NSC、叶片可溶性糖、叶片NSC含量呈极显著正相关,叶片总黄酮含量与果实可溶性糖和果实NSC含量呈显著正相关。上述结果表明,中海拔(1650 m)沙棘叶、果黄酮含量较高,生长季后期沙棘的叶黄酮积累较多,沙棘体内总黄酮含量除受环境条件影响外,还与植物生长状况和碳代谢密切相关。本研究结果为全面了解沙棘黄酮类化合物的积累和分布规律及其对海拔的响应提供了参考。

夏枯草不同部位化学成分、药理作用研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析

夏枯草Prunella valgaris.是传统的清热泻火类中药,具有清肝泻火、明目、散结消肿的功效。夏枯草中含有多种化学成分,主要为萜类、酚酸、黄酮、有机酸类、挥发油类等。夏枯草药用部位古今存在差异,传统多以茎叶入药,2020版《中华人民共和国药典》规定夏枯草果穗为药用部位。研究表明,夏枯草茎叶和果穗在化学组分上无差异,仅含量上有差异,黄酮和多糖类成分在叶中含量最高,异迷迭香酸苷是果穗的特征性成分,夏枯草种子含有较多的挥发油,β-香树酯醇是其特有成分。现代药理学研究表明,夏枯草在临床上常用于治疗甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、子宫癌等癌症。除此之外,夏枯草还具有抗炎、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、镇静催眠的作用。通过对夏枯草本草考证、不同部位化学成分的差异、药理作用的总结,根据质量标志物的定义,从植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性证据、传统功效、传统药效、化学成分可测性、复方配伍环境等几个方面对夏枯草的质量标志物进行分析,可推断芦丁、槲皮素、迷迭香酸、异迷迭香酸苷、亚油酸、角鲨烯、β-香树醇、木犀草素、山柰酚、谷甾醇、咖啡酸等为夏枯草中的质量标志物。

当归不同药用部位的本草考证、化学成分、药理作用研究概况

当归具有良好的药用价值和重要的生物活性,目前国内外就其化学成分、药理活性、作用机制及临床应用等方面开展了广泛研究。当归入药自古就有全归、归头、归身、归尾之分,且功效各有侧重,即“头止血、身养血、尾活血、归和血”。现代研究也从化学成分、药理活性、作用机制等方面揭示了这一理论的科学内涵。就当归不同药用部位的本草考证、化学成分、药理活性等方面的研究展开综述,以期为开展当归不同药用部位的深入研究提供参考和依据。

基于UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS结合多元统计分析的不同产地、不同部位乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分分析

本研究建立了一种超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱-串联质谱(UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS)同时测定乌药中11种核苷类和14种氨基酸类成分的分析方法,并结合多元统计分析比较不同产地、不同部位乌药的质量。采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm×3.5μm),以0.2%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)进行质谱检测;基于各成分的质量浓度,用方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)、层次聚类分析(HCA)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)以及灰色关联度分析(GRA),对不同产地、不同部位乌药样品进行综合评价。结果表明,所测成分在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9924;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,平均加样回收率为94.86%~106.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.55%。不同产地、不同部位乌药样品间存在一定的差异,HCA和PCA 2种方法均将样品分为3类。OPLS-DA模型分析通过VIP值共筛选得到6个差异性化合物,分别为尿苷、丙氨酸、胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤。该方法简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分的同时测定,为药材质量评价和综合利用提供方法参考。

大黄不同极性部位成分分析及抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

[目的]探究大黄不同极性部位有效成分含量与体外抗氧化和抑菌活性的相关性。[方法]采用90%乙醇回流提取大黄,采用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次分级萃取,得到不同极性部位;以高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定其蒽醌类物质,以紫外分光度法测定总酚和总黄酮含量;以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS]法和总还原力法测定抗氧化活性,采用抑菌圈直径和生长曲线测定法探究大黄不同极性部位对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的影响。[结果]正丁醇部位芦荟大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷和大黄酸-8-O-葡萄糖苷含量最多,峰面积分别为(2.72±0.07)mAU*min和(2.59±0.06)mAU*min,总酚和总黄酮含量最高,分别为(29.95±4.95)mg·g^(-1)和(35.71±3.26)mg·g^(-1);正丁醇部位的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性最强;芦荟大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄酸-8-O-葡萄糖苷、总酚和总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性正相关(P<0.05)。[结论]大黄总提物正丁醇部位的抗氧化和抑菌活性最强,可能与芦荟大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄酸-8-O-葡萄糖苷等成分有关,该结果对后续的深入研究具有指导意义。