Differential Equation Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Zinc Components in Growing Tomatoes

Tomato is a common food on the human table. Up to now, the research on the growth and development model of tomato has been about 50 years. There are many researches on the main nutrients of tomato, such as carbon and nitrogen, but few on the trace element zinc. In this paper, taking plant nutrient C, N and Zn as variables, the differential equation model of C, N and Zn in tomato growth and development was established. According to the research of tomato as a whole and divided into root and leaf, the one-compartment and two-compartment models of tomato growth and development were established. The model was analyzed by Matlab program, and the existing experimental data was used to test the numerical simulation results, which proves that the model conforms to the facts.

Novel Computing for the Delay Differential Two-Prey and One-Predator System

The aim of these investigations is to find the numerical performances of the delay differential two-prey and one-predator system.The delay differential models are very significant and always difficult to solve the dynamical kind of ecological nonlinear two-prey and one-predator system.Therefore,a stochastic numerical paradigm based artificial neural network(ANN)along with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation(L-MB)neural networks(NNs),i.e.,L-MBNNs is proposed to solve the dynamical twoprey and one-predator model.Three different cases based on the dynamical two-prey and one-predator system have been discussed to check the correctness of the L-MBNNs.The statistic measures of these outcomes of the dynamical two-prey and one-predator model are chosen as 13%for testing,12%for authorization and 75%for training.The exactness of the proposed results of L-MBNNs approach for solving the dynamical two-prey and onepredator model is observed with the comparison of the Runge-Kutta method with absolute error ranges between 10−05 to 10−07.To check the validation,constancy,validity,exactness,competence of the L-MBNNs,the obtained state transitions(STs),regression actions,correlation presentations,MSE and error histograms(EHs)are also provided.

Medical X-Ray Image Enhancement Based on Kramer's PDE Model

The purpose of this study is to present an application of a novel enhancement technique for enhancing medical images generated from X-rays. The method presented in this study is based on a nonlinear partial differential equation （PDE） model, Kramer＇s PDE model. The usefulness of this method is investigated by experimental results. We apply this method to a medical X-ray image. For comparison, the X-ray image is also processed using classic Perona-Malik PDE model and Catte PDE model. Although the Perona-Malik model and Catte PDE model could also enhance the image, the quality of the enhanced images is considerably inferior compared with the enhanced image using Kramer＇s PDE model. The study suggests that the Kramer＇s PDE model is capable of enhancing medical X-ray images, which will make the X-ray images more reliable.

Shear-horizontal waves in periodic layered nanostructure with both nonlocal and interface effects

The propagation of shear-horizontal(SH)waves in the periodic layered nanocomposite is investigated by using both the nonlocal integral model and the nonlocal differential model with the interface effect.Based on the transfer matrix method and the Bloch theory,the band structures for SH waves with both vertical and oblique incidences to the structure are obtained.It is found that by choosing appropriate interface parameters,the dispersion curves predicted by the nonlocal differential model with the interface effect can be tuned to be the same as those based on the nonlocal integral model.Thus,by propagating the SH waves vertically and obliquely to the periodic layered nanostructure,we could invert,respectively,the interface mass density and the interface shear modulus,by matching the dispersion curves.Examples are further shown on how to determine the interface mass density and the interface shear modulus in theory.

Modeling, simulation, and prediction of global energy indices: a differential approach

Modeling, simulation, and prediction of global energy indices remain veritable tools for econometric, engineering, analysis, and prediction of energy indices. Thus, this paper differentially modeled, simulated, and non-differentially predicated the global energy indices. The state-of-the-art of the research includes normalization of energy indices, generation of differential rate terms, and regression of rate terms against energy indices to generate coefficients and unexplained terms. On imposition of initial conditions, the solution to the system of linear differential equations was realized in a Matlab environment. There was a strong agreement between the simulated and the field data. The exact solutions are ideal for interpolative prediction of historic data. Furthermore, the simulated data were upgraded for extrapolative prediction of energy indices by introducing an innovative model, which is the synergy of deflated and inflated prediction factors. The innovative model yielded a trendy prediction data for energy consumption, gross domestic product, carbon dioxide emission and human development index. However, the oil price was untrendy, which could be attributed to odd circumstances. Moreover, the sensitivity of the differential rate terms was instrumental in discovering the overwhelming effect of independent indices on the dependent index. Clearly, this paper has accomplished interpolative and extrapolative prediction of energy indices and equally recommends for further investigation of the untrendy nature of oil price.

Multitemporal UAV-based photogrammetry for landslide detection and monitoring in a large area:a case study in the Heifangtai terrace in the Loess Plateau of China

With high spatial resolution,on-demand-flying ability,and the capacity for obtaining threedimensional measurements,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry is widely used for detailed investigations of single landslides,but its effectiveness for landslide detection and monitoring in a large area needs to be investigated.The Heifangtai terrace in the Loess Plateau of China is a loess terrace that is extremely susceptible to irrigation-induced loess landslides.This paper used UAV-based photogrammetry for a series of highresolution images spanning over 30 months for landslide detection and monitoring of the terrace with an area of 32 km^2.Dense and evenly distributed ground control points were established and measured to ensure the high accuracy of the photogrammetry results.The structure-from-motion(Sf M)technique was used to convert overlapping images into orthographic images,3D point clouds,digital surface models(DSMs)and mesh models.Using multitemporal differential mesh models,landslide vertical movements and potential landslides were detected and monitored.The results indicate that a combination of UAV-based orthophotos and differential mesh models can be used for flexible and accurate detection and monitoring of potential loess landslides in a large area.

Solid–liquid equilibrium of dimethyl terephthalate(DMT), dimethyl isophthalate(DMI) and dimethyl phthalate(DMP) in melt crystallization process

The binary solid-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Terephthalate （DMT）, Dimethyl lsophthalate （DMI） and Dimeth- yl Phthalate （DMP） was investigated by experiment and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The result demonstrated DMT/DMI and DMT/DMP systems are eutectic while DMI/DMP is a solid-solution system. The eutectic temperature of DMT/DMI system is 336.7 K and that of DMT/DMP is 271.1 K. Furthermore, a classical solid-liquid phase equilibrium model was used to fit the experimental data of the eutectic systems of DMT/DMI and DMT/ DMP and the theoretical model could describe the eutectic solid-liquid phase diagrams properly.

Research on China’s Population Structure in the New Situation

To analyze the impact of the“two-child policy”on the population size and structure,first of all,the birth rate,the ratio of men and women,and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators.Before and after the dispersion,then establish a PDE model,and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy;continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy,and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis,and a related regression equation is obtained.Finally,the future marriage problem is analyzed,considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time.The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth,focusing on a dynamic perspective.

The J_2 invariant relative configuration of spaceborne SAR interferometer for digital elevation measurement

A 3-craft formation configuration is proposed to perform the digital elevation model （DEM） for the distributed spacebome interferometric synthetic aperture radar （InSAR）, and it is optimized by the modified ant colony algorithm to have the best compatibility with J2 invariant orbits created by differential correction algorithm. The configuration has succeeded in assigning the across-track baseline to vary periodically and with its mean value equal to the optimal baseline determined by the relative height measurement accuracy. The required relationship between crafts＇ magnitudes and phases is formulated for the general case of interferometry measure from non-orthographic and non-lateral view. The J2 invariant configurations created by differential correction algorithm are employed to investigate their compatibility with the required configuration. The colony algorithm is applied to search the optimal configuration holding the near-constant across-track baseline under the J2 perturbation, and the absolute height measurement accuracy is preferable as expected.

A 3-D Differential Method for Solving Rolling Force of PC Hot Strip Mill

The character of the deformation zone on pair cross rolls is different from that of the regular 4-high mill. Considering comprehensive influences of normal stress and shear stress in rolling direction, width direction and thickness direction, the rolling force calculation model of the PC （pair crossed） hot strip mill is built. Taking the entry stress and the exit stress of strip as the boundary conditions, the longitudinal and transverse distribution of rolling force is worked out by the differential method. Then the total rolling force is calculated, and calculated results are verified by experimental data.

Dynamical Behavior of SEIR-SVS Epidemic Models with Nonlinear Incidence and Vaccination

For some infectious diseases such as mumps,HBV,there is evidence showing that vaccinated individuals always lose their immunity at different rates depending on the inoculation time.In this paper,we propose an age-structured epidemic model using a step function to describe the rate at which vaccinated individuals lose immunity and reduce the age-structured epidemic model to the delay differential model.For the age-structured model,we consider the positivity,boundedness,and compactness of the semiflow and study global stability of equilibria by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals.Moreover,for the reduced delay differential equation model,we study the existence of the endemic equilibrium and prove the global stability of equilibria.Finally,some numerical simulations are provided to support our theoretical results and a brief discussion is given.

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope using differential geometry decoupling method

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope （MSDGCMG） is of vital importance and challenge to the attitude positioning of spacecraft owing to its multivariable, nonlinear and strong coupled properties. This paper proposes a novel linearization and decoupling method based on differential geometry theory and combines it with the internal model controller （IMC） to guarantee the system robustness to the external disturbance and parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, by introducing the dynamic compensation for the inner-gimbal rate-servo system and the magnetically suspended rotor （MSR） system only, we can eliminate the influence of the unmodeled dynamics to the decoupling control accuracy as well as save costs and inhibit noises effectively. The simulation results verify the nice decoupling and robustness performance of the system using the proposed method.

A Teletraffic Model for Service Differentiation in OPS Networks

This paper present a formal teletraffic model for service diferentiation in optical packet switched networks by utilizing the wavelength domain.Expressions for the time congestion are derived.Simulation results are also reported.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GUIDE-VANE FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE FROM THE LEAKAGE FLOW

This paper presents numerical and experimental results of the flow in the tipclearance region of the guide vane row in hydraulic turbine. The 3-D Navier-Stokes equations wereemployed to model the flow in end clearance region of guide vane cascade, the Reynolds stressdifferential model was used for turbulence closure, and the body-fitted curvilinear coordinates andthe SIMPLE! algorithm were adopted. The governing equations were discretized with the non-staggeredgrids by means of the finite volume method. Detailed comparison of hydrodynamical characteristics ofguide vane in hydraulic turbine with or without tip gap was made. Special attention was paid to theinfluence of leakage flow on the main flow and to the movement of tip leakage flow in the end guidevane. The position and strength of the roll-vortex on the sides of guide vane in were determined.The numerical solutions agree with the experimental results obtained by particle image ve-locimetry.The results help to clarify the loss, wear and cavi-tation erosion between the guide vane andrings, especially for those used in the Yellow River which has a high sediment content.

An analysis of the differentiation rules and influencing factors of venture capital in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

Under China's innovation-driven development strategy, venture capital has become an important driving force in urban agglomeration integration and collaborative innovation. This paper uses social network analysis to analyze spatiotemporal differences of venture capital in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration for the period 2005–2015. A gravity model and panel data regression model are used to reveal the influencing factors on spatiotemporal differences in venture capital in the region. This study finds that there is a certain cyclical fluctuation and uneven differentiation in the venture capital network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in terms of total investment, and that the three centers of venture capital(Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Tangshan) have a stimulatory effect on surrounding cities; flows of venture capital between cities display certain networking rules, but they are slow to develop and strongly centripetal; there is a strong positive correlation between levels of information infrastructure development and economic development and venture capital investment; and places with relatively underdeveloped financial environments and service industries are less able to apply the fruits of innovation and entrepreneurship and to attract funds. This study can act as a reference for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in building a world-class super urban agglomeration with the best innovation capabilities in China.

Optimization of ohmic contact for InP-based transferred electronic devices

The effect of the annealing time and annealing temperature on Ni/Ge/Au electrode contacts deposited on the n-type InP contact layer has been studied using a circular transmission line model. The minimum specific contact resistance of 3.210 7 cm2was achieved on the low-doped n-type InP contact layer with a 40 s anneal at 425 ℃. In order to improve the ohmic contact and reduce the difficulty in the fabrication of the high doped InP epi-layer, the doping concentration in the InP contact layer was chosen to be 51018cm 3in the fabrication of transferred electronic devices. Excellent differential negative resistance properties were obtained by an electron beam evaporating the Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au composite electrode on an InP epi-layer with a 60 s anneal at 380 ℃.