Special Issue on Future Digital Design and Manufacturing:Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Industry 4.0 as referred to the fourth industrial revolution has endorsed in several national manufacturing initiatives or development plans such as in Germany, the UK, USA and China. A set of important pervasive and secondary technologies for future manufacturing activities have been identified such as additive manufacturing, sensor technology,

Future Digital Design and Manufacturing: Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Digital design and manufacturing have been around for several decades from the numerical control of machine tools and automating engineering design in 1960s, through early Computer Aided Design （CAD）/Computer Aided Engineering analysis （CAE）/Computer Aided Manufacturing （CAM）, to modem digital design and manufacturing [1], and cloud manufacturing [2] converging into product lifecycle management （PLM） [3, 4] and Internet-enabled personalized manufacturing [5].

DIRECT DIGITAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MESHING IN WORM-GEAR DRIVE

A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA） method is analyzed, in which the advanced surface to surface searching technique is included. The influence of misalignment errors and contact deformations on contact zone and transmission error （TE） is discussed. Combined modification approach on worm tooth surface is presented. By means of DDDM and LTCA, it is very conven- ient to verify the effect of worm-gear drive＇s modification approach. The analysis results show that, the modification in profile direction reduces the sensitivity of worm-gear drive to misalignment errors and the modification in longitudinal direction decreases the TE. Thus the optimization design of worm-gear drive can be achieved prior to the actual manufacturing process.

A combination of digital design and three-dimensional printing to assist treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures using percutaneous kyphoplasty

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the preoperative digita1 design combined with three dimensional(3D)printing models to assist percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treatment for thoracolumbar compression frac tures.Methods:From January 2018 to August 2020,we obtained data of 99 patients diagnosed thoracolumbar compression fractures.These patients were divided into control group(n=50)underwent traditional PKP surgery,and observation group(n=49)underwent preoperative digital design combined with 3D printing model assisted PKP treatment.The clinical efficacy was evaluated with five parameters,including operation time,number of intraoperative radiographs,visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Cobb Angle change,and high compression rate of injured vertebrae.Results:There were statistically significant differences of operation time and number of intraoperative radio graphs between the two groups(P<0.05).For VAS score,Cobb Angle change and vertebral height compression rate,all of these three parameters were significantly improved when the patients accepted surgery teatment in two groups(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences between control group and observation group for these three parameters either before or after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusions:Through the design of preoperative surgical guide plate and the application of 3D printing model to guide the operation,the precise design of preoperative surgical puncture site and puncture Angle of the injured vertebra was realized,the number of intraoperative radiographs was reduced,the operation time was shortened and the operation efficiency was improved.

Future Digital Design and Manufacturing Technologies for Manufacturing Innovation:Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Industry 4.0 as referred to a fourth industrial revolution has endorsed in several national manufacturing development plans such as in Germany, the UK, and China. A set of important pervasive and secondary technologies for future manufacturing activities have been identified such as additive manufacturing, sensor technology, big data analytics, Internet of things, robotics, cloud computing, and nanotechnology.

Special Issue on Future Digital Design and Manufacturing:Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond-Part Ⅱ

Digital design and manufacturing have been under pinned by digital modeling, simulation, and automation controls for decades. Under the new market requirement of mass customized products and services, the advancements in artificial intelligence （AI）, smart technology, virtual reality （VR）, big data, digital twin, robotics and human-centered design are becoming driving forces for the development of future digital design and manufacturing. This special issue focuses on the future digital design and manufacturing especially under the Industry 4.0 framework and beyond. This editorial introduces the papers in this special issue, which linked to the International Workshop on Digital Design and Manufacturing Technologies - Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond at Northumbria University in Newcastle, UK, held on 12-13 April 2016. In the Part I of the issue [1], there are 13 papers published in 2016, Vol- ume 29, No 6 of the Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering （this journal）.

Teaching Design of“ Digital Logic Design” Course Based on Blended Teaching Mode

How to design and organize the implementation of teaching is an important consideration for the quality of the course.This paper takes the“Digital Logic Design”course as an example,and carries out teaching design and practice based on the blended teaching mode.By adopting various forms such as MOOC+SPOC+theme seminars,beneficial explorations have been made in improving students’autonomous learning ability,strengthening engineering literacy,and cultivating innovation ability.

A machine learning approach for accelerated design of magnesium alloys.Part B: Regression and property prediction

Machine learning(ML) models provide great opportunities to accelerate novel material development, offering a virtual alternative to laborious and resource-intensive empirical methods. In this work, the second of a two-part study, an ML approach is presented that offers accelerated digital design of Mg alloys. A systematic evaluation of four ML regression algorithms was explored to rationalise the complex relationships in Mg-alloy data and to capture the composition-processing-property patterns. Cross-validation and hold-out set validation techniques were utilised for unbiased estimation of model performance. Using atomic and thermodynamic properties of the alloys, feature augmentation was examined to define the most descriptive representation spaces for the alloy data. Additionally, a graphical user interface(GUI) webtool was developed to facilitate the use of the proposed models in predicting the mechanical properties of new Mg alloys. The results demonstrate that random forest regression model and neural network are robust models for predicting the ultimate tensile strength and ductility of Mg alloys, with accuracies of ~80% and 70% respectively. The developed models in this work are a step towards high-throughput screening of novel candidates for target mechanical properties and provide ML-guided alloy design.

Digital Evaluation of Sitting Posture Comfort in Human-vehicle System under Industry 4.0 Framework

Most of the previous studies on the vibration ride comfort of the human-vehicle system were focused only on one or two aspects of the investigation. A hybrid approach which integrates all kinds of investigation methods in real environment and virtual environment is described. The real experimental environment includes the WBV（whole body vibration） test, questionnaires for human subjective sensation and motion capture. The virtual experimental environment includes the theoretical calculation on simplified 5-DOF human body vibration model, the vibration simulation and analysis within ADAMS/VibrationTM module, and the digital human biomechanics and occupational health analysis in Jack software. While the real experimental environment provides realistic and accurate test results, it also serves as core and validation for the virtual experimental environment. The virtual experimental environment takes full advantages of current available vibration simulation and digital human modelling software, and makes it possible to evaluate the sitting posture comfort in a human-vehicle system with various human anthropometric parameters. How this digital evaluation system for car seat comfort design is fitted in the Industry 4.0 framework is also proposed.

Design Theory and Method of Complex Products:A Review

Design is a high-level and complex thinking activity of human beings,using existing knowledge and technology to solve problems and create new things.With the rise and development of intelligent manufacturing,design has increasingly reflected its importance in the product life cycle.Firstly,the concept and connotation of complex product design is expounded systematically,and the different types of design are discussed.The four schools of design theory are introduced,including universal design,axiomatic design,TRIZ and general design.Then the research status of complex product design is analyzed,such as innovative design,digital design,modular design,reliability optimization design,etc.Finally,three key scientific issues worthy of research in the future are indicated,and five research trends of“newer,better,smarter,faster,and greener”are summarized,aiming to provide references for the equipment design and manufacturing industry.

Current Research Situation and Development Countermeasures for Digital Orchards

With the rapid development of modern information technology, digital technology has gradually penetrated into all fields and links of the agricultural industry. Digital orchard reflects the comprehensive application of digital technology in orchard management. This study surveys and analyzes the current development of digital orchard, clarifies the development status and existing problems, and comes up with reasonable recommendations, to provide a certain reference and guidance for the construction of digital orchard in Zibo City of Shandong Province.

NEW DESIGN METHOD FOR HYPOID GEARS

A digital model is presented for the purpose of design, manufacture and measurement of hypoid gear, based on the non-uniform rational B-spline surface （NURBS） method. The digital model and the function-oriented active design technique are combined to form a new design method for hypoid gears. The method is well adaptable to CNC bevel gear cutting machines and CNC-controlled gear inspection machines, and can be used to create the initial machine tool cutting location data or program measurement path. The presented example verifies the method is correct.

Design of a Two-dimensional Recursive Filter Using the Bees Algorithm

This paper presents the first application of the bees algorithm to the optimisation of parameters of a two-dimensional （2D） recursive digital filter. The algorithm employs a search technique inspired by the foraging behaviour of honey bees. The results obtained show clear improvement compared to those produced by the widely adopted genetic algorithm （GA）.

General review of National Digital Library development in the National Library of China

As an important part of National Digital Library(NDL),the National Digital Library Project(NDLP),which was launched in 2005,has attracted wide attention of the society in general.This paper introduces the general situation of the project from the following aspects,namely,the characteristics,objectives and contents.It also expounds on the basic ideas and the overall structure of the project and gives an introduction to the design of its basic platform,its application platform,its business management system and its standardization control system.In this paper,the digital resources construction and service delivery of the National Library of China(NLC)are introduced to cover both its present operation as well as those in conjunction with the opening of its new library building during its second-phase of library development.Finally,the most important and difficult point in the construction of the National Digital Library Project is analyzed from the following four perspectives:1)The long-term preservation of digital resources;2)the construction of knowledge organization system;3)the organic integration of the digital library and the traditional library;and 4)the risk of project management and system integration.

Precision Engineering Design Process for Optimal Design Based on Engineering Sciences

Concepts of precision engineering design process for optimal design where engineering sciences contribute in the successful good design are elaborated in this paper.Scientific theory and practicality are discussed in this paper.Factors necessary for a complete product or systems design are detailed and application of mathematical design optimization in producing a good design are shown.Many applicable engineering design examples are itemized to show relevancy of the optimal design theory to engineering design.Future trends of optimal design with respect to the 4th industrial revolution of digitization are presented.Paper sets to elaborate that most of the engineering and scientific design problems can be optimized to a good design based on many new/advanced optimization techniques.

液压缸的数字化设计

为了解决液压缸设计系统存在的实用性不强,功能不完善问题,建立了液压缸设计数据模型,分析了液压缸设计中的难点,基于液压传动技术,结合SolidW orks、Access数据库和VB高级程序语言,开发出自上而下的液压缸数字设计系统,改变了传统设计方法。

关于当前高等服装教育实验教学建设的思考与实践

本文结合当前服装行业特点、发展、前景及服装实验课现状论述了我国现代高等服装教育构建“数字化”教学环境的紧迫性和必要性,讨论我国现代服装教育的方向,提出综合设计实验课程。

数字化微笑设计在美学区种植修复的临床应用

随着社会的不断发展,人们的审美观点也有所改变,口腔前牙修复的重点已经逐渐聚焦于修复体的美学功能;而美学区种植也一直是种植治疗的难点,在数字化技术的发展下,美学区种植治疗流程获得了新的内涵,目前其目标已转变为在数字化设计指导下使最终修复体的位置、颜色、形态、比例和排列与软组织形态及颜面部整体协调一致,以帮助患者展现完美的笑容,数字化微笑设计(Digital smile design,DSD)软件也因此应运而生。本文就DSD设计的相关内容及其在美学区种植中的应用作一综述。