Differential Proteomics Reveals the Potential Injury Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ion Radiation in Mice Ovaries

In the present study, we used a proteomics approach based on a two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） reference map to investigate protein expression in the ovarian tissues of pubertal Swiss-Webster mice subjected to carbon ion radiation （CIR）. Among the identified proteins, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 （UCH-L1） is associated with the cell cycle[1] and that it influences proliferation in ovarian tissues. We analyzed the expression of UCH-L1 and the proliferation marker proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） following CIR using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The proteomics and biochemical results provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of CIR toxicity in ovarian tissues.

Dynamics of five-bar COBOT using differential mechanism

COBOT is a new kind of collaborative robot , which can work with people in a shared space. In this paper a new kind of CVT using differential mechanism is introduced, which is major parts of five-bar COBOT and based the feature of nonhlonnmic constraint. The dynamic model of differential mechanism and five-bar architecture COBOT is founded. There are two kinds of coupled mode of two CVT:serial and parallel. In this paper, we present the dynamic model of serial and parallel COBOT take five-bar COBOT as research object. From the dynamic analysis foregoing, both serial and parallel COBOT model are have the feature of nonholonomic constraint. The ending track and moving state are controlled by the force of control motor and operator. The control motor can not control the movement and ending track of COBOT without the cooperation of operator.

Mechanochemical mechanisms of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation

Embryonic stem (ES) cell biology is attracting much attention in cell biology because of their pluripotent behaviors and potential therapeutic applications. However,what maintains ES cell pluripotency and what triggers ES cell

Patterns, processes, and differentiation mechanisms of China's transition from old to new economic drivers

Transition from old to new economic drivers(TONED) is of great significance for optimizing economic structures. Using a combination of methods including entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, geospatial analysis, and optimal parameter geodetector, this study investigates the patterns and mechanisms of China's TONED in the prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2020. The findings reveal that(1) the TONED exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, along with a pyramidal hierarchy of levels. The distribution of hot and cold spots roughly followed the Heihe-Yulin line.(2) The informatization levels, openness to the outside world, and urbanization played a dominant role in the TONED. The types of dual-factor interactions exhibited both dual-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement effects.(3) The eastern and central regions were more likely to promote the TONED through enhanced informatization levels, whereas the western region relied more on increasing openness. This study finds that the TONED results from the combined effects of three geographical natures, each playing a distinct role. The recommendations provided can serve as a reference for China and other developing countries to implement the TONED in the context of deglobalization.

Kinetics of AlOOH dissolving in caustic solution studied by high-pressure DSC

Mechanism functions and kinetic parameters of AlOOH（boehmite or diaspore） dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution were researched.The mixture of boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution was scanned by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） instrument with heating rate of 10 ℃/min,and differential equation method was used to analyse the DSC curves,combining with iterative method and linear least square method.The most probable mechanism functions for both boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution reactions were logically selected from 30 types of non-isothermal kinetics differential equations,according to the calculated results obtained by Matlab program.The most probable differential mechanism function of boehmite dissolving in caustic solution is f（α）=1-α,which reveals the first-order reaction with apparent activation energy of 79.178 kJ/mol and the preexponential constant 1.031×108 s-1.The function,f（α）=2（1-α）3/2,can describe the dissolution of diaspore sample in sodium hydroxide solution.The calculated results of kinetic parameters are apparent activation energy of 73.858 kJ/mol,preexponential constant of 5.752×107 s-1 and reaction order of 1.5.

Research on stepless transmission utilizing noncircular gears

In view of the lack of systemic analysis for stepless transmission using noncircular gears, two basic noncircular gear units, an addition unit adopting differential mechanism and a multiplication unit applying a fixed gear train, are proposed. Then, the design methods of the noncircular gear pair of each unit, transmission ratio relationship, rotation angle relationship and key parameters with specific physical meanings are studied. The adjusting properties, composing strategy and varying range of transmission ratio etc. are investigated in detail for each unit. Following this, several examples of using a noncircular gear pair in the units and their manipulation technique are introduced.

Axiomatic design method to design a screw drive in-pipe robot passing through varied curved pipes

A screw drive in-pipe robot is promising inspection equipment for small pipes. However, most of the existing screw drive in-pipe robots have problems of motion interference and slipping inside curved or irregular pipes. These problems result from the coupled relations among the steering motion, the motion speed and the load ability of the robot. In order to deal with the problems, the axiomatic design （AD） theory is applied to evaluate and analyze the existing designs. Then an uncoupled con- cept design based on the AD theory is proposed and the complete AD decomposition process is presented. After that, the pro- posed robot based on a tri-axial differential angle modulation mechanism is designed to realize the uncoupled concept. Finally, the uncoupled property is verified in a dynamics simulation system. The simulation results indicate that the mc tion speed, load ability and steering motion of the proposed robot can be adjusted individually compared with the robots taat have inclin- ing-angle-fixed rollers. Owing to the uncoupled design, the proposed robot can mechanically adapt to straight pipes and curved pipes with less roller slipping.

Effect of Porous Activated Charcoal Reinforcement on Mechanical and In-Vitro Biological Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Scaffolds

The present work focused on developing an innovative composite material by reinforcing polymer matrix with highly porous activated charcoal. Polyvinyl alcohol-activated charcoal（PVA-AC） composite scaffolds were developed by varying the AC concentrations（0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt%） in PVA matrix by freeze drying method. The developed scaffolds were characterized for their physicochemical, mechanical and in-vitro biological properties. In addition, the effect of AC on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast MG 63 cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity assay and alizarin red stain-based（ARS） assay. All the PVA-AC composite scaffolds exhibited good bioactivity, hemocompatibility and protein adsorption properties. The scaffolds with high AC concentration（2.5 wt%） showed controlled drug release kinetics that are suitable for long term healing. The mechanical properties of all the PVA-AC composite scaffolds were improved when compared to the pure PVA scaffold. The high porosity, swelling degree and hydrophilicity of PVA-AC composite scaffolds facilitated cell attachment and proliferation. This is due to porous AC present in the sample that supported the osteoblast differentiation and formed mineralized nodules without the addition of any extra agents. From the above studies, it can be concluded that PVA-AC composite scaffolds are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.